OBSERVED BEHAVIOR OF SEISMICALLY ISOLATED BUILDINGS
... are discussed in detail here to illustrate the variability in isolated building response for weak and moderate intensity ground shaking. Results for other earthquakes are reviewed briefly and are consistent with the trends from the two selected events. Displacements recorded at the roof, basement le ...
... are discussed in detail here to illustrate the variability in isolated building response for weak and moderate intensity ground shaking. Results for other earthquakes are reviewed briefly and are consistent with the trends from the two selected events. Displacements recorded at the roof, basement le ...
Earthquake forecasting and its verification
... seismographic areas. About a million magnitude two earthquakes occur each year on our planet. In southern California about a thousand magnitude two earthquakes occur each year. Except for the aftershocks of large earthquakes, such as the 1992 M=7.3 Landers earthquake, this seismic activity is essent ...
... seismographic areas. About a million magnitude two earthquakes occur each year on our planet. In southern California about a thousand magnitude two earthquakes occur each year. Except for the aftershocks of large earthquakes, such as the 1992 M=7.3 Landers earthquake, this seismic activity is essent ...
Case study on the expected seismic losses of soft and weak
... As a result of the failure the damaged body become totally independent from the rest of the building, having the upper structure virtually undeformed. The ground floor and the 1st floor of this independent part had sunk in the basement. This dislocation and collapse has been generated by the failure ...
... As a result of the failure the damaged body become totally independent from the rest of the building, having the upper structure virtually undeformed. The ground floor and the 1st floor of this independent part had sunk in the basement. This dislocation and collapse has been generated by the failure ...
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis
... a structure. Additionally, PSHA allows for a clearer understanding of seismic hazard itself, in particular, insight into the relationship between different source and site characteristics and resulting ground motion parameters, an understanding that plays a pivotal role in determining appropriate de ...
... a structure. Additionally, PSHA allows for a clearer understanding of seismic hazard itself, in particular, insight into the relationship between different source and site characteristics and resulting ground motion parameters, an understanding that plays a pivotal role in determining appropriate de ...
Relocation of large intermediate-depth earthquakes in the Vrancea
... predominant focal mechanism is of a thrust type with a NWSE compressional axis. Since no plate boundary is present, a paleo-subduction is assumed in the zone (e.g. Fuchs et al., 1979; Wortel and Spakman, 2000; Sperner et al., 2004). According to the Romanian earthquake catalog ROMPLUS (Oncescu et al ...
... predominant focal mechanism is of a thrust type with a NWSE compressional axis. Since no plate boundary is present, a paleo-subduction is assumed in the zone (e.g. Fuchs et al., 1979; Wortel and Spakman, 2000; Sperner et al., 2004). According to the Romanian earthquake catalog ROMPLUS (Oncescu et al ...
Creeping along the Ismetpasa section of the North Anatolian fault
... triple junction in the east, to the Sea of Marmara region, in the west. The creeping section of the NAF at Ismetpasa ruptured with surface breaks twice within 7 years; first in the M = 7.3 1944 BoluGerede earthquake and later in the M = 6.9 1951 Kurşunlu earthquake [7,17,18]. According to Ambraseys ...
... triple junction in the east, to the Sea of Marmara region, in the west. The creeping section of the NAF at Ismetpasa ruptured with surface breaks twice within 7 years; first in the M = 7.3 1944 BoluGerede earthquake and later in the M = 6.9 1951 Kurşunlu earthquake [7,17,18]. According to Ambraseys ...
Benefit in the wake of disaster: Long
... effects on individual welfare of those disaster-related physical destructions remain poorly understood. Indeed, more attention has been devoted to the smaller number of extreme disasters that affect the stock of human capital by taking large death toll, causing injuries, or preventing households to ...
... effects on individual welfare of those disaster-related physical destructions remain poorly understood. Indeed, more attention has been devoted to the smaller number of extreme disasters that affect the stock of human capital by taking large death toll, causing injuries, or preventing households to ...
