Download Winston Churchill: The British Bulldog

4. Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g., Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf
Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower).
(DM)Douglas MacArthur - (EH)Emperor Hirohito - (DE)Dwight D. Eisenhower –
(FR)Franklin Delano Roosevelt - (BM)Benito Mussolini – (AH)Adolph Hitler – (WC)Winston Churchill
 "I do not understand this squeamishness about the use of gas. I am strongly in favor of using poison gas against
uncivilized tribes. The moral effects should be good, and it would spread a lively terror."
 The militarist’s "objectives": a free hand to continue with the conquest of China and South-east Asia, no increase in US
or British military forces in the region, and cooperation by the West "in the acquisition of goods needed by our Empire".
 "Old soldiers never die, they just fade away."
 followed the Nazis in adopting a racial policy that led to persecution of the Jews.
 "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself"
 "We have buried the putrid corpse of liberty."
 “iL Duce”
 After the Atomic attacks, he surrendered unconditionally.
 was instrumental in giving France a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council because he wanted to have
another European power to counter-balance the Soviet Union's permanent seat.
 Although he had never seen action himself, he won the respect of front-line commanders such as Omar Bradley and
George Patton.
 As soon as the German Empire entered World War I, he enlisted in the German Army.
 At the outbreak WWII, he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty.
 Billions of people in China, Taiwan, Korea and South-East Asia see him as Asia's Hitler of World War II, some of which
feel he should have been tried for war crimes.
Common market and later the European Union.
 Convinced that if Germany couldn't win the war that it should not exist, he, on March 19, 1945, ordered that all
industries, military installations, shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in Germany be destroyed.
 During the General Strike of 1926, he suggested that machine guns should be used on the striking miners.
 During World War I, he served in France, first with the 42nd Division and, upon his promotion to Brigadier General (the
youngest ever in the United States Army), as commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade.
 F.D.R.
 Failing to assassinate him, savage reprisals followed and the resistance movement was crushed.
 For the next three years, he enjoyed unparalleled military success: Poland Denmark Norway, Netherlands, Belgium,
Luxembourg and France, Yugoslavia and Greece were invaded.
 was one of the political and military engineers of the disastrous Gallipoli landings on the Dardanelles during World War
I, which led to his description as "the butcher of Gallipoli".
 Fuhrer
 advocated moving people into their new countries as the best and most lasting method to be used when redrawing
boarders.
 also wanted a collapse of society that would bring him to power.
 announced his intention of annexing Malta, Corsica, and Tunis. spoke of creating a "New Roman Empire" which would
stretch from Libya to Palestine; and from Egypt to Kenya
 armed the Fascist militia to terrorize and maintain power.
 attained the rank of corporal, was wounded, and gassed.
 Never say die: "We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the
landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender."
 attended the boys' department of Gakushuin Peer's School from 1908 to 1914 and then at a special institute for the
Crown Prince from 1914 to 1921.
 believed in the superiority of the "Aryan race" which formed the basis of his political views.
 believed that the Fascism of Mussolini to be a fortification against the perceived threat of Communist revolution.
 came to believe that the Jews were the natural enemies of the "Aryans," and were also in some way responsible for his
poverty and his failure to achieve the success he believed he deserved.
 coined the term "New Deal" when he stated: "I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people."
 liked Germany because it was more racially pure.
 coined the term fascism from the fasces carried before Roman magistrates.
 commanded all Allied forces in the Normandy invasion, which took place on D-Day.
 committed himself to battling the Great Depression, his platform was "Three R's - Relief, Recovery and Reform."
 committed suicide, and the Third Reich was dead.
 dealt skillfully with difficult allies such as Winston Churchill, Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery and General Charles
1
4. Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g., Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf
Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower).











































de Gaulle.
demonstrated his great talents for leadership and diplomacy in his command of European forces.
enrolled at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York.
For a time he was a lone voice calling on Britain to re-arm itself and counter the belligerence of Germany, and Hitler.
entered the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1898 and graduated first in his class
failed to do anything to stop the Holocaust despite having intelligence of the atrocity.
