Pollen-Induced Oxidative Stress Influences Both Innate and
... maturation, and consequently induce adaptive immune responses. Recently, it has been shown that pollen grains and their allergenic extracts have a potent pro-oxidant activity, which induces profound oxidative stress in the lung or conjunctiva within minutes after exposure (3–5). Inhibition of this i ...
... maturation, and consequently induce adaptive immune responses. Recently, it has been shown that pollen grains and their allergenic extracts have a potent pro-oxidant activity, which induces profound oxidative stress in the lung or conjunctiva within minutes after exposure (3–5). Inhibition of this i ...
Molecular and phenotypic studies of human antigen - edoc
... pathogens like bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. This response may already lead to elimination of the pathogen but moreover yields cytokine secretion and presentation of peptides from the pathogen’s protein antigens in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by specialized phagocytes, ...
... pathogens like bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. This response may already lead to elimination of the pathogen but moreover yields cytokine secretion and presentation of peptides from the pathogen’s protein antigens in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules by specialized phagocytes, ...
nk cell education and adhesion molecules
... MHC-I in otherwise normal cells. Recent evidence suggests that education is tunable and changes according to the net signaling input an individual NK cell receives. In paper I, we studied such retuning effects of NK cell education in different settings relevant to immunotherapy and asked whether the ...
... MHC-I in otherwise normal cells. Recent evidence suggests that education is tunable and changes according to the net signaling input an individual NK cell receives. In paper I, we studied such retuning effects of NK cell education in different settings relevant to immunotherapy and asked whether the ...
Identification of Immunogenic Human Melanoma Antigens in a
... melanoma immune responses with melanoma antigen vaccines may increase resistance to melanoma. The most convincing evidence that this concept is correct is that immunization to melanoma vaccines can prevent this cancer in syngeneic mice (2—4).The protection conferred is specific (2), i.e., mice imm ...
... melanoma immune responses with melanoma antigen vaccines may increase resistance to melanoma. The most convincing evidence that this concept is correct is that immunization to melanoma vaccines can prevent this cancer in syngeneic mice (2—4).The protection conferred is specific (2), i.e., mice imm ...
Artificial Immune Systems
... B-cells, killer T-cells which bind to foreign invaders and inject poisonous chemicals into them causing their destruction, and suppressor T-cells which inhibit the action of other immune cells thus preventing allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases. B-cells are responsible for the production and ...
... B-cells, killer T-cells which bind to foreign invaders and inject poisonous chemicals into them causing their destruction, and suppressor T-cells which inhibit the action of other immune cells thus preventing allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases. B-cells are responsible for the production and ...
The Development and Survival of Lymphocytes
... tissue. In mature individuals, the development of new T cells in the thymus slows down, and T-cell numbers are maintained through long-lived individual T cells together with the division of mature T cells outside the central lymphoid organs. New B cells, in contrast, are continually produced from th ...
... tissue. In mature individuals, the development of new T cells in the thymus slows down, and T-cell numbers are maintained through long-lived individual T cells together with the division of mature T cells outside the central lymphoid organs. New B cells, in contrast, are continually produced from th ...
clinical features of leprosy
... SEEN IN BORDERLINE TUBERCULOID TYPE DOWNGRADE OR SHIFT TOWARDS LEPROMATOUS TYPE HISTOLOGY –DISPERSAL OF GRANULOMAS INCREASED NUMBER OF LEPRA CELLS ...
... SEEN IN BORDERLINE TUBERCULOID TYPE DOWNGRADE OR SHIFT TOWARDS LEPROMATOUS TYPE HISTOLOGY –DISPERSAL OF GRANULOMAS INCREASED NUMBER OF LEPRA CELLS ...
Lectins, Mitogens and Agglutinins
... control the damaging effects of terrorist attacks, Alibek has placed strong emphasis on stimulating nonspecific immunities of victims mainly with interleukins and other cytokines. A more productive alternative would be giving mitogens such as PHA and PWM to reinforce vaccine and antibiotic actions, ...
... control the damaging effects of terrorist attacks, Alibek has placed strong emphasis on stimulating nonspecific immunities of victims mainly with interleukins and other cytokines. A more productive alternative would be giving mitogens such as PHA and PWM to reinforce vaccine and antibiotic actions, ...