? AN EVALUATION OF CHINESE ANNUAL
... make decisions on mitigation actions. Details of Chinese earthquake predictions can be found in Mei et al. (1993) and SSB (1996). Chinese earthquake predictions are usually made in progressive steps of long-term. medium-term, and short-term (or imminent) predictions. Typical medium-term predictions ...
... make decisions on mitigation actions. Details of Chinese earthquake predictions can be found in Mei et al. (1993) and SSB (1996). Chinese earthquake predictions are usually made in progressive steps of long-term. medium-term, and short-term (or imminent) predictions. Typical medium-term predictions ...
Seismic vulnerability of the Himalayan half-dressed rubble
... model, develop damage scale towards deformation-based assessment and retrieve the lateral force-deformation response of the model besides its elastic dynamic properties, i.e. fundamental vibration period and elastic damping. The analytical study included fragility analysis of building prototypes usi ...
... model, develop damage scale towards deformation-based assessment and retrieve the lateral force-deformation response of the model besides its elastic dynamic properties, i.e. fundamental vibration period and elastic damping. The analytical study included fragility analysis of building prototypes usi ...
MEASUREMENT OF SOLUBLE RADON IN JOOSHAN SPA (SE OF
... the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone [14]. The convergence of this collision zone is mix of Africa-Eurasia and Arabia-Eurasia motions to be N-S in east and southeast of Iran with rate of approximately 30 [mm/year] at 50°E and 40 [mm/year] at 60°E [11]. All active deformations and tectonic movements are ...
... the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone [14]. The convergence of this collision zone is mix of Africa-Eurasia and Arabia-Eurasia motions to be N-S in east and southeast of Iran with rate of approximately 30 [mm/year] at 50°E and 40 [mm/year] at 60°E [11]. All active deformations and tectonic movements are ...
evaluation of ground motion intensities from induced earthquakes
... Hence, the notable deviations of our model from AWW14 do not threaten its validity within the context of this study and we can use our model to draw conclusions about the data of interest. It appears from Fig.2 above that intensity associated with potentially induced earthquakes is similar to or pot ...
... Hence, the notable deviations of our model from AWW14 do not threaten its validity within the context of this study and we can use our model to draw conclusions about the data of interest. It appears from Fig.2 above that intensity associated with potentially induced earthquakes is similar to or pot ...
Earthquake Energy Release Mechanism
... Pangaea, Pangæa, or Pangea, was the supercontinent that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras about 250 million years ago, before the component continents were separated into their current configuration. _________________ ...
... Pangaea, Pangæa, or Pangea, was the supercontinent that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras about 250 million years ago, before the component continents were separated into their current configuration. _________________ ...
Inferring fault strength from earthquake rupture properties and the tectonic
... explanation for this behavior can be argued as follows. Consider a rupture that has saturated at the seismogenic width and is constrained to propagate along strike only. As the rupture arrives at an un-slipped section, the slip associated with the initial stress drop at the rupture front determines ...
... explanation for this behavior can be argued as follows. Consider a rupture that has saturated at the seismogenic width and is constrained to propagate along strike only. As the rupture arrives at an un-slipped section, the slip associated with the initial stress drop at the rupture front determines ...
How might infinitesimal strain analysis be used as a
... some permanent deformation of the overriding plate. Based on your strain calculations, what sort of motion do you expect on the orange faults along the northern margin of the Olympic Peninsula (reverse, normal, left lateral, right lateral, or some combination of these [i.e., oblique slip—specify a c ...
... some permanent deformation of the overriding plate. Based on your strain calculations, what sort of motion do you expect on the orange faults along the northern margin of the Olympic Peninsula (reverse, normal, left lateral, right lateral, or some combination of these [i.e., oblique slip—specify a c ...
How might infinitesimal strain analysis be used as a component of
... including regional tectonics (Fig. OP.1) and active faults (Fig. OP.2). You may find the document Explanation of calculator output and the Strain Ellipse Visualization to be helpful in your interpretation. In order to get the Visualization tool working, download “Wolfram CDF Player” (http://www.wolf ...
