A Testable Five-Year Forecast of Moderate and Large Earthquakes
... for ri < 200 km and 0 otherwise. Here A is a normalization constant assuring that the integral of f over space is unity, ri is epicentral distance, d is a smoothing distance, δ is a parameter indicating the degree of azimuthal concentration, and ψ i measures the orientation of the map point relative ...
... for ri < 200 km and 0 otherwise. Here A is a normalization constant assuring that the integral of f over space is unity, ri is epicentral distance, d is a smoothing distance, δ is a parameter indicating the degree of azimuthal concentration, and ψ i measures the orientation of the map point relative ...
Repairing and rebuilding houses affected by the Canterbury
... on the Port Hills. Significant shaking damage was also observed in the hill suburbs. Other significant aftershocks, most notably on 13 June 2011 and 23 December 2011, again caused liquefaction in the low-lying areas worst affected in the 4 September 2010 and 22 February 2011 events, and further shak ...
... on the Port Hills. Significant shaking damage was also observed in the hill suburbs. Other significant aftershocks, most notably on 13 June 2011 and 23 December 2011, again caused liquefaction in the low-lying areas worst affected in the 4 September 2010 and 22 February 2011 events, and further shak ...
1.0 Introduction Approximately 19% of the Earth`s land area and
... Information on other factors which may affect the number of fatalities due to earthquakes or earthquake-andlandslides was compiled from various sources (Table 1) and projected into a GIS environment as a set of global maps. The covariates were chosen based on several factors including (i) typical co ...
... Information on other factors which may affect the number of fatalities due to earthquakes or earthquake-andlandslides was compiled from various sources (Table 1) and projected into a GIS environment as a set of global maps. The covariates were chosen based on several factors including (i) typical co ...
Post-earthquake ignition vulnerability assessment of
... different fires from a central fire department prevents all of them from responding to the same fire and optimizes time efficiency. The most common FFEs are caused by the restoration of an electricity supply in red-tagged buildings, which are unsafe and where nobody is allowed to enter. If there is ...
... different fires from a central fire department prevents all of them from responding to the same fire and optimizes time efficiency. The most common FFEs are caused by the restoration of an electricity supply in red-tagged buildings, which are unsafe and where nobody is allowed to enter. If there is ...
A SEMI-MARKOV MODEL FOR CHARACTERIZING RECURRENCE
... The model described above can be applied to any area subject to great earthquakes. In this paper, the model was applied to extensive areas of the circum-Pacific belt (see Figure 2) in which the primary process of occurrence of great earthquakes is one of subduction and which have a fairly complete r ...
... The model described above can be applied to any area subject to great earthquakes. In this paper, the model was applied to extensive areas of the circum-Pacific belt (see Figure 2) in which the primary process of occurrence of great earthquakes is one of subduction and which have a fairly complete r ...
Repeating earthquakes and quasi-static slip on the plate boundary east... northern Honshu, Japan Toru Matsuzawa , Naoki Uchida
... at the asperity. Nonetheless, the repeating earthquake data is one of the important tools at present for estimating the quasistatic slip distribution. In this study, we estimated the quasi-static slip variation on the plate boundary east off northern Honshu during an earthquake swarm using the small ...
... at the asperity. Nonetheless, the repeating earthquake data is one of the important tools at present for estimating the quasistatic slip distribution. In this study, we estimated the quasi-static slip variation on the plate boundary east off northern Honshu during an earthquake swarm using the small ...
a testable five-year forecast of moderate and large earthquakes in
... multiple rectangular dislocation patches (see Figure 2 in Kagan et al., 2005). For this forecast project we represent each of the patches by a point source at its center. The estimated rate density depends linearly on the magnitude of past earthquakes and inversely as epicentral distance out to a fe ...
... multiple rectangular dislocation patches (see Figure 2 in Kagan et al., 2005). For this forecast project we represent each of the patches by a point source at its center. The estimated rate density depends linearly on the magnitude of past earthquakes and inversely as epicentral distance out to a fe ...
Seismic intensity map and typical structural damage of 2010 Ms 7.1
... narrow valleys of these two rivers, Jiegu Town exhibits a T-shaped urban plan, as shown in Fig. 4a. Because of the high population and the considerable number of non-engineered buildings, the damage in this town was more severe than that in other locations. The damage to the southwestern and souther ...