By the end of 1944, he was in overall command of armed forces comprising 4.5 million men and women.
planned to drop many nuclear bombs on China (some sources put this number at 50).
had fundamental disagreements with Churchill and Montgomery over questions of strategy, but these rarely upset his
relationships with them.
had great organizational and administrative abilities.
had two remarkable talents—public oratory and inspiring personal loyalty
With absolute control over the press, he gradually built up the legend of Il duce, a man who never slept, was always
right, and could solve all the problems of politics and economics.
hated Communism and believed America was slowly turning into a Communist country.
hated the multiethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire.
hated the Socialists, Liberals, Jews, Capitalists, and Communists.
instituted the Social Security system, a form of welfare that was meant to provide support for low-income and elderly
citizens.
introduced strict censorship and altered the methods of election so that he was able to assume dictatorial powers and
dissolve all other political parties.
is called the most loved and most hated, being ranked with Washington, and Lincoln.
joined the nationalists party.
later became the 34th President of the United States.
made it plain that a peaceful settlement was to be pursued "up to the last".
made Italy a police state.
At home, he expressed contempt for ideas such as public health care and for better education for the majority of the
population, particularly those who had fought in the war.
made the "Pact of Steel" with Hitler, that made him the subordinate partner.
was the occupying ruler of Japan from 1945 to 1951.
packed the Supreme Court with all nine members that were allied with his politics.
planned and implemented Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa.
was an early supporter of the pan-Europism that eventually lead to the formation of the European Union
said he would not send American boys to fight in foreign wars. However, in 1941 the conflicting interests of Japan and
the United States in Asia and the Pacific, especially in China, resulted in a breakdown of diplomatic relations to the point
where war seemed inevitable.
screamed across North Africa towards Egypt.
served as both British Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air.
signed Executive Order 9066 which resulted in the internment in concentration camps of 110,000 Japanese nationals and
American citizens of Japanese descent.
With Japan losing the war, he wanted a negotiated surrender.
started the "Fireside Chats."
suggested chemical weapons be used "against recalcitrant Arabs as an experiment".
then served as chief military aide to General Douglas MacArthur.
took a six month tour of the United Kingdom and five other European countries, thus becoming the first Japanese crown
prince to travel abroad.
trusted battles more than diplomacy.
wanted a return to mare nostrum ("our sea" in Latin), and conquered Albania, Libya, and Ethiopia to get it.
For those not persuaded he was their savior, the SA, the SS, and the Gestapo (Secret State Police) were given a free
hand, and thousands disappeared into concentration camps.
was a fierce critic of Neville Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler.
was a Five-star General of the Army who led a series of military victories in World War II.
was a staunch advocate of foreign intervention in the Russian Civil War, declaring that Bolshevism must be "strangled
in its cradle."
was a young Lieutenant during World War I.
2
4. Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g., Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf
Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower).
 was an active anti-Semite that ruled his life and was the key to all his subsequent actions.
 was deeply concerned by the decision to place "war preparations first and diplomatic negotiations second" and
announced his intention to break with centuries-old protocol and, at the Imperial Conference on the following day,
directly question the chiefs of the Army and Navy general staffs.
 was an extreme nationalist when in came to his country.
 was appointed Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone in Europe.
 was Appointed Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Forces, and charged with planning and carrying out the
Allied invasion of France, Operation Overlord.
 may have known about Pearl Harbor before it happened.
 was Assistant Secretary of the Navy; Governor of New York.
 was Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces in North Africa.
 was considered a passionate public speaker in the Mediterranean region.
 was elected to an unprecedented four terms of office - the only U.S. president elected more than twice, and part of the
reason the United States Constitution was amended to prevent Presidents from being elected after having served two
terms.
 While allied with Germany and Austria-Hungary, Italy betrayed them and joined with Britain and France in WWI, as he
wished.
 was fiercely nationalistic…for Germany
 was instrumental in drawing up the new boundaries for Post War countries, often without asking the people or their
governments.
