Hatton etal. 2015. Science
... change in pyramid shape is unexpected given that trophic communities maintain a near constant size structure. The mean body mass, which is the total biomass divided by the total numerical density (52), averages over all individuals and provides an indication of community size structure. Both carnivo ...
... change in pyramid shape is unexpected given that trophic communities maintain a near constant size structure. The mean body mass, which is the total biomass divided by the total numerical density (52), averages over all individuals and provides an indication of community size structure. Both carnivo ...
The predator-prey power law: Biomass scaling across terrestrial and
... Station, CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France. ...
... Station, CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France. ...
Impact of varying electron donors on the molecular microbial
... ionic nitrogen oxides such as nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO 2 -N) to gaseous oxides such as nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and eventually to dinitrogen (N2) gas or under extremely anaerobic conditions to ammonium-nitrogen (NHþ 4 -N) (Knowles, 1982). Although recen ...
... ionic nitrogen oxides such as nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO 2 -N) to gaseous oxides such as nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and eventually to dinitrogen (N2) gas or under extremely anaerobic conditions to ammonium-nitrogen (NHþ 4 -N) (Knowles, 1982). Although recen ...
Whitepaper Wastewater treatment in the dairy
... plant used there was based on a reactor system which has been submitted for patenting (called Anaerob Whey Reaktor by its manufacturer). Using the anaerobic contact sludge process, where anaerobic bio-sludge is retained by a centrifugal system, more than 90% of the organic load contained in the whey ...
... plant used there was based on a reactor system which has been submitted for patenting (called Anaerob Whey Reaktor by its manufacturer). Using the anaerobic contact sludge process, where anaerobic bio-sludge is retained by a centrifugal system, more than 90% of the organic load contained in the whey ...
Full Text
... marine culture. Some of the harvested biomass has been rejected for utilization by industry, however its utilization as a feedstock for biogas production is deemed as a feasible alternative use. In the present study, the chemical characteristics of the substrates, acclimatization process of the anae ...
... marine culture. Some of the harvested biomass has been rejected for utilization by industry, however its utilization as a