Malignant Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity
... anterior boundary of the oral vestibule. The lip includes only the vermilion surface, or that portion of the lip that comes into contact with the opposing lip. Lip musculature is derived from the second branchial arch, which migrates to the facial processes. The orbicular mouth muscle is the sphinct ...
... anterior boundary of the oral vestibule. The lip includes only the vermilion surface, or that portion of the lip that comes into contact with the opposing lip. Lip musculature is derived from the second branchial arch, which migrates to the facial processes. The orbicular mouth muscle is the sphinct ...
27 Sacrectomy
... excision. Frequently, tumors in this anatomic location are of low grade biologically and therefore unlikely to result in metastatic disease; yet they may be locally persistent. The problem of local control may be made worse by tumor spill resulting from biopsy or incomplete excision by an inexperien ...
... excision. Frequently, tumors in this anatomic location are of low grade biologically and therefore unlikely to result in metastatic disease; yet they may be locally persistent. The problem of local control may be made worse by tumor spill resulting from biopsy or incomplete excision by an inexperien ...
NSC 201 - National Open University of Nigeria
... 201 – Human Anatomy II. This is a second year course and a continuation of Human Anatomy I (NSC 102) where you have increased/improved your knowlegde about the basic body structures and their organizations. You also covered the protective covering of all the body organs as well as the supporting sys ...
... 201 – Human Anatomy II. This is a second year course and a continuation of Human Anatomy I (NSC 102) where you have increased/improved your knowlegde about the basic body structures and their organizations. You also covered the protective covering of all the body organs as well as the supporting sys ...
Introduction to Human Anatomy
... Somatic cells are diverse cells which make up somatic structure of body. ...
... Somatic cells are diverse cells which make up somatic structure of body. ...
Stomach and duodenum
... clear that acid is important aetiological factor, but this is not the case in the majority of patients. As with many diseases, genetic factors may be involved to a limited degree and social stress. It is now widely accepted that infection with H. pylori is the most important factor in the developmen ...
... clear that acid is important aetiological factor, but this is not the case in the majority of patients. As with many diseases, genetic factors may be involved to a limited degree and social stress. It is now widely accepted that infection with H. pylori is the most important factor in the developmen ...
T2WI - Rackcdn.com
... Well defined mass to diffusely infiltrative Hyper dense on CT Homogenous on MRI: hyper intense on T1WI, hypo intense on T2WI, hyper intense on DWI, homogenously enhanced with contrast media ...
... Well defined mass to diffusely infiltrative Hyper dense on CT Homogenous on MRI: hyper intense on T1WI, hypo intense on T2WI, hyper intense on DWI, homogenously enhanced with contrast media ...
Developmental Anatomy of the Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature
... lies in a single plane below Bruch’s membrane. Normal choroidal circulation occurs when both choroidal arterial and venous pressures are above 15–20 mm of Hg, which is the normal physiological intraocular pressure. In addition, since the blood flow rate through the choroid is relatively high compare ...
... lies in a single plane below Bruch’s membrane. Normal choroidal circulation occurs when both choroidal arterial and venous pressures are above 15–20 mm of Hg, which is the normal physiological intraocular pressure. In addition, since the blood flow rate through the choroid is relatively high compare ...
also see p. Onc38 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... encased vessels: if not circular, vessel is not invaded; if circular, vessel wall may be invaded (esp. if lumen is abnormal on MRI flow voids). malignant potential is extremely rare (features as clear signs of malignancy: cortical invasion by tumor and distal metastasis). immunohistologic stains for ...
... encased vessels: if not circular, vessel is not invaded; if circular, vessel wall may be invaded (esp. if lumen is abnormal on MRI flow voids). malignant potential is extremely rare (features as clear signs of malignancy: cortical invasion by tumor and distal metastasis). immunohistologic stains for ...
腔镜下皮下腺体切除、腋窝淋巴结清扫加假体植入术与传统保乳手术
... cases of central cancer, the distance between tumor and areola was much shorter than that in BCS group, but no cancer infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue over tumor were found by intraoperative FSA, and no cancer recurrence or metastasis were observed during the follow-up period. Therefore, cent ...
... cases of central cancer, the distance between tumor and areola was much shorter than that in BCS group, but no cancer infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue over tumor were found by intraoperative FSA, and no cancer recurrence or metastasis were observed during the follow-up period. Therefore, cent ...
Marginal zone cells-the primitive streak
... PS stages is obviously based on the normal development of the same stages (Modak, 1966; Vakaet, 1967) where the cells of the definitive endoblast or the secondary hypoblast which will form the intestinal tract of the chick invaginate from the streak, invade the primary hypoblast and gradually push i ...