28-29_Per_tolerance_Regulatory T-cells_LA
... Investigation of regulatory T-cells is a hot topic in immunology. Several types of Treg populations have been identified: for example CD4+ IL-10-producing Tr1 cells, TGF-β producing Th3 cells, CD8+CD28-T-cells, HLA-E-specific CD8+T-cells etc. This lecture is about the best characterized CD4+ CD25+FO ...
... Investigation of regulatory T-cells is a hot topic in immunology. Several types of Treg populations have been identified: for example CD4+ IL-10-producing Tr1 cells, TGF-β producing Th3 cells, CD8+CD28-T-cells, HLA-E-specific CD8+T-cells etc. This lecture is about the best characterized CD4+ CD25+FO ...
Full-Text PDF
... resulting in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). The classical complement activation pathway is triggered mainly by antigen-antibody complexes. Alternative activation pathways exist wherein complement component C3b may bind directly to foreign material (alternative pathway) or where ...
... resulting in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). The classical complement activation pathway is triggered mainly by antigen-antibody complexes. Alternative activation pathways exist wherein complement component C3b may bind directly to foreign material (alternative pathway) or where ...
Memory Cells in Old Age T Cells Are Potent + CD25
... There is strong circumstantial evidence that CMV may be a dominant factor to drive CD8⫹ T cell differentiation and hereby induce premature immune senescence (13). CMV-specific CD8⫹ T cells have also been shown to occur as large expanded clones that may dominate the repertoire (14). In a recent publi ...
... There is strong circumstantial evidence that CMV may be a dominant factor to drive CD8⫹ T cell differentiation and hereby induce premature immune senescence (13). CMV-specific CD8⫹ T cells have also been shown to occur as large expanded clones that may dominate the repertoire (14). In a recent publi ...
Tumors and Ly6Chigh Monocytes Fatemeh Zare
... and sister who have always encouraged me in everything and who have been there not only for all the highs , but importantly for all the lows too. Without you I would never have gotten this far. This is for you. ...
... and sister who have always encouraged me in everything and who have been there not only for all the highs , but importantly for all the lows too. Without you I would never have gotten this far. This is for you. ...
Initiation and Regulation of Type 2 Immunity and Inflammation at
... Identifying the cellular and molecular requirements for initiating and regulating type 2 immunity and inflammation is essential for the development of new vaccines against helminth parasites and treatments for atopic diseases. CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are critical antigen-presenting cells (APCs) ...
... Identifying the cellular and molecular requirements for initiating and regulating type 2 immunity and inflammation is essential for the development of new vaccines against helminth parasites and treatments for atopic diseases. CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are critical antigen-presenting cells (APCs) ...
Human Monoclonal Antibody Reactivity With
... amino acids, which is critical for the binding with antibody. Thus, there seems to be an autoreactive component of the alloantibody response to some HLA mismatches. These findings might be viewed in context with current concepts of antibody structure and B-cell diversity (12). Antibody specificity i ...
... amino acids, which is critical for the binding with antibody. Thus, there seems to be an autoreactive component of the alloantibody response to some HLA mismatches. These findings might be viewed in context with current concepts of antibody structure and B-cell diversity (12). Antibody specificity i ...
Page 1 of 200 - Gamma Delta Conference 2016
... type of γδ TCR, called NAR-TCR. NAR-TCRδ chains are composed of three, rather than two Ig domains: conventional Cδ and Vδ domains are positioned C terminally of a third “NAR-TCR-V” domain, which is encoded by rearranging VDJ miniclusters upstream of a conventional Vδ rearranging gene segment. The NA ...
... type of γδ TCR, called NAR-TCR. NAR-TCRδ chains are composed of three, rather than two Ig domains: conventional Cδ and Vδ domains are positioned C terminally of a third “NAR-TCR-V” domain, which is encoded by rearranging VDJ miniclusters upstream of a conventional Vδ rearranging gene segment. The NA ...
How is the STAT3 pathway activated?
... Summary STAT3 is a cytokine and growth factor activated transcription factor STAT3 has a wide range of functions, both anti and pro inflammatory depending on the tissue and physiological context STAT3 is also involved in disease states, such as asthma, colitis, and cancer STAT3 can suppress an ...
... Summary STAT3 is a cytokine and growth factor activated transcription factor STAT3 has a wide range of functions, both anti and pro inflammatory depending on the tissue and physiological context STAT3 is also involved in disease states, such as asthma, colitis, and cancer STAT3 can suppress an ...
