Analysis of the Molecular Basis of Flowering Time Variation in
... even later, suggesting that Kondara and Kz-9 FRI alleles are fully functional and confer very late flowering in the presence of the strong Col FLC allele. Given the identical amino acid sequence, it is likely that the three accessions Shakhdara, Kondara, and Kz-9 carry the same functional FRI allele ...
... even later, suggesting that Kondara and Kz-9 FRI alleles are fully functional and confer very late flowering in the presence of the strong Col FLC allele. Given the identical amino acid sequence, it is likely that the three accessions Shakhdara, Kondara, and Kz-9 carry the same functional FRI allele ...
introduction to genetic epidemiology
... The heuristic interpretation is that aggregation exists when cases of disease appear in families more often than one would expect if diseased cases were spread uniformly and randomly over individuals: “it runs in the family” Actual approaches for detecting aggregation depend on the nature of the ...
... The heuristic interpretation is that aggregation exists when cases of disease appear in families more often than one would expect if diseased cases were spread uniformly and randomly over individuals: “it runs in the family” Actual approaches for detecting aggregation depend on the nature of the ...
Hardy-Weinberg Proportions Methods Manual
... As well as individual genotype deviations from HWP, specific sets of genotypes may overall show deviations from HWP. This may occur in MSAT genotyping as a result of preferential amplification or allelic dropout (alleles that cannot be distinguished from background noise). Similarly, with null MSAT ...
... As well as individual genotype deviations from HWP, specific sets of genotypes may overall show deviations from HWP. This may occur in MSAT genotyping as a result of preferential amplification or allelic dropout (alleles that cannot be distinguished from background noise). Similarly, with null MSAT ...
Quantitative trait loci affecting amylose, amylopectin and starch
... (0–3) compared with results frequently reported in the literature may be explained by two factors: a low trait heritability, and/or the choice of a detection method which is more stringent than conventional analyses based on MAPMAKER/QTL with a LOD threshold of 2 or ANOVA with P = 0.01. In order to ...
... (0–3) compared with results frequently reported in the literature may be explained by two factors: a low trait heritability, and/or the choice of a detection method which is more stringent than conventional analyses based on MAPMAKER/QTL with a LOD threshold of 2 or ANOVA with P = 0.01. In order to ...
Rapid Diversification of RNase A Superfamily Ribonucleases from
... ribonuclease genes both within and between subclusters A and B (Fig. 2B). The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions between subclusters was unremarkable, with all values falling well below 1.0, and an average dN/dS of 0.63 ± 0.08 for the 35 pairs evaluated. In contrast, the values for d ...
... ribonuclease genes both within and between subclusters A and B (Fig. 2B). The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions between subclusters was unremarkable, with all values falling well below 1.0, and an average dN/dS of 0.63 ± 0.08 for the 35 pairs evaluated. In contrast, the values for d ...
Dissolving Dominance
... contribution from the recessive characters which, though present, are "latent" or "withdraw." The recessive characters do not just partially disappear; they "entirely disappear" (§4). For Mendel, as for others to follow, dominant characters wholly eclipse the corresponding recessive characters. "Tra ...
... contribution from the recessive characters which, though present, are "latent" or "withdraw." The recessive characters do not just partially disappear; they "entirely disappear" (§4). For Mendel, as for others to follow, dominant characters wholly eclipse the corresponding recessive characters. "Tra ...
Chapter 2. Left in the Genes - SciTech Connect
... children and their adopted parents do not show the resemblance patterns seen in biologically related pairs. This combined evidence bolsters a search for a handedness gene. However, the majority of children of all parental pairings remain right-handed, and family members can resemble each other for r ...
... children and their adopted parents do not show the resemblance patterns seen in biologically related pairs. This combined evidence bolsters a search for a handedness gene. However, the majority of children of all parental pairings remain right-handed, and family members can resemble each other for r ...
8 VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND NUMBER
... of genetic material within a single chromosome. In Figure 8.2, human chromosomes are labeled according to their normal G-banding patterns. When a deletion occurs, a segment of chromosomal material is missing. In other words, the affected chromosome is deficient in a significant amount of genetic mat ...
... of genetic material within a single chromosome. In Figure 8.2, human chromosomes are labeled according to their normal G-banding patterns. When a deletion occurs, a segment of chromosomal material is missing. In other words, the affected chromosome is deficient in a significant amount of genetic mat ...
The obstruction of adaptation in diploids by recessive deleterious
... inbreeding depression is pervasive across sexually reproducing diploids and is mainly caused by recessive deleterious variation (reviewed in ref. 14). For example, in natural populations of Drosophila, approximately 30% of chromosomes carry a recessive lethal, and chromosomes that do not carry a rec ...