... narrow valleys of these two rivers, Jiegu Town exhibits a T-shaped urban plan, as shown in Fig. 4a. Because of the high population and the considerable number of non-engineered buildings, the damage in this town was more severe than that in other locations. The damage to the southwestern and souther ...
Report of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake
... By April 27th, 49 fatalities had been reported (mostly by house collapse and debris bury) with 1 missing, and 1500 injured (many serious). Refugees numbered more than 160,000. In total, more than 26,000 houses and buildings collapsed including 15,000 total failures (those numbers are likely to incr ...
... By April 27th, 49 fatalities had been reported (mostly by house collapse and debris bury) with 1 missing, and 1500 injured (many serious). Refugees numbered more than 160,000. In total, more than 26,000 houses and buildings collapsed including 15,000 total failures (those numbers are likely to incr ...
Supplementary information
... permanent strain in the form of fault displacement, resulting in an elastic strain decrease (Figure 4C) and total fault displacement increase (Figure 4D). The time encompassing the coseismic, postseismic, and interseismic intervals between successive earthquakes is termed the earthquake cycle and it ...
... permanent strain in the form of fault displacement, resulting in an elastic strain decrease (Figure 4C) and total fault displacement increase (Figure 4D). The time encompassing the coseismic, postseismic, and interseismic intervals between successive earthquakes is termed the earthquake cycle and it ...
Chapter 8 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
... The intense vibrations of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake lasted about 40 seconds. Although most of the displacement along the fault occurred in this rather short period, additional movements along this and other nearby faults continued for several days following the main quake. The adjustments th ...
... The intense vibrations of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake lasted about 40 seconds. Although most of the displacement along the fault occurred in this rather short period, additional movements along this and other nearby faults continued for several days following the main quake. The adjustments th ...
earthquakes and earth`s interior
... rocks bend and store elastic energy, much like a wooden stick does if bent. Eventually, the frictional resistance holding the rocks together is overcome. As slippage occurs at the weakest point (the focus), displacement exerts stress farther along the fault, where additional slippage occurs (Figure ...
... rocks bend and store elastic energy, much like a wooden stick does if bent. Eventually, the frictional resistance holding the rocks together is overcome. As slippage occurs at the weakest point (the focus), displacement exerts stress farther along the fault, where additional slippage occurs (Figure ...
McConnell_1e_PPT_Ch05
... Suppose you were near an epicenter of an earthquake and felt the earth move as if you were in the ocean. What type of seismic wave would you have experienced? ...
... Suppose you were near an epicenter of an earthquake and felt the earth move as if you were in the ocean. What type of seismic wave would you have experienced? ...
Tsunami hazards along Chinese coast from
... the South China Sea area. Tsunami earthquakes take place most likely in trench regions with a large tectonic movement and young folded crustal belts (Fukao, 1979). The South China Sea with the adjacent Philippine Sea plate bordered by the Manila Trench is an excellent candidate for such devastating ...
... the South China Sea area. Tsunami earthquakes take place most likely in trench regions with a large tectonic movement and young folded crustal belts (Fukao, 1979). The South China Sea with the adjacent Philippine Sea plate bordered by the Manila Trench is an excellent candidate for such devastating ...
8.1 What Is an Earthquake?
... Cause of Earthquakes Before the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the actual causes and effects of earthquakes were not understood. The San Fransisco earthquake caused horizontal shifts in Earth’s surface of several meters along the northern portion of the San Andreas Fault. The 1300-kilometer Sa ...
... Cause of Earthquakes Before the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the actual causes and effects of earthquakes were not understood. The San Fransisco earthquake caused horizontal shifts in Earth’s surface of several meters along the northern portion of the San Andreas Fault. The 1300-kilometer Sa ...
chapter 3 - Geophile.net
... * Many have overhanging brick parapets (brick roof overhangs) that break off and fall, crushing anything below. 40. If you were sitting in a parked car next to an old brick building in Boston, St. Louis, or Seattle, what would you do if an earthquake begins shaking violently – and why? Assume that y ...
... * Many have overhanging brick parapets (brick roof overhangs) that break off and fall, crushing anything below. 40. If you were sitting in a parked car next to an old brick building in Boston, St. Louis, or Seattle, what would you do if an earthquake begins shaking violently – and why? Assume that y ...