Combined Haemophilus influenzae respiratory infection and allergic
... Figure 3 Chronic Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) infection in allergic airways disease induces steroid resistance. The effects of chronic Hi infection in allergic airways disease on responsiveness to steroid treatment were investigated. (A) Infected allergic groups were treated intranasally (i.n.) with ...
... Figure 3 Chronic Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) infection in allergic airways disease induces steroid resistance. The effects of chronic Hi infection in allergic airways disease on responsiveness to steroid treatment were investigated. (A) Infected allergic groups were treated intranasally (i.n.) with ...
Macrophage Cell Surface CD4 Type 1 HIV gp120 Induced Loss of A
... Ag gp120 are skewed away from VH3 bearing IgGs, which are normally protective against pathogens (4). Autoimmune responses are also a feature (5, 6) including those against CD4 molecules (7–9). HIV-1 is able to infect CD4⫹ T cells and CD4⫹ APCs, including macrophages and DC, (10 –12). There is also e ...
... Ag gp120 are skewed away from VH3 bearing IgGs, which are normally protective against pathogens (4). Autoimmune responses are also a feature (5, 6) including those against CD4 molecules (7–9). HIV-1 is able to infect CD4⫹ T cells and CD4⫹ APCs, including macrophages and DC, (10 –12). There is also e ...
Type I and II IFNs modify the proteome of bacterial vacuoles to
... Intracellular pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila have developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate these host cell processes and establish an intracellular niche for survival and replication. To overcome these microbial threats, host cells and host organisms as a whole have evolved a large ...
... Intracellular pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila have developed sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate these host cell processes and establish an intracellular niche for survival and replication. To overcome these microbial threats, host cells and host organisms as a whole have evolved a large ...
NIH Public Access
... route is favored when endothelial expression of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 is high (38). Paracellular migration depends on the formation of endothelial domes (also known as transmigratory cups), which are membrane protrusions rich in adhesion molecules [ICAM-1 and vascular cell adhesio ...
... route is favored when endothelial expression of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 is high (38). Paracellular migration depends on the formation of endothelial domes (also known as transmigratory cups), which are membrane protrusions rich in adhesion molecules [ICAM-1 and vascular cell adhesio ...
Immunology and Serology
... response to viral infection. The virally infected cell produces interferon for a few hours, even for a day, and it will excrete and used by other cells. When these cells become infected with the same or unrelated virus, the interferons cause the cells to produce molecules that prevent replication of ...
... response to viral infection. The virally infected cell produces interferon for a few hours, even for a day, and it will excrete and used by other cells. When these cells become infected with the same or unrelated virus, the interferons cause the cells to produce molecules that prevent replication of ...
Hannah Akuffo Publications 1990 to 1999
... 42. Maasho K, Akuffo HO. Cells from healthy non-exposed individuals produce cytokines to selected fractions of Leishmania promastigotes. Scand J Immunol Suppl. 1992;11:179-84. 43. Akuffo HO. Cytokine responses to parasite antigens: in vitro cytokine production to promastigotes of L. aethiopica by ce ...
... 42. Maasho K, Akuffo HO. Cells from healthy non-exposed individuals produce cytokines to selected fractions of Leishmania promastigotes. Scand J Immunol Suppl. 1992;11:179-84. 43. Akuffo HO. Cytokine responses to parasite antigens: in vitro cytokine production to promastigotes of L. aethiopica by ce ...
ANEXO-8 Interleukin-2 activated natural killer cells may hav
... To study the role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in Leishmania infection, peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes and incubated with interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated NK (A-NK) cells at different ratios of A-NK cells to infected macroph ...
... To study the role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in Leishmania infection, peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes and incubated with interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated NK (A-NK) cells at different ratios of A-NK cells to infected macroph ...
BIOL 105 S 2011 Ch 14 Practice Midterm Exam 2 110429.1
... 44) In an experimental situation, a virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies for the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to help deal with the same viral disease. This would be an example of A) innate i ...
... 44) In an experimental situation, a virus is injected into a rabbit and the rabbit is allowed to make antibodies for the viral antigen. These antibodies are then removed from the rabbit plasma and injected into a human to help deal with the same viral disease. This would be an example of A) innate i ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.