... PS stages is obviously based on the normal development of the same stages (Modak, 1966; Vakaet, 1967) where the cells of the definitive endoblast or the secondary hypoblast which will form the intestinal tract of the chick invaginate from the streak, invade the primary hypoblast and gradually push i ...
The ethmoid bone: clinical imaging anatomy from an embryological
... to any names, marks, products, or services of third parties or hypertext links to thirdparty sites or information are provided solely as a convenience to you and do not in any way constitute or imply ECR's endorsement, sponsorship or recommendation of the third party, information, product or service ...
... to any names, marks, products, or services of third parties or hypertext links to thirdparty sites or information are provided solely as a convenience to you and do not in any way constitute or imply ECR's endorsement, sponsorship or recommendation of the third party, information, product or service ...
PI-RADS v2 Lexicon - American College of Radiology
... Lesion identified on MRI with the highest PIRADS Assessment Category. If the highest PIRADS Assessment Category is assigned to two or more lesions, the index lesion should be one that shows EPE or is largest. Also known as dominant lesion ...
... Lesion identified on MRI with the highest PIRADS Assessment Category. If the highest PIRADS Assessment Category is assigned to two or more lesions, the index lesion should be one that shows EPE or is largest. Also known as dominant lesion ...
Blood and Blood Vessels
... with longitudinal collagen and elastic fibers) Large veins (superior and inferior venae cavae and tributaries ...
... with longitudinal collagen and elastic fibers) Large veins (superior and inferior venae cavae and tributaries ...
CT and Angiography of Primary Extradural Juxtasellar Tumors
... paucity of information in the literature concerning less common extradural juxtasellar tumors. We review our experience with some of the less common tumors of this area with special attention to radiologic differential diagnosis. Materials and Methods Fifteen histologically proven primary extradural ...
... paucity of information in the literature concerning less common extradural juxtasellar tumors. We review our experience with some of the less common tumors of this area with special attention to radiologic differential diagnosis. Materials and Methods Fifteen histologically proven primary extradural ...
Arteries
... blood, and list the composition of each. c. During an infection, which components of blood would be elevated? ...
... blood, and list the composition of each. c. During an infection, which components of blood would be elevated? ...
Chapter 24: The Digestive System The Digestive System: An
... easier to propel along the digestive tract. It also increases their surface area, making them more susceptible to enzymatic attack. o Digestion refers to the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments suitable for absorption by the digestive epithelium. Simple molecules in food, such as ...
... easier to propel along the digestive tract. It also increases their surface area, making them more susceptible to enzymatic attack. o Digestion refers to the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments suitable for absorption by the digestive epithelium. Simple molecules in food, such as ...
detailed lecture outline
... All living organisms must obtain nutrients from their environment to sustain life. These substances are used as raw materials for synthesizing essential compounds (anabolism) or are decomposed to provide energy that cells need to continue functioning (catabolism). The catabolic reactions require t ...
... All living organisms must obtain nutrients from their environment to sustain life. These substances are used as raw materials for synthesizing essential compounds (anabolism) or are decomposed to provide energy that cells need to continue functioning (catabolism). The catabolic reactions require t ...
Embryology Review (from Ida) - U
... Describe the Tetralogy of Fallot. 5 : VSD, PDA, RV hypertrophy, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta What is the Ebstein anomaly and what causes it? Lithium causes a misplaced tricuspid valve What are common symptoms in a newborn with a heart defect? Fatigue, failure to thrive, possible c ...
... Describe the Tetralogy of Fallot. 5 : VSD, PDA, RV hypertrophy, pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta What is the Ebstein anomaly and what causes it? Lithium causes a misplaced tricuspid valve What are common symptoms in a newborn with a heart defect? Fatigue, failure to thrive, possible c ...
Expression of axial and sonic hedgehog in wildtype and midline
... The complex organization of the vertebrate body is established during embryogenesis by a series of embryonic inductions (for review see Slack, 1991). One of the best characterized examples of such a process is the induction of floor plate differentiation in the ventral neural tube by the underlying ...
... The complex organization of the vertebrate body is established during embryogenesis by a series of embryonic inductions (for review see Slack, 1991). One of the best characterized examples of such a process is the induction of floor plate differentiation in the ventral neural tube by the underlying ...
Slide 1
... a septum across the female pelvis, dividing that cavity into two portions. In the anterior part is contained the bladder; in the posterior part the rectum, and in certain conditions some coils of the small intestine and a part of the sigmoid colon. Between the two layers of each broad ligament are c ...