 After the battle of Stalingrad, the turning point of WWII, his military decisions became increasingly erratic, and
Germany's military and economic position deteriorated.
 was named Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army in November 1945.
 was not willing to unconditionally surrender, yet.
 blamed all of Germany’s problems on the Jews.
 was opposed to granting independence to India.
 was popular because of offended national pride caused by the Treaty of Versailles
 was put on trial for high treason for attempting to overthrow the Bavarian government.
 was responsible for the Great Bengal Famine of 1943 and the bombing of civilian Dresden.
 won the Iron Cross for bravery in WWI.
 His brand of fascism evolved into new political and economic system that combined corporatism, totalitarianism,
nationalism, and anti-communism in a state designed to bind all classes together under a capitalist system, but a new
capitalist system in which the state seized control of the organization of vital industries.
 His famous "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat" speech was his first as Prime Minister.
 His Fascist Party formed armed squads of war veterans to terrorize socialists and communists.
 His good relationship with U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt secured the United Kingdom vital supplies via the North
Atlantic Ocean shipping routes.
 His reign was the longest of all Japanese emperors, and arguably oversaw the greatest changes to Japanese society.
 was the architect of The Holocaust: The Nazis' systematic extermination of "undesirables" in concentration camps.
 His only setback was the failure of his attempt to bomb Britain into submission, which was thwarted during the Battle of
Britain.
 was promoted to General of the Army.
 Ike
 In 1913 he moved to Munich to avoid military service in the Austro-Hungarian army.
 In 1941, he was the commander of US Army Forces - Far East.
 In 1942, he was designated Commanding General, European Theater.
 In December 1950 he was named Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (N.A.T.O.), and given
operational command of NATO forces in Europe.
 Jews used to be high members of the party, and were not deported to concentration camps until Germany occupied Italy.
 Jews were his primary targets.
 was the 124th Emperor of Japan.
 Mac
 Many believed that he was an evil mastermind behind the war while others claimed that he was simply a powerless
figurehead.
 Many others died in his camps: Communists, homosexuals, gypsies, the physically handicapped, the mentally retarded,
3
4. Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g., Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf
Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower).
























Soviet prisoners of war, the Polish intelligentsia, Jehovah's Witnesses, Catholic and Protestant clergy, trade unionists,
psychiatric patients, and common criminals.
On Chamberlain's resignation in May, 1940, he was appointed Prime Minister of Britain.
On his return from Korea, after his relief by Truman, he encountered massive public adulation, which aroused
expectations were that he would run for the US presidency.
Peace was essential, but he believed the armed forces would have to engineer a conspicuous military victory somewhere
in order to provide a stronger bargaining position. It never happened.
Politician for 61 years: MP
President Roosevelt had such confidence in him that he negotiated with Soviet commanders and sometimes directly with
Stalin.
Showa (Enlightened Peace) Emperor
President Truman relieved him of duty when he wanted to extend the Korean conflict into China.
The Americans demanded his, and his militarist government’s, unconditional surrender.
The British Bulldog
wanted the return of the glory that was once the Roman Empire.
Press, radio, education, films — all were carefully supervised to manufacture the illusion that fascism was the doctrine of
the 20th century, replacing liberalism and democracy
The Japanese Imperial Army and Imperial Navy had held veto power and almost all political power in Japan, and
pursued policies that eventually led Japan to fight the second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.
His speeches were a great inspiration to the embattled United Kingdom.
His skill in propaganda was such that he had surprisingly little opposition to suppress.
The militaristic government prepared for war against his wishes.
The militarists, while shocked that he was actually speaking to them, didn’t change their plans for war.
The people cooled once details of his removal were made public.
Though an American, he had strong militarist opinions.
To avoid war crimes trial, he was forced to admit that he was not a god.
Using mass media, he persuaded most Germans that he was their savior.
With Germany defeated and the Soviets not willing to renew their neutrality agreement, he privately favored a peace
settlement.
After the defeat of his forces in the Philippines, he became Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in the Southwest
Pacific.
The German military realized they could not defeat the combined efforts of the largest empire (the British), the world's
greatest industrial and financial power (the USA), and the world's largest nation, the Soviet Union, and plotted to kill
him.
With the nation now fully committed to the war, he put aside his doubts and acted as a devoted Japanese patriot, doing
all he could to boost morale.
4