Izu detachment hypothesis: A proposal of a unified cause for... event and the Tokai slow event
... 26, 2000. The Izu islands, consisting of Miyakejima, Niijima, Kozushima, and smaller islands, are volcanic islands in the Izu-Bonin backarc formed by the subduction of the Pacific plate (PA) beneath the Philippine Sea plate (PHS) (Fig. 1). Miyakejima is an active basaltic stratovolcano located at th ...
... 26, 2000. The Izu islands, consisting of Miyakejima, Niijima, Kozushima, and smaller islands, are volcanic islands in the Izu-Bonin backarc formed by the subduction of the Pacific plate (PA) beneath the Philippine Sea plate (PHS) (Fig. 1). Miyakejima is an active basaltic stratovolcano located at th ...
Slab behaviour and its surface expression: new insights
... different by an order of magnitude, the crustal thickening effect (Fig. 1b) being far greater than that of the lithospheric thickening (Fig. 1d). Reasons for the smaller anomalies in the lithospheric thickening model are the greater depth of the lithospheric root and the lower density contrast betwe ...
... different by an order of magnitude, the crustal thickening effect (Fig. 1b) being far greater than that of the lithospheric thickening (Fig. 1d). Reasons for the smaller anomalies in the lithospheric thickening model are the greater depth of the lithospheric root and the lower density contrast betwe ...
Mechanical (de-)coupling of the lithosphere in the Valencia Trough
... The rift basin started to open during Late Oligocene over an inverted Mesozoic basin that was subjected to non-deposition and erosion during most of the Paleogene [33]. It appears that the opening was not synchronous all over the basin [34], but that rifting commenced earlier in the northeast (Late ...
... The rift basin started to open during Late Oligocene over an inverted Mesozoic basin that was subjected to non-deposition and erosion during most of the Paleogene [33]. It appears that the opening was not synchronous all over the basin [34], but that rifting commenced earlier in the northeast (Late ...
Spontaneous development of arcuate single‐sided subduction in
... Subduction zones are one of the most prominent features on a planet that undergoes plate tectonics, not only in terms of surface morphology but also in terms of the planet’s dynamic evolution. Its importance for the dynamics is highlighted by the fact that the sinking portions of a plate (i.e., slab ...
... Subduction zones are one of the most prominent features on a planet that undergoes plate tectonics, not only in terms of surface morphology but also in terms of the planet’s dynamic evolution. Its importance for the dynamics is highlighted by the fact that the sinking portions of a plate (i.e., slab ...
tectonics - GeoKniga
... meant that material inside the Earth must be much denser than surface rocks—Verne’s image of a Swisscheese-like Earth could not be correct. Once researchers realized that the interior of the Earth is denser than its surface rocks, they worked to determine how mass is distributed inside the Earth. Fi ...
... meant that material inside the Earth must be much denser than surface rocks—Verne’s image of a Swisscheese-like Earth could not be correct. Once researchers realized that the interior of the Earth is denser than its surface rocks, they worked to determine how mass is distributed inside the Earth. Fi ...
Divergent Plate Boundaries - North Coast Distance Education
... forms by magmatic processes at the midocean ridge, the crest of the ridge is hot. As the oceanic crust moves away from the ridge, it cools. In fact, the temperature of the oceanic crust bears a simple relationship to the distance from the spreading ridge: The farther away from the ridge, the cooler ...
... forms by magmatic processes at the midocean ridge, the crest of the ridge is hot. As the oceanic crust moves away from the ridge, it cools. In fact, the temperature of the oceanic crust bears a simple relationship to the distance from the spreading ridge: The farther away from the ridge, the cooler ...
High resolution image of the subducted Paci¢c (?) plate beneath
... single event^station pairs [21,22]. Before deconvolution the data are decimated to 6.25 Hz and windowed to contain 40 s of signal and 6 s of presignal noise. After deconvolution a 0.6 Hz Gaussian low pass ¢lter removes high frequency noise, and the records for each station are stacked over all event ...
... single event^station pairs [21,22]. Before deconvolution the data are decimated to 6.25 Hz and windowed to contain 40 s of signal and 6 s of presignal noise. After deconvolution a 0.6 Hz Gaussian low pass ¢lter removes high frequency noise, and the records for each station are stacked over all event ...
