Phonons and related crystal properties from density
... Rev. Mod. Phys., Vol. 73, No. 2, April 2001 ...
... Rev. Mod. Phys., Vol. 73, No. 2, April 2001 ...
Multiwavelength study of 20 jets that emanate from the periphery of
... Methods. These jets were observed between August 2010 and June 2013 by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument that is onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). We selected events that were observed on the solar disk within +/–60◦ latitude. Using AIA wavelength channels that are sensiti ...
... Methods. These jets were observed between August 2010 and June 2013 by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument that is onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). We selected events that were observed on the solar disk within +/–60◦ latitude. Using AIA wavelength channels that are sensiti ...
University of Groningen Electrical spin injection in metallic
... between a two electron system with a symmetric (triplet) or antisymmetric (singlet) spin part of the wave function is referred to as the exchange energy Eex . For example, ferromagnetism exists in iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) atoms due the dependence of the Coulomb energy (the exchange ene ...
... between a two electron system with a symmetric (triplet) or antisymmetric (singlet) spin part of the wave function is referred to as the exchange energy Eex . For example, ferromagnetism exists in iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) atoms due the dependence of the Coulomb energy (the exchange ene ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... strategy are further demonstrated. These characterizations are promising for understanding and manipulating nanoscale phenomena as well as assembling nanoscale devices with desirable functionality; and (3) Fundamental spin and structure manipulation of semiconductor quantum dots by hydrostatic press ...
... strategy are further demonstrated. These characterizations are promising for understanding and manipulating nanoscale phenomena as well as assembling nanoscale devices with desirable functionality; and (3) Fundamental spin and structure manipulation of semiconductor quantum dots by hydrostatic press ...
1302 LAB MANUAL
... these action-at-a-d istance forces are grou ped into system s, the system s have potential energy. Bu t w here d oes the potential energy resid e? Inventing the concept of a field solves the conceptu al d ifficu lties of both the force and the potential energy for action-at-a-d istance interactions. ...
... these action-at-a-d istance forces are grou ped into system s, the system s have potential energy. Bu t w here d oes the potential energy resid e? Inventing the concept of a field solves the conceptu al d ifficu lties of both the force and the potential energy for action-at-a-d istance interactions. ...
EPR Resonators
... absorption of microwaves increases r. The Q of the cavity therefore drops, thereby decreasing the sensitivity of the spectrometer. The increased value of r also makes it more difficult to match the cavity. A larger n, the turns ratio in the equivalent circuit, is required to match the cavity. The la ...
... absorption of microwaves increases r. The Q of the cavity therefore drops, thereby decreasing the sensitivity of the spectrometer. The increased value of r also makes it more difficult to match the cavity. A larger n, the turns ratio in the equivalent circuit, is required to match the cavity. The la ...
Optimisation of the preparation process for tips used in scanning
... aspects of STM. The task of this work was it to optimise the preparation process of tungsten tips for the use in ultrahigh vacuum STM. This toppic is addressed in detail in chapter 3 of this thesis. The tungsten tips are produced by the commonly used electrochemical etching procedure. For the use in ...
... aspects of STM. The task of this work was it to optimise the preparation process of tungsten tips for the use in ultrahigh vacuum STM. This toppic is addressed in detail in chapter 3 of this thesis. The tungsten tips are produced by the commonly used electrochemical etching procedure. For the use in ...
Electrical characterizing of superconducting power cable consisted
... experimentally measured between the two layers. It is found out that the optimal algorithm is effective to homogenize the AC current distribution. ...
... experimentally measured between the two layers. It is found out that the optimal algorithm is effective to homogenize the AC current distribution. ...
Modeling of Lightning Exposure of Sharp and Blunt Rods
... 2-cm rod that does not go into corona prior to stepped leader descent becomes only 6 m. The significance of these results will be made clearer. Since the ground field due to cloud charges does not normally exceed 20 kV/m, it may be tempting to believe, based on Fig. 2, that short rods below 1 m leng ...
... 2-cm rod that does not go into corona prior to stepped leader descent becomes only 6 m. The significance of these results will be made clearer. Since the ground field due to cloud charges does not normally exceed 20 kV/m, it may be tempting to believe, based on Fig. 2, that short rods below 1 m leng ...
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. It was discovered by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon. It is characterized by the Meissner effect, the complete ejection of magnetic field lines from the interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting state. The occurrence of the Meissner effect indicates that superconductivity cannot be understood simply as the idealization of perfect conductivity in classical physics.The electrical resistivity of a metallic conductor decreases gradually as temperature is lowered. In ordinary conductors, such as copper or silver, this decrease is limited by impurities and other defects. Even near absolute zero, a real sample of a normal conductor shows some resistance. In a superconductor, the resistance drops abruptly to zero when the material is cooled below its critical temperature. An electric current flowing through a loop of superconducting wire can persist indefinitely with no power source.In 1986, it was discovered that some cuprate-perovskite ceramic materials have a critical temperature above 90 K (−183 °C). Such a high transition temperature is theoretically impossible for a conventional superconductor, leading the materials to be termed high-temperature superconductors. Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K, and superconduction at higher temperatures than this facilitates many experiments and applications that are less practical at lower temperatures.