... inbreeding depression is pervasive across sexually reproducing diploids and is mainly caused by recessive deleterious variation (reviewed in ref. 14). For example, in natural populations of Drosophila, approximately 30% of chromosomes carry a recessive lethal, and chromosomes that do not carry a rec ...
Analysis of CAG and CCG repeats in Huntingtin gene
... frequent in every population. The overall observed heterozygosity was 0.7; the variation across populations was 0.54 in the Tripuri (TR1) to 0.78 in the Bengali Brahmin (BR2). CAG repeat distribution in the pooled sample was positively skewed ( + 1.27). Maximum number of alleles (12) was found in th ...
... frequent in every population. The overall observed heterozygosity was 0.7; the variation across populations was 0.54 in the Tripuri (TR1) to 0.78 in the Bengali Brahmin (BR2). CAG repeat distribution in the pooled sample was positively skewed ( + 1.27). Maximum number of alleles (12) was found in th ...
THE GENETICS AND REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATING MECHANISMS
... ink in arguments among taxonomists as to whether bryonia: is a distinct species or only a subspecies of napi, without having brought about a satisfactory explanation. Even after the extensive work of MULLER and KAUTZ (1938), a turning-point in the opinions on this problem, the situation remained rat ...
... ink in arguments among taxonomists as to whether bryonia: is a distinct species or only a subspecies of napi, without having brought about a satisfactory explanation. Even after the extensive work of MULLER and KAUTZ (1938), a turning-point in the opinions on this problem, the situation remained rat ...
Educational Item Section Clinical findings in chromosome aberrations in Oncology and Haematology
... • Masking through major malformations possible. Localisation : All over the body, especially highly differentiated structures, e.g. facies, male genitalia, distal limbs. Development : • Often most impressive in early childhood. • Tendency to catch-up growth of facial structures. • In some aberration ...
... • Masking through major malformations possible. Localisation : All over the body, especially highly differentiated structures, e.g. facies, male genitalia, distal limbs. Development : • Often most impressive in early childhood. • Tendency to catch-up growth of facial structures. • In some aberration ...
Having sex, yes, but with whom? Inferences from fungi
... there are two gamete classes, each gamete can only fuse with one half of the potential gamete partners. How, then, can a system with two gamete classes arise from a system with no restrictions? And why are there thousands of gamete classes in some species while others have reverted to no size or mat ...
... there are two gamete classes, each gamete can only fuse with one half of the potential gamete partners. How, then, can a system with two gamete classes arise from a system with no restrictions? And why are there thousands of gamete classes in some species while others have reverted to no size or mat ...
Having sex, yes, but with whom? Inferences from fungi on the
... there are two gamete classes, each gamete can only fuse with one half of the potential gamete partners. How, then, can a system with two gamete classes arise from a system with no restrictions? And why are there thousands of gamete classes in some species while others have reverted to no size or mat ...
... there are two gamete classes, each gamete can only fuse with one half of the potential gamete partners. How, then, can a system with two gamete classes arise from a system with no restrictions? And why are there thousands of gamete classes in some species while others have reverted to no size or mat ...
Optimality models of phage life history and parallels in
... Optimality models constitute one of the simplest approaches to understanding phenotypic evolution. Yet they have shortcomings that are not easily evaluated in most organisms. Most importantly, the genetic basis of phenotype evolution is almost never understood, and phenotypic selection experiments a ...
... Optimality models constitute one of the simplest approaches to understanding phenotypic evolution. Yet they have shortcomings that are not easily evaluated in most organisms. Most importantly, the genetic basis of phenotype evolution is almost never understood, and phenotypic selection experiments a ...
Translation of Drug Metabolic Enzyme and Transporter (DMET) Genetic Variants into Star Allele Notation using SAS.
... Star alleles are typically a multi-locus variant known as a haplotype (haploid meaning from one chromosome vs. diploid from a pair of chromosomes). There are very powerful methods for determining haplotype pairs that are consistent with a given set of locus level genotypes (e.g. Schaid et al. (2002) ...
... Star alleles are typically a multi-locus variant known as a haplotype (haploid meaning from one chromosome vs. diploid from a pair of chromosomes). There are very powerful methods for determining haplotype pairs that are consistent with a given set of locus level genotypes (e.g. Schaid et al. (2002) ...
multicopy gene family evolution on primate y chromosomes
... Contrary to previous theories, the Y chromosome is an important determinant of male phenotype [15–17]. The Y chromosome has been found to be associated with male fertility in humans [18] and even less obvious traits like lifespan [19] and locomotive activity [20] in Drosophila species. Therefore, an ...
... Contrary to previous theories, the Y chromosome is an important determinant of male phenotype [15–17]. The Y chromosome has been found to be associated with male fertility in humans [18] and even less obvious traits like lifespan [19] and locomotive activity [20] in Drosophila species. Therefore, an ...