︎PDF - Fabio Crameri
... Subduction zones are one of the most prominent features on a planet that undergoes plate tectonics, not only in terms of surface morphology but also in terms of the planet’s dynamic evolution. Its importance for the dynamics is highlighted by the fact that the sinking portions of a plate (i.e., slab ...
... Subduction zones are one of the most prominent features on a planet that undergoes plate tectonics, not only in terms of surface morphology but also in terms of the planet’s dynamic evolution. Its importance for the dynamics is highlighted by the fact that the sinking portions of a plate (i.e., slab ...
Mid-Ocean Ridges: Mantle Convection and Formation
... Case 1 considers a situation in which mantle flow is driven entirely kinematically by the separation of the lithospheric plates (Figure 3 and 5a). This passive flow scenario is predicted if the plate-driven component of flow overwhelms the buoyancy-driven part (i.e., the last term in Eq. 1). The oth ...
... Case 1 considers a situation in which mantle flow is driven entirely kinematically by the separation of the lithospheric plates (Figure 3 and 5a). This passive flow scenario is predicted if the plate-driven component of flow overwhelms the buoyancy-driven part (i.e., the last term in Eq. 1). The oth ...
The Central Basin Spreading Center in the Philippine Sea
... variations along the CBSC to higher melt supply in the western region caused by high mantle temperature and/or mantle heterogeneity, which may be related to a relatively smallscale mantle plume forming the oceanic plateaus located in the WPB. Another prominent feature of the CBSC is the development ...
... variations along the CBSC to higher melt supply in the western region caused by high mantle temperature and/or mantle heterogeneity, which may be related to a relatively smallscale mantle plume forming the oceanic plateaus located in the WPB. Another prominent feature of the CBSC is the development ...
The Central Basin Spreading Center in the Philippine Sea: Structure
... variations along the CBSC to higher melt supply in the western region caused by high mantle temperature and/or mantle heterogeneity, which may be related to a relatively smallscale mantle plume forming the oceanic plateaus located in the WPB. Another prominent feature of the CBSC is the development ...
... variations along the CBSC to higher melt supply in the western region caused by high mantle temperature and/or mantle heterogeneity, which may be related to a relatively smallscale mantle plume forming the oceanic plateaus located in the WPB. Another prominent feature of the CBSC is the development ...
Revised Tectonic Evolution of the Eastern Indian Ocean
... While these features are prominent in free-air satellite gravity anomalies (e.g. Sandwell and Smith, 2009), it is very difficult to confidently interpret similarly trending features along either the Australian or Antarctic margins further to the east, although some tentative interpretations have bee ...
... While these features are prominent in free-air satellite gravity anomalies (e.g. Sandwell and Smith, 2009), it is very difficult to confidently interpret similarly trending features along either the Australian or Antarctic margins further to the east, although some tentative interpretations have bee ...
The ocean-continent transition in the uniform lithospheric stretching
... indeed measured on the deeper portion of the Armorican continental margin and that consequently the mode1 could be accepted at least as a fint approximation. The reason why the transition from continental lithosphere stretching to oceanic accretion should occur for a given stretching factor /3 was, ...
... indeed measured on the deeper portion of the Armorican continental margin and that consequently the mode1 could be accepted at least as a fint approximation. The reason why the transition from continental lithosphere stretching to oceanic accretion should occur for a given stretching factor /3 was, ...
Role of the subducted slab, mantle wedge and
... low convergence velocities of 2 cmyyear (Fig. 1; Cande and Leslie l986). The AVZ is separated from the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) by a gap in active volcanism just south of the Chile Rise-Trench triple junction, below which even younger (,6 Ma) oceanic crust is being subducted. West of the ...
... low convergence velocities of 2 cmyyear (Fig. 1; Cande and Leslie l986). The AVZ is separated from the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ) by a gap in active volcanism just south of the Chile Rise-Trench triple junction, below which even younger (,6 Ma) oceanic crust is being subducted. West of the ...
tethyan evolution of turkey: a plate tectonic approach
... of the Khoura and Riou molasse basins. Although the flysch zone in the Caucasus is probably located to the south of the main PalaeoTethyan suture (Sengijr et al.. in press), we do not believe that it ever was a major ocean. Farther east, the northern boundary of the Rhodope-Pontide Fragment passes a ...
