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Transcript
PSY 202/Schaffer Machida/Spring 2003 Chapter 3: Heredity Influences on Development I. Gene Express: Probability A. Recessive Inheritance PKU Tay Sachs B. Co-dominance: AB Blood Type C. Incomplete: Sickle Cell Anemia D. Sex-Linked Inheritance Color Blindness Fragile X Syndrome -Most common inherited cause of mental retardation -Symptoms begin to surface in early 565309499 1 childhood -80% of males/sons are affected -IQ declines over the first 10 years of life -Females/daughters have normal IQ or some learning disabilities -Common Features *speech outbursts *noticeable physical deformities especially after puberty *hyperactivity *tantrums *autistic like *other physical features big ears large testicles 565309499 2 II. Genetic Imprinting One of the pair of alleles from a parent Is expressed, but doesn’t follow the typical Rules of expression. A. Father’s allele – child develops diabetes B. Mother’s allele – child develops Angelman’s Disorder III. Detection: A. Recessive Disorders: Tay Sachs B. Various methods 565309499 3 IV. Methods of Study Hereditary Influences A. Behavioral Genetics Degree of concordance between Monozygotic vs. Dyzygotic Twins Vs. Non-Twin Siblings Heritability Estimates Identical twins have higher heritability Correlations than fraternal twins Nonshared Environment = 1-identical twins Reared together (high correlation) IV. Hereditary and Environment Contributions to Development A. Canalization Principle B. Range of Reaction Principle 565309499 4