... including regional tectonics (Fig. OP.1) and active faults (Fig. OP.2). You may find the document Explanation of calculator output and the Strain Ellipse Visualization to be helpful in your interpretation. In order to get the Visualization tool working, download “Wolfram CDF Player” (http://www.wolf ...
Climate change and Urban Vulnerability in Africa
... The scale quantifies the effects of an earthquake on the Earth's surface, humans, objects of nature, and man-made structures on a scale from I (not felt) to XII (total destruction). Values depend upon the distance to the earthquake, with the highest intensities being around the epicentral area. Data ...
... The scale quantifies the effects of an earthquake on the Earth's surface, humans, objects of nature, and man-made structures on a scale from I (not felt) to XII (total destruction). Values depend upon the distance to the earthquake, with the highest intensities being around the epicentral area. Data ...
Time-dependent analysis of aftershock events and structural impacts
... 41.90◦ E-44.03◦ E) was monitored by 19 stations; 14 shortperiods, 5 broadband seismometers for the time period between October, 2011 and August, 2012 (Fig. 2). Due to the single-active broadband station located at the Van city (VANB), localization errors of aftershocks are considered to be about ± 4 ...
... 41.90◦ E-44.03◦ E) was monitored by 19 stations; 14 shortperiods, 5 broadband seismometers for the time period between October, 2011 and August, 2012 (Fig. 2). Due to the single-active broadband station located at the Van city (VANB), localization errors of aftershocks are considered to be about ± 4 ...
Ground-shaking mapping for a scenario earthquake considering
... In order to examine the correlation of the shear-wave velocity with the geomorphological conditions in the Kanto and Hanshin areas, soil data on shear-wave velocity for these two areas are collected. The total number of soil data compiled was 478 (the number of PS logging and that of boring data is ...
... In order to examine the correlation of the shear-wave velocity with the geomorphological conditions in the Kanto and Hanshin areas, soil data on shear-wave velocity for these two areas are collected. The total number of soil data compiled was 478 (the number of PS logging and that of boring data is ...
Evaluating earthquake predictions and earthquake
... focal mechanism, or some other measurable characteristic. What is essential is that, after the end time of the prediction, one must be able to determine objectively whether or not the prediction was successful. Making this determination should not require any interpretation. To state the preceding i ...
... focal mechanism, or some other measurable characteristic. What is essential is that, after the end time of the prediction, one must be able to determine objectively whether or not the prediction was successful. Making this determination should not require any interpretation. To state the preceding i ...
Ground uplift detected by precise leveling in the Ontake earthquake... area, central Japan in 2002–2004
... a phreatic explosion occurred at the Ontake volcano 7 km away in October 1982. The M6.8 Nagano-ken Seibu Earthquake also occurred in this region in October 1984. In 1993, the earthquake swarm migrated to the northeast (Nagoya Univ., 1999), where the swarm continues. Although the swarm involves 1000 ...
... a phreatic explosion occurred at the Ontake volcano 7 km away in October 1982. The M6.8 Nagano-ken Seibu Earthquake also occurred in this region in October 1984. In 1993, the earthquake swarm migrated to the northeast (Nagoya Univ., 1999), where the swarm continues. Although the swarm involves 1000 ...
Toward a Time-Dependent Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for
... Plate 2. Map of Alaska with earthquake sources. Red dots are source segment corners with the geometry specified in Table 2. The approximate area of the combined source is outlined in yellow. Blue lines are target faults. ...
... Plate 2. Map of Alaska with earthquake sources. Red dots are source segment corners with the geometry specified in Table 2. The approximate area of the combined source is outlined in yellow. Blue lines are target faults. ...
Long-term creep-rate changes and their causes
... creepmeters that extend along about 30 km of the fault. Two of them (CWC3 and CWN1) are nearly co-located, separated by only 30 meters within a winery building. Figure 1 also shows the locations of a number of earthquakes that occurred on the San Andreas fault between 1960 and 2003. The largest of t ...