... of the Khoura and Riou molasse basins. Although the flysch zone in the Caucasus is probably located to the south of the main PalaeoTethyan suture (Sengijr et al.. in press), we do not believe that it ever was a major ocean. Farther east, the northern boundary of the Rhodope-Pontide Fragment passes a ...
Future accreted terranes: a compilation of island arcs, oceanic
... and numerical geodynamic experiments have examined the subductability of oceanic LIPs, submarine ridges, island arcs, continental submarine plateaus, and microcontinents and the effects on the subduction zone dynamics after subduction (Ellis et al., 1999; van Hunen et al., 2002; Boutelier et al., 20 ...
... and numerical geodynamic experiments have examined the subductability of oceanic LIPs, submarine ridges, island arcs, continental submarine plateaus, and microcontinents and the effects on the subduction zone dynamics after subduction (Ellis et al., 1999; van Hunen et al., 2002; Boutelier et al., 20 ...
Mantle structure and tectonic history of SE Asia
... limited period of time, of the order of 10 to 25 Ma, depending on rates of subduction. A longer subduction history may be recorded in the lower mantle. Like many other workers, but not all (e.g. Anderson, 2007; Hamilton, 2007), we consider that parts, or all, of subducted slabs often enter the lower ...
... limited period of time, of the order of 10 to 25 Ma, depending on rates of subduction. A longer subduction history may be recorded in the lower mantle. Like many other workers, but not all (e.g. Anderson, 2007; Hamilton, 2007), we consider that parts, or all, of subducted slabs often enter the lower ...
Slab pull, mantle convection, and Pangaean assembly and dispersal
... these local boundary complexities. This is consistent with the location of NW-trending high P-wave velocity anomalies beneath the Alpine^ Himalayan chain, interpreted as fossil Tethyian slabs [24]. An additional factor controlling destruction of oceans and rates of terrane accretion is the location ...
... these local boundary complexities. This is consistent with the location of NW-trending high P-wave velocity anomalies beneath the Alpine^ Himalayan chain, interpreted as fossil Tethyian slabs [24]. An additional factor controlling destruction of oceans and rates of terrane accretion is the location ...
Hafnium isotope evidence for slab melt contributions in the Central
... Urrutia-Fucugauchi, 1996; Centeno-García et al., 2008; OrtegaGutiérrez et al., 2008, 2012). Despite passage through the thick continental crust, mafic lavas with high Mg# (100 ∗ Mg / (Mg + Fe2 +)) and Ni contents are common in the CMVB, especially from cinder cones and fissure eruptions (Wallace and C ...
... Urrutia-Fucugauchi, 1996; Centeno-García et al., 2008; OrtegaGutiérrez et al., 2008, 2012). Despite passage through the thick continental crust, mafic lavas with high Mg# (100 ∗ Mg / (Mg + Fe2 +)) and Ni contents are common in the CMVB, especially from cinder cones and fissure eruptions (Wallace and C ...
Slide 1 - Global Heat Flow Database
... In the Andes region of steep subduction, HFD increases sharply to >250 mW m-2 at the volcanic front and the high HFD region extends about 200 km behind the VF. At 300 km behind the VF, HFD has declined to 60 mW m-2. HFD is relatively stable in the back arc basins as well as in Precambrian regions t ...
... In the Andes region of steep subduction, HFD increases sharply to >250 mW m-2 at the volcanic front and the high HFD region extends about 200 km behind the VF. At 300 km behind the VF, HFD has declined to 60 mW m-2. HFD is relatively stable in the back arc basins as well as in Precambrian regions t ...
42. The New England Seamounts
... sediments at Site 385 mark younger limit of age of volcanism. (7) K-Ar hornblende crystallization age for lower breccia at Site 382 (Houghton et al, this volume). (8) K-Ar whole-rock age, (9) whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar total gas age, and (10) 40ArP9Ar argon-retention age, all determined for lower breccia ...
... sediments at Site 385 mark younger limit of age of volcanism. (7) K-Ar hornblende crystallization age for lower breccia at Site 382 (Houghton et al, this volume). (8) K-Ar whole-rock age, (9) whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar total gas age, and (10) 40ArP9Ar argon-retention age, all determined for lower breccia ...