CFTR Mutations in Congenital Absence of Vas Deferens
... reach the apical membrane of the cell, but which result in abnormal regulatory properties of the chloride channel. Class IV mutations result in CFTR channels having abnormal conductive properties, because of mutations in the conductivity pore. Finally, class V mutations result in some functional CFT ...
... reach the apical membrane of the cell, but which result in abnormal regulatory properties of the chloride channel. Class IV mutations result in CFTR channels having abnormal conductive properties, because of mutations in the conductivity pore. Finally, class V mutations result in some functional CFT ...
Wolbachia`s Role In Classical Speciation Theory
... Mendel’s work, and the fact that Mendel’s experimental results provided strong support for Darwin’s theory was only emphasized in the 1930’s by Fisher, Haldane, Dobzhansky and other architects of the Modern Synthesis. One of its key ideas, that new ’Mendelian genes’ evolve and natural selection acts ...
... Mendel’s work, and the fact that Mendel’s experimental results provided strong support for Darwin’s theory was only emphasized in the 1930’s by Fisher, Haldane, Dobzhansky and other architects of the Modern Synthesis. One of its key ideas, that new ’Mendelian genes’ evolve and natural selection acts ...
Baldwinian Accounts of Language Evolution
... However, as intense research of this evolutionary theory goes on, certain robust difficulties have become apparent. One example is genotype-phenotype correlation. By computer simulations, both Yamauchi (1999, 2001) and Mayley (1996b) show that for the Baldwin effect to work legitimately, correlation ...
... However, as intense research of this evolutionary theory goes on, certain robust difficulties have become apparent. One example is genotype-phenotype correlation. By computer simulations, both Yamauchi (1999, 2001) and Mayley (1996b) show that for the Baldwin effect to work legitimately, correlation ...
Evolutionary dynamics of CRISPR gene drives
... Though originally proposed over a decade ago (1), the chief technical difficulty of this approach—inducing easily programmable cutting at arbitrary target sites—has only recently been overcome by the discovery and development of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system (23– 27). Briefly, Cas9 is an end ...
... Though originally proposed over a decade ago (1), the chief technical difficulty of this approach—inducing easily programmable cutting at arbitrary target sites—has only recently been overcome by the discovery and development of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system (23– 27). Briefly, Cas9 is an end ...
Complex Heterozygosity Screening with Actin Alanine Scan Alleles
... interactions with 32 actin alanine scan alleles, which target clusters of residues on the surface of actin. A total of 891 deleterious digenic combinations were identified with 203 of the 238 genes. Two-dimensional hierarchical cluster analysis of the interactions identified nine distinct groups, and ...
... interactions with 32 actin alanine scan alleles, which target clusters of residues on the surface of actin. A total of 891 deleterious digenic combinations were identified with 203 of the 238 genes. Two-dimensional hierarchical cluster analysis of the interactions identified nine distinct groups, and ...
1 Dominance Genetic Variance for Traits Under Directional
... In contrast to our growing understanding for patterns of additive genetic variance in single and multi-trait combinations, the relative contribution of non-additive genetic variance, particularly dominance variance, to multivariate phenotypes is largely unknown. While mechanisms for the evolution of ...
... In contrast to our growing understanding for patterns of additive genetic variance in single and multi-trait combinations, the relative contribution of non-additive genetic variance, particularly dominance variance, to multivariate phenotypes is largely unknown. While mechanisms for the evolution of ...
Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology is said to occur when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species—in other words, the occurrence of more than one form or morph. In order to be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating).Polymorphism as described here involves morphs of the phenotype. The term is also used somewhat differently by molecular biologists to describe certain point mutations in the genotype, such as SNPs (see also RFLPs). This usage is not discussed in this article.Polymorphism is common in nature; it is related to biodiversity, genetic variation and adaptation; it usually functions to retain variety of form in a population living in a varied environment. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms. Other examples are mimetic forms of butterflies (see mimicry), and human hemoglobin and blood types.According to the theory of evolution, polymorphism results from evolutionary processes, as does any aspect of a species. It is heritable and is modified by natural selection. In polyphenism, an individual's genetic make-up allows for different morphs, and the switch mechanism that determines which morph is shown is environmental. In genetic polymorphism, the genetic make-up determines the morph. Ants exhibit both types in a single population.Polymorphism also refers to the occurrence of structurally and functionally more than two different types of individuals, called zooids within the same organism. It is a characteristic feature of Cnidarians.For example, in Obelia there are feeding individuals, the gastrozooids; the individuals capable of asexual reproduction only, the gonozooids, blastostyles and free-living or sexually reproducing individuals, the medusae.