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... Exhibit 3-28 Map locating the Central Basin Platform (gas/oil boundary is dashed green line), regional distribution of Ellenburger (blue) and Silurian-Devonian (orange) fields, and Marathon fold-thrust belt (adapted from Shumaker, 1992) .................................................. 59 Exhibit ...
... Exhibit 3-28 Map locating the Central Basin Platform (gas/oil boundary is dashed green line), regional distribution of Ellenburger (blue) and Silurian-Devonian (orange) fields, and Marathon fold-thrust belt (adapted from Shumaker, 1992) .................................................. 59 Exhibit ...
The Influence of Lithospheric Flexure Induced by Volcano Loading
... The Bird-Erebus flexural basin has an overall wedge-shaped fill that thickens toward the volcanoes of Ross Island, typical of the geometry of other basins formed by volcano loads in ocean basins. The Erebus Basin is underfilled, with only ~325 m of infill, compared with >2000 m of fill typically fo ...
... The Bird-Erebus flexural basin has an overall wedge-shaped fill that thickens toward the volcanoes of Ross Island, typical of the geometry of other basins formed by volcano loads in ocean basins. The Erebus Basin is underfilled, with only ~325 m of infill, compared with >2000 m of fill typically fo ...
Composition, Formation, and Occurrence of Polymetallic Nodules
... Abstract Manganese nodules occur as two-dimensional deposits in abyssal plains of all major oceans. In the Clarion-Clipperton Zone of the northeast equatorial Pacific alone, the amount of nodules is estimated to 21 billion tons indicating the huge potential of this deposit type. Apart from manganes ...
... Abstract Manganese nodules occur as two-dimensional deposits in abyssal plains of all major oceans. In the Clarion-Clipperton Zone of the northeast equatorial Pacific alone, the amount of nodules is estimated to 21 billion tons indicating the huge potential of this deposit type. Apart from manganes ...
A FIRST GEOLOGICAL MAP OF MAKIRA, SOLOMON ISLANDS
... most easily explained by the highly oblique collision between the Australian and Pacific plates (e.g. Petterson et al, 1997) which induces a predominant transpressive stress regime with resulting north - south compression and east - west sinistral shear. The interplay between the two dominant stress ...
... most easily explained by the highly oblique collision between the Australian and Pacific plates (e.g. Petterson et al, 1997) which induces a predominant transpressive stress regime with resulting north - south compression and east - west sinistral shear. The interplay between the two dominant stress ...
The anatomy and ontogeny of modern intra
... Geosciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083-0688, USA (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Intra-oceanic arc systems (IOASs) represent the oceanic endmember of arc– trench systems and have been the most important sites of juvenile continental crust formation for a ...
... Geosciences Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083-0688, USA (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Intra-oceanic arc systems (IOASs) represent the oceanic endmember of arc– trench systems and have been the most important sites of juvenile continental crust formation for a ...
Thematic Article Tethyan ophiolites and Pangea break-up
... Abstract The break-up of Pangea began during the Triassic and was preceded by a generalized Permo-Triassic formation of continental rifts along the future margins between Africa and Europe, between Africa and North America, and between North and South America. During the Middle–Late Triassic, an oce ...
... Abstract The break-up of Pangea began during the Triassic and was preceded by a generalized Permo-Triassic formation of continental rifts along the future margins between Africa and Europe, between Africa and North America, and between North and South America. During the Middle–Late Triassic, an oce ...
vi. north moluccas
... Paleozoic metamorphics are overlain by M-L Triassic Kanikeh Fm flysch-type clastics, overlain by Late Triassic reefal and deepwater limestones (commonly interpreted as Jurassic, but paleontological evidence appears to exclusively suggest a Late Triassic age; e.g. Martini et al., 2004). This series h ...
... Paleozoic metamorphics are overlain by M-L Triassic Kanikeh Fm flysch-type clastics, overlain by Late Triassic reefal and deepwater limestones (commonly interpreted as Jurassic, but paleontological evidence appears to exclusively suggest a Late Triassic age; e.g. Martini et al., 2004). This series h ...