Petrology and tectonics of Phanerozoic continent formation: From
... be linked in space and time. Subduction of the Farallon plate beneath North America during the Triassic to early Cretaceous was characterized by trench retreat and slab rollback because old and cold oceanic lithosphere was being subducted. This generated an extensional subduction zone, which created ...
... be linked in space and time. Subduction of the Farallon plate beneath North America during the Triassic to early Cretaceous was characterized by trench retreat and slab rollback because old and cold oceanic lithosphere was being subducted. This generated an extensional subduction zone, which created ...
The Indonesian Sedimentologists Forum (FOSI)
... by a sea strait. By contrast Lombok is an oceanic island; it rises from the ocean floor in isolation and is not part of the continental shelf. Both Bali and Lombok are parts of Sunda inner volcanic arc, formed after the mid-Miocene (< 15 Ma). Both islands appeared above sea level during the late Mio ...
... by a sea strait. By contrast Lombok is an oceanic island; it rises from the ocean floor in isolation and is not part of the continental shelf. Both Bali and Lombok are parts of Sunda inner volcanic arc, formed after the mid-Miocene (< 15 Ma). Both islands appeared above sea level during the late Mio ...
Plate motions, Andean orogeny, and volcanism above the
... closer to ~3 1012 N m-1 (Parsons and Richter, 1980; Richardson, 1992). Ridge push therefore at most amounts to only half the force needed to support the growing Andean belt. The remaining source (~4 1012 N m-1) must therefore arise from active basal drag beneath the South American plate. ...
... closer to ~3 1012 N m-1 (Parsons and Richter, 1980; Richardson, 1992). Ridge push therefore at most amounts to only half the force needed to support the growing Andean belt. The remaining source (~4 1012 N m-1) must therefore arise from active basal drag beneath the South American plate. ...
Structure and Serpentinization of the Subducting Cocos Plate
... lithosphere will lower its mechanical strength near the trench axis [Faccenda et al., 2009]. Deeper in the subduction zone, the presence of water influences slip behavior near the plate interface [Davis et al., 1983; Moore and Saffer, 2001], and it is critically important for arc magmatism [Stolper ...
... lithosphere will lower its mechanical strength near the trench axis [Faccenda et al., 2009]. Deeper in the subduction zone, the presence of water influences slip behavior near the plate interface [Davis et al., 1983; Moore and Saffer, 2001], and it is critically important for arc magmatism [Stolper ...
Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc
The Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) arc system is an outstanding example of a plate tectonic convergent boundary. IBM extends over 2800 km south from Tokyo, Japan, to beyond Guam, and includes the Izu Islands, Bonin Islands, and Mariana Islands; much more of the IBM arc system is submerged below sealevel. The IBM arc system lies along the eastern margin of the Philippine Sea Plate in the Western Pacific Ocean. It is most famous for being the site of the deepest gash in Earth's solid surface, the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench. The IBM arc system formed as a result of subduction of the western Pacific plate. The IBM arc system now subducts mid-Jurassic to Early Cretaceous lithosphere, with younger lithosphere in the north and older lithosphere in the south, including the oldest (~170 million years old, or Ma) oceanic crust. Subduction rates vary from ~2 cm (1 inch) per year in the south to 6 cm (~2.5 inches) in the north. The volcanic islands that comprise these island arcs are thought to have been formed from the release of volatiles (steam from trapped water, and other gases) being released from the subducted plate, as it reached sufficient depth for the temperature to cause release of these materials. The associated trenches are formed as the oldest (most western) part of the Pacific plate crust increases in density with age, and because of this process finally reaches its lowest point just as it subducts under the crust to the west of it.The IBM arc system is an excellent example of an intra-oceanic convergent margin (IOCM). IOCMs are built on oceanic crust and contrast fundamentally with island arc built on continental crust, such as Japan or the Andes. Because IOCM crust is thinner, denser, and more refractory than that beneath Andean-type margins, study of IOCM melts and fluids allows more confident assessment of mantle-to-crust fluxes and processes than is possible for Andean-type convergent margins. Because IOCMs are far removed from continents they are not affected by the large volume of alluvial and glacial sediments. The consequent thin sedimentary cover makes it much easier to study arc infrastructure and determine the mass and composition of subducted sediments. Active hydrothermal systems found on the submarine parts of IOCMs give us a chance to study how many of earth's important ore deposits formed.