Introduction to Earthquakes
... USGS to monitor fault creep on the Hayward fault. Fault creep is generally not as catastrophic as earthquakes, however, structures that straddle a fault such as buildings and bridges may be sheared (ripped apart) by these forces. The old city hall in Hayward is an example of a building that has been ...
... USGS to monitor fault creep on the Hayward fault. Fault creep is generally not as catastrophic as earthquakes, however, structures that straddle a fault such as buildings and bridges may be sheared (ripped apart) by these forces. The old city hall in Hayward is an example of a building that has been ...
Probability of a great earthquake to recur in the Tokai
... associated with faulting can best be obtained from an analysis of seismological data, such an approach is not possible for historical earthquakes. The writer thinks, therefore, that it is better to rely on seismic slip data obtained from the tsunami study (Aida, 1979, 1981a,b). It is believed that t ...
... associated with faulting can best be obtained from an analysis of seismological data, such an approach is not possible for historical earthquakes. The writer thinks, therefore, that it is better to rely on seismic slip data obtained from the tsunami study (Aida, 1979, 1981a,b). It is believed that t ...
BAM EARTHQUAKE, IRAN: LESSONS ON THE SEISMIC
... • Adobe buildings: built from adobe materials and unfired mud bricks. Most with a vaulted roof system. • Masonry buildings: built from fired bricks or concrete blockwork as the main load bearing system and normally combined with a jack-arch roof system. • Steel structures: Typical construction inclu ...
... • Adobe buildings: built from adobe materials and unfired mud bricks. Most with a vaulted roof system. • Masonry buildings: built from fired bricks or concrete blockwork as the main load bearing system and normally combined with a jack-arch roof system. • Steel structures: Typical construction inclu ...
Earthquake Risk Assessment of Quetta
... earthquakes recorded very close to the city. The vital role of the city in the cultural and economical life of the region combined with the region’s active seismicity stipulates the need for a reliable earthquake damage and loss assessment of the city. The present report summarizes the damage and lo ...
... earthquakes recorded very close to the city. The vital role of the city in the cultural and economical life of the region combined with the region’s active seismicity stipulates the need for a reliable earthquake damage and loss assessment of the city. The present report summarizes the damage and lo ...
Seismic interaction and delayed triggering along the North Anatolian
... delayed in time. This delayed response differs from almost all other reported observations of remote triggering, which show an activation either synchronized with the passage of the seismic waves or occurring soon after. All reported observations of immediate triggering, however, are restricted to s ...
... delayed in time. This delayed response differs from almost all other reported observations of remote triggering, which show an activation either synchronized with the passage of the seismic waves or occurring soon after. All reported observations of immediate triggering, however, are restricted to s ...
Predicting and Monitoring Ground Motions Induced by Hydraulic
... For a chosen ground-motion parameter and for a given target region of application, there are essentially two ways that a GMPE can be developed: empirical and stochastic. An empirical model means that is derived from observations, in this case recorded values of the ground-motion parameter. The firs ...
... For a chosen ground-motion parameter and for a given target region of application, there are essentially two ways that a GMPE can be developed: empirical and stochastic. An empirical model means that is derived from observations, in this case recorded values of the ground-motion parameter. The firs ...
Background information for some of the proposed earthquake
... behaviour, and damaging themselves and other building components, including the structure, as the building displaces in an earthquake. A common and classic example is infill walls that are not full height between columns and thus create “short” columns. This has been a common source of damage and co ...
... behaviour, and damaging themselves and other building components, including the structure, as the building displaces in an earthquake. A common and classic example is infill walls that are not full height between columns and thus create “short” columns. This has been a common source of damage and co ...
Plate-wide deformation before the Sumatra
... sensitive to crack density but crack density is not directly related to increases of stress (CRAMPIN 1999). The effects of the shear-wave window and Band directions are specified more fully in Appendix A. Swarms of small earthquakes in the shear-wave windows of seismic recording networks can be used ...
... sensitive to crack density but crack density is not directly related to increases of stress (CRAMPIN 1999). The effects of the shear-wave window and Band directions are specified more fully in Appendix A. Swarms of small earthquakes in the shear-wave windows of seismic recording networks can be used ...
1908 Messina earthquake
The 1908 Messina earthquake (also known as the 1908 Messina and Reggio earthquake) occurred on December 28 in Sicily and Calabria, southern Italy with a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of XI (Extreme). The cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria were almost completely destroyed and between 75,000 and 200,000 lives were lost.