Metallogenesis of the world`s ocean against the background
... more precisely mutual relations between the kind and amount of allogenic and authigenic components delivered to different oceans, distance away from endogenic sources, depth, and morphotectonics of the sea floor, physical and chemical properties of the near-bottom and pore waters, as well as the spe ...
... more precisely mutual relations between the kind and amount of allogenic and authigenic components delivered to different oceans, distance away from endogenic sources, depth, and morphotectonics of the sea floor, physical and chemical properties of the near-bottom and pore waters, as well as the spe ...
Differential preservation in the geologic record of intraoceanic arc
... to reconstruct paleogeography and plate motion, and to understand how continental crust is formed, recycled, and maintained through time. However, interpreting tectonic and sedimentary records from ancient terranes after arc–continent collision is complicated by preferential preservation of evidence ...
... to reconstruct paleogeography and plate motion, and to understand how continental crust is formed, recycled, and maintained through time. However, interpreting tectonic and sedimentary records from ancient terranes after arc–continent collision is complicated by preferential preservation of evidence ...
Baltica upside down: A new plate tectonic model for Rodinia and the
... The Wilson Cycle (Wilson, 1966), i.e., the orthogonal opening and closing of an early Paleozoic Atlantic-type ocean (the Iapetus Ocean; Harland and Gayer, 1972) revolutionized plate tectonic thinking and has represented one of the mainstays of pre-Mesozoic plate reconstructions. Current models intim ...
... The Wilson Cycle (Wilson, 1966), i.e., the orthogonal opening and closing of an early Paleozoic Atlantic-type ocean (the Iapetus Ocean; Harland and Gayer, 1972) revolutionized plate tectonic thinking and has represented one of the mainstays of pre-Mesozoic plate reconstructions. Current models intim ...
Rankin et al AJS 2007
... the irregular margins of composite Laurentia and Avalon permitted continued collision in Newfoundland (St. Lawrence promontory) and coeval extension in the Québec embayment. Extension may be related to hinge retreat of the northwest directed Brunswick subduction complex and rise of the asthenospher ...
... the irregular margins of composite Laurentia and Avalon permitted continued collision in Newfoundland (St. Lawrence promontory) and coeval extension in the Québec embayment. Extension may be related to hinge retreat of the northwest directed Brunswick subduction complex and rise of the asthenospher ...
res terrae - Oulun yliopisto
... Precambrian time encompasses approximately 88 % of Earth’s geological history between 4600 and 542 Ma. Clastic sedimentary deposits can be traced back to ca. 3.9 Ga, when the Earth was approximately 250 Ma years young (Wilde et al., 2001). These deposits provide fundamental information about the anc ...
... Precambrian time encompasses approximately 88 % of Earth’s geological history between 4600 and 542 Ma. Clastic sedimentary deposits can be traced back to ca. 3.9 Ga, when the Earth was approximately 250 Ma years young (Wilde et al., 2001). These deposits provide fundamental information about the anc ...
geo.tu-freiberg.de - TU Bergakademie Freiberg
... Welcome at Freiberg University ! Dear participants, we are very delighted to welcome you at the Geological Institute of the Freiberg University. The intension of this scientific meeting is to follow the thread of our international workshops on the Rotliegend in 1997 and on the Upper Carboniferous an ...
... Welcome at Freiberg University ! Dear participants, we are very delighted to welcome you at the Geological Institute of the Freiberg University. The intension of this scientific meeting is to follow the thread of our international workshops on the Rotliegend in 1997 and on the Upper Carboniferous an ...
Carbonates and associated sedimentary rocks of the Upper Visgan
... in thickness from 425 to 765 m. It consists of dark grey shale, grey calcareous siltstone, grey dolomitic mudstone, grey and red non-calcareous siltstone, and interbedded sand stone, gypsum, and thin carbonate rocks. Significant car bonate rocks are found in the Mabou Group only in the Hastings Fo ...
... in thickness from 425 to 765 m. It consists of dark grey shale, grey calcareous siltstone, grey dolomitic mudstone, grey and red non-calcareous siltstone, and interbedded sand stone, gypsum, and thin carbonate rocks. Significant car bonate rocks are found in the Mabou Group only in the Hastings Fo ...