... creepmeters that extend along about 30 km of the fault. Two of them (CWC3 and CWN1) are nearly co-located, separated by only 30 meters within a winery building. Figure 1 also shows the locations of a number of earthquakes that occurred on the San Andreas fault between 1960 and 2003. The largest of t ...
Subionospheric VLF perturbations observed at low latitude
... data are utilized here for analysis purposes. Due to the high occurrence rate of earthquakes around the Indonesia region, it was decided to use the VTX signal to investigate any seismo-ionospheric effects. We considered earthquakes which occurred within the fifth Fresnel zone (marked by an ellipse) a ...
... data are utilized here for analysis purposes. Due to the high occurrence rate of earthquakes around the Indonesia region, it was decided to use the VTX signal to investigate any seismo-ionospheric effects. We considered earthquakes which occurred within the fifth Fresnel zone (marked by an ellipse) a ...
KeyGraph as Risk Explorer in Earthquake-Sequence
... will occur at the fault. Such a direct `land-mining' is inefficient and expensive and, more significantly, can not distinguish near-future (within a few decades) earthquake risks from far-future (hundreds of years) ones. Mining data, in spite of land, for finding risky active faults is inexpensive a ...
... will occur at the fault. Such a direct `land-mining' is inefficient and expensive and, more significantly, can not distinguish near-future (within a few decades) earthquake risks from far-future (hundreds of years) ones. Mining data, in spite of land, for finding risky active faults is inexpensive a ...
Improvement of Methods for Earthquake
... are documented with landslides reports due to sparsely inhabited and uncultured situation. The data used for affected area analysis in this paper is shown in Table 1. This data includes earthquake with magnitude from Ms6.0 to 7.75. Of these data, only Luhuo earthquake which occurred on Feb. 6, 1973 ...
... are documented with landslides reports due to sparsely inhabited and uncultured situation. The data used for affected area analysis in this paper is shown in Table 1. This data includes earthquake with magnitude from Ms6.0 to 7.75. Of these data, only Luhuo earthquake which occurred on Feb. 6, 1973 ...
2010 Canterbury earthquake
The 2010 Canterbury earthquake (also known as the Christchurch earthquake or Darfield earthquake) struck the South Island of New Zealand with a moment magnitude of 7.1 at 4:35 a.m. local time on 4 September, and had a maximum perceived intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli Intensity Scale. Some damaging aftershocks followed the main event, the strongest of which was a magnitude 6.3 shock that occurred on 22 February 2011. Because this aftershock was centred very close to Christchurch, it was much more destructive and resulted in the deaths of 185 people, and was felt from Invercargill to Wellington.The main shock caused widespread damage and several power outages, particularly in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand's second largest city. Two residents were seriously injured, one by a collapsing chimney and a second by flying glass. One person died of a heart attack suffered during the quake, although this could not be directly linked to the earthquake. Mass fatalities were avoided partly due to there being few houses of unreinforced construction, although this was also aided by the quake occurring during the night when most people were off the street.The earthquake's epicentre was 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Christchurch, near the town of Darfield. The hypocentre was at a shallow depth of 10 km. A foreshock of roughly magnitude 5.8 hit five seconds before the main quake, and strong aftershocks have been reported, up to magnitude 6.3.The initial quake lasted about 40 seconds, and was felt widely across the South Island, and in the North Island as far north as New Plymouth. As the epicentre was on land away from the coast, no tsunami occurred.The National Crisis Management Centre in the basement of the Beehive in Wellington was activated, and Civil Defence declared a state of emergency for Christchurch, the Selwyn District, and the Waimakariri District, while Selwyn District, Waimakariri and Timaru activated their emergency operation centres. Initially, a curfew was established for parts of Christchurch Central City from 7:00 pm to 7:00 am in response to the earthquake. The New Zealand Army was deployed to the worst affected areas in Canterbury.Claims from the earthquake were confirmed at being between $2.75 and $3.5 billion NZD.