... a septum across the female pelvis, dividing that cavity into two portions. In the anterior part is contained the bladder; in the posterior part the rectum, and in certain conditions some coils of the small intestine and a part of the sigmoid colon. Between the two layers of each broad ligament are c ...
the reproductive system
... Male External Genitalia • Penis internal anatomy – 3 erectile bodies • 1 corpus spongiosum – Surrounds spongy urethra ...
... Male External Genitalia • Penis internal anatomy – 3 erectile bodies • 1 corpus spongiosum – Surrounds spongy urethra ...
Paranasal Sinus Anatomy
... Type IIA—Removal of ethmoid cells projecting into the frontal sinus; IIB—Removal of frontal sinus floor from the lamina papyracea to the nasal septum Type III—removal of bilateral floor with superior nasal septum and intersinus septum (EMLP) ...
... Type IIA—Removal of ethmoid cells projecting into the frontal sinus; IIB—Removal of frontal sinus floor from the lamina papyracea to the nasal septum Type III—removal of bilateral floor with superior nasal septum and intersinus septum (EMLP) ...
Topography and Structure of Corpus striatum in Insectívora
... band of cells sharply delineated from the globus pallidus which lies in the middle part of St. The anterior pole of the St lies about 600 (am posteriorly to the anterior end of the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle. The posterior pole lies about 300 ¡.tm from the posterior end of the nucleus amy ...
... band of cells sharply delineated from the globus pallidus which lies in the middle part of St. The anterior pole of the St lies about 600 (am posteriorly to the anterior end of the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle. The posterior pole lies about 300 ¡.tm from the posterior end of the nucleus amy ...
Anatomy – Test 2 (Part 1)
... Branches of external iliac – inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac artery Branches of femoral – superficial epigastric artery, superior circumflex iliac artery External iliac becomes femoral artery as it passes the inguinal ligament Note – venous drainage matches arterial supply Clini ...
... Branches of external iliac – inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac artery Branches of femoral – superficial epigastric artery, superior circumflex iliac artery External iliac becomes femoral artery as it passes the inguinal ligament Note – venous drainage matches arterial supply Clini ...
Circulating tumor cell
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that have shed into the vasculature from a primary tumor and circulate in the bloodstream. CTCs thus constitute seeds for subsequent growth of additional tumors (metastasis) in vital distant organs, triggering a mechanism that is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths.CTCs were observed for the first time in 1869 in the blood of a man with metastatic cancer by Thomas Ashworth, who postulated that “cells identical with those of the cancer itself being seen in the blood may tend to throw some light upon the mode of origin of multiple tumours existing in the same person”. A thorough comparison of the morphology of the circulating cells to tumor cells from different lesions led Ashworth to conclude that “One thing is certain, that if they [CTC] came from an existing cancer structure, they must have passed through the greater part of the circulatory system to have arrived at the internal saphena vein of the sound leg”.The importance of CTC's in modern cancer research began in the mid 1990's with the demonstration [J. Uhr, UT-Dallas, L. Terstappen and P. Liberti, Immunicon, Philadelphia] that CTC's exist early on in the course of the disease. Those results were made possible by exquisitely sensitive magnetic separation technology employing Ferrofluids (colloidal magnetic nanoparticles) and high gradient magnetic separators invented by Liberti at Immunicon and motivated by theoretical calculations by Liberti and Terstappen that indicated very small tumors shedding cells at less than 1.0 % per day should result in detectable cells in blood. A variety of other technologies have been applied to CTC enumeration and identification since that time.Modern cancer research has demonstrated that CTCs derive from clones in the primary tumor, validating Ashworth's remarks. The significant efforts put into understanding the CTCs biological properties have demonstrated the critical role circulating tumor cells play in the metastatic spread of carcinoma.Furthermore, highly sensitive, single-cell analysis demonstrated a high level of heterogeneity seen at the single cell level for both protein expression and protein localization and the CTCs reflected both the primary biopsy and the changes seen in the metastatic sites. Tissue biopsies are poor diagnostic procedures: they are invasive, cannot be used repeatedly, and are ineffective in understanding metastatic risk, disease progression, and treatment effectiveness. CTCs thus could be considered a “liquid biopsy” which reveals metastasis in action, providing live information about the patient’s disease status. Analysis of blood samples found a propensity for increased CTC detection as the disease progressed in individual patients. Blood tests are easy and safe to perform and multiple samples can be taken over time. By contrast, analysis of solid tumors necessitates invasive procedures that might limit patient compliance. The ability to monitor disease progression over time could facilitate appropriate modification to a patient's therapy, potentially improving their prognosis and quality of life.To this end, technologies with the requisite sensitivity and reproducibility to detect CTCs in patients with metastatic disease have recently been developed.