Plate-kinematics and crustal dynamics of circum
... along this margin remains problematic and is discussed below. The broad, diffuse Caribbean–South American plate-boundary zone (Fig. 1) is also strongly controlled by regional tectonics. ...
... along this margin remains problematic and is discussed below. The broad, diffuse Caribbean–South American plate-boundary zone (Fig. 1) is also strongly controlled by regional tectonics. ...
evolution of the north american cordillera
... flexure from sediment loading of oceanic crust offshore (Fedo & Cooper 2001). The evidence for two rift events (Colpron et al. 2002), spaced 160–170 million years apart in pre-Windermere and latest Neoproterozoic time, suggests the possibility that two different continental blocks, one west of Canad ...
... flexure from sediment loading of oceanic crust offshore (Fedo & Cooper 2001). The evidence for two rift events (Colpron et al. 2002), spaced 160–170 million years apart in pre-Windermere and latest Neoproterozoic time, suggests the possibility that two different continental blocks, one west of Canad ...
EVOLUTION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA William R
... flexure from sediment loading of oceanic crust offshore (Fedo & Cooper 2001). The evidence for two rift events (Colpron et al. 2002), spaced 160–170 million years apart in pre-Windermere and latest Neoproterozoic time, suggests the possibility that two different continental blocks, one west of Canad ...
... flexure from sediment loading of oceanic crust offshore (Fedo & Cooper 2001). The evidence for two rift events (Colpron et al. 2002), spaced 160–170 million years apart in pre-Windermere and latest Neoproterozoic time, suggests the possibility that two different continental blocks, one west of Canad ...
Geol.Soc Australia Spec Publ.22 2003
... Early to Middle Miocene collision and subsequent strikeslip movements. Pb, Nd, Sr and O isotope geochemical studies (Forde 1997) of Neogene volcanic rocks on Bacan show that some of the contamination could have been produced by Permian granites similar to those known from Queensland and Banggai–Sula ...
... Early to Middle Miocene collision and subsequent strikeslip movements. Pb, Nd, Sr and O isotope geochemical studies (Forde 1997) of Neogene volcanic rocks on Bacan show that some of the contamination could have been produced by Permian granites similar to those known from Queensland and Banggai–Sula ...
Chapter 4: Stratigraphy and Chronology of the Moon`s Crust
... mare and terra (or highland) areas on the basis of albedo. Upon closer scrutiny we find that highland areas are considerably rougher and more intensely cratered than the mare suggesting a considerable difference in age. This two-fold division of the lunar surface, first suggested by Galileo in 1610, ...
... mare and terra (or highland) areas on the basis of albedo. Upon closer scrutiny we find that highland areas are considerably rougher and more intensely cratered than the mare suggesting a considerable difference in age. This two-fold division of the lunar surface, first suggested by Galileo in 1610, ...
Tectonic history of the Chihuahua trough, Mexico
... craton, have been recurrently active since Middle Proterozoic time. Stratigraphic and structural data indicate the influence of this zone on Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Tertiary and Recent geology of northeastern Chihuahua. The Carrizo Mountain Group (estimated age 1,400-1,300 Ma) must have been deposited ...
... craton, have been recurrently active since Middle Proterozoic time. Stratigraphic and structural data indicate the influence of this zone on Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Tertiary and Recent geology of northeastern Chihuahua. The Carrizo Mountain Group (estimated age 1,400-1,300 Ma) must have been deposited ...
Merlinleigh and Byro Sub-Basins
... 21. Late Carboniferous – Permian sedimentary rocks beneath Mesozoic cover to the west of the Merlinleigh Sub-basin outcrops ................................................................................................................. 24 22. Detail of the Muderong (Twin Bores) Fault, Kennedy Faul ...
... 21. Late Carboniferous – Permian sedimentary rocks beneath Mesozoic cover to the west of the Merlinleigh Sub-basin outcrops ................................................................................................................. 24 22. Detail of the Muderong (Twin Bores) Fault, Kennedy Faul ...
The detrital record of orogenesis: A review of approaches and
... Higher Himalaya are separated by the normal-faulting South Tibetan Detachment Zone (STDZ) from the Tibetan Sedimentary Series above, and by the Main Central Thrust from the Lesser Himalaya below. Since collision inception, the Higher Himalaya have been subjected to Barrovian metamorphism. Burial and ...
... Higher Himalaya are separated by the normal-faulting South Tibetan Detachment Zone (STDZ) from the Tibetan Sedimentary Series above, and by the Main Central Thrust from the Lesser Himalaya below. Since collision inception, the Higher Himalaya have been subjected to Barrovian metamorphism. Burial and ...
The crustal structure of the southern Caspian region
... structure whose western boundary is a relatively narrow zone across which the crust thins rapidly (~20 km thinning over a 100 km zone) and whose eastern boundary has a more gradual change in crustal thickness (~20 km thinning over a 400 km zone). The velocity–depth profiles derived from the receiver ...
... structure whose western boundary is a relatively narrow zone across which the crust thins rapidly (~20 km thinning over a 100 km zone) and whose eastern boundary has a more gradual change in crustal thickness (~20 km thinning over a 400 km zone). The velocity–depth profiles derived from the receiver ...
Paleogene–early Miocene igneous rocks and geodynamics of the
... Mid-Hungarian unit was strongly deformed during Tertiary times (Balla, 1987; Csontos and Nagymarosy, 1998). In this paper, the Alcapa unit is defined as the unit bounded to the south by the Periadriatic and Balaton faults (Balla, 1984; Csontos, 1995; Fodor et al., 1998, 1999) (Fig. 2). The Balaton f ...
... Mid-Hungarian unit was strongly deformed during Tertiary times (Balla, 1987; Csontos and Nagymarosy, 1998). In this paper, the Alcapa unit is defined as the unit bounded to the south by the Periadriatic and Balaton faults (Balla, 1984; Csontos, 1995; Fodor et al., 1998, 1999) (Fig. 2). The Balaton f ...
A new look at the Altaids: A superorogenic complex in northern and
... fronts for the entire Altaid System with no collisions of discrete continental objects or island arcs! The evolution of magmatic fronts as reported in these earlier papers and corroborated by the new isotopic age data as reported in Part I (Şengör et al., 2014) dictated this choice. The reason is il ...
... fronts for the entire Altaid System with no collisions of discrete continental objects or island arcs! The evolution of magmatic fronts as reported in these earlier papers and corroborated by the new isotopic age data as reported in Part I (Şengör et al., 2014) dictated this choice. The reason is il ...
Messinian salinity crisis
The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC), also referred to as the Messinian Event, and in its latest stage as the Lago Mare event, was a geological event during which the Mediterranean Sea went into a cycle of partly or nearly complete desiccation throughout the latter part of the Messinian age of the Miocene epoch, from 5.96 to 5.33 Ma (million years ago). It ended with the Zanclean flood, when the Atlantic reclaimed the basin.Sediment samples from below the deep seafloor of the Mediterranean Sea, which include evaporite minerals, soils, and fossil plants, show that, about 5.96 million years ago in the late Miocene period, the precursor of the Strait of Gibraltar closed tight and the Mediterranean Sea, for the first time and then repeatedly, partially desiccated. The strait closed 5.6 Ma for the last time and, because of the generally dry climate conditions, within a millennium the Mediterranean basin nearly completely dried out, evaporating into a deep dry basin bottoming at some places 3 to 5 km (1.9 to 3.1 mi) below the world ocean level, with a few hypersaline Dead Sea-like pockets. Around 5.5 Ma, less dry climatic conditions allowed the basin to resume receiving more fresh water from rivers, with pockets of Caspian-like brackish waters getting progressively less hyper-saline, until the Strait of Gibraltar finally reopened 5.33 Ma with the Zanclean flood.Even now the Mediterranean is saltier than the North Atlantic because of its near isolation by the Strait of Gibraltar and its high rate of evaporation. If the Strait of Gibraltar closes again, which is likely to happen in the near geological future (though extremely distantly on a human time scale), the Mediterranean would mostly evaporate in about a thousand years. After that, continued northward movement of Africa may obliterate the Mediterranean: see Mediterranean Ridge.