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Number of Questions: 25
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Chapter 9 Practice Multiple Choice (PMC)
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
SECTION INTRODUCTION ESSAY
____ 1. Which
a.
b.
c.
d.
of the following does not apply to sea otters?
They have blubber to keep them warm.
They can eat 25 % of their weight per day in sea urchins and other benthic organisms.
They use tools.
They have the thickest fur of any mammal.
____ 2. A sea otter is a(n)
a. alien species.
b. indicator species.
c. native species.
d. keystone species.
SECTION 9-1 POPULATION DYNAMICS AND CARRYING CAPACITY
____ 3. The most common pattern of population dispersion found in nature is
a. random.
b. uniform.
c. clumped.
d. dispersed.
____ 4. You are an ecologist studying the population dynamics of an ecosystem. You observe that
resources are not evenly distributed. You predict the population dispersion pattern is
a. uniform.
b. random.
c. clumped.
d. dispersed
____ 5. You observe uniform dispersion in a species you are studying intensely. You predict that as you
extend your work, you will find
a. intraspecific competition and evenly spread, scarce resources.
b. interspecific predation and evenly spread, scarce resources.
c. intraspecific competition and evenly spread, abundant resources.
d. commensalism and clumped resources.
____ 6. Which
a.
b.
c.
d.
of the following is not one of the age structure categories?
prereproductive
reproductive
postreproductive
elderly
____ 7. Emigration
a. is one-way movement of individuals into the area of an established population.
b. is one-way movement of individuals into an uninhabited area.
c. is one-way movement of individuals out of a particular population to another area.
d. is the repeated departure and return of individuals to and from a population area.
____ 8. A population will increase if
a. natality decreases.
b. mortality increases.
c. the biotic potential increases.
d. the environmental resistance increases.
____ 9. Carrying capacity refers to
a. reproductive rate.
b. interaction of natality and mortality.
c. the maximum size of population the environment will support.
d. the proportion of males to females.
____ 10. A population crash occurs when
a. a population approaches its carrying capacity.
b. environmental resistance comes into play gradually.
c. resources are essentially unlimited.
d. a population overshoots carrying capacity and environmental pressures cause effects.
____ 11. A population grows, overshoots its carrying capacity, and crashes, most likely from
a. a positive feedback loop.
b. a negative feedback loop.
c. a time delay between a positive feedback loop and a negative feedback loop.
d. an accumulation.
____ 12. Humans have extended Earth's carrying capacity for the human species by
a. controlling many diseases.
b. using energy resources at a rapid rate.
c. using material resources at a rapid rate.
d. all of these answers.
____ 13. Carrying capacity is determined by
a. climatic changes.
b. predation.
c. interspecific competition.
d. all of these answers.
____ 14. Density-independent population controls include all of the following except
a. drought.
b. fire.
c. resource competition.
d. unfavorable chemical changes in the environment.
____ 15. Which of the following patterns would you expect to find for rabbits and coyotes in an
undisturbed habitat?
a. explosive
b. stable
c. cyclic
d. irruptive
SECTION 9-2 REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS AND SURVIVAL
____ 16. K-strategists
a. have high genetic diversity.
b. are more responsive to environmental changes than r-strategists.
c. exhibit fast rates of evolution.
d. are generally less adaptable to change than r-strategists.
____ 17. Which of the following best describes the survivorship curve you would expect to find for a
fish?
a. late loss
b. constant loss
c. early loss
d. no loss
SECTION 9-3 EFFECTS OF GENETIC VARIATIONS ON POPULATION SIZE
____ 18. Which of the following ethical principles does not apply to conservation biology?
a. The best way to preserve Earth's genetic and species diversity and ecological integrity
is to preserve its habitats, niches, and ecological interactions.
b. Humans should not interfere with the ongoing processes of biological evolution.
c. Biodiversity and ecological integrity are useful and necessary to all life on Earth and
should not be reduced by human actions.
d. Humans should use genetic engineering to improve species as human resources.
____ 19. The ethical principle most important to conservation biology is:
a. People should be held responsible for their own pollution.
b. We should live lightly on the earth.
c. Do that which tends to maintain Earth's life-support systems for us and other species.
d. No human culture should become extinct because of the actions of other humans.
____ 20. Which of the following questions is a conservation biologist least likely to ask?
a. How can ecosystem integrity be maintained?
b. How does sulfur cycle in this ecosystem?
c. What is the status of the natural populations in this ecosystem?
d. What ecosystem services are we in danger of losing in this ecosystem?
____ 21. Which of the following types of species is least vulnerable to habitat fragmentation?
a. generalists
b. specialists
c. large predators
d. migratory species
____ 22. You are a conservation biologist stationed in the western United States. Which of the
following thoughts is least likely to cross your mind?
a. I need the help of a specialist in bioinformatics to help me build a database of biological
information about this ecosystem.
b. I am concerned that fragmentation is affecting the size and quality of the ecosystem
and that it will affect natural wildlife populations.
c. I wonder if the proposed corridor is wide enough to be useful to the cougars.
d. How is the cougar adapted to this ecosystem?
SECTION 9-4 HUMAN IMPACTS ON NATURAL SYSTEMS: LEARNING FROM NATURE
____ 23. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
World Health Organization initiated spraying in Borneo (Brunei) to
reduce the incidence of malaria.
control sylvatic plague.
eliminate small lizards.
kill the caterpillars found in the thatched roofs.
____ 24. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
World Health Organization controlled sylvatic plague in Borneo (Brunei) by
spraying with pesticide.
parachuting healthy cats into the area.
introducing lizards.
burning all the huts that housed infected people.
____ 25. Natural ecosystems
a. require applications of pesticides.
b. are subject to continuous invasion by pathogens and weeds.
c. are usually capable of self-maintenance and self-renewal.
d. have most of their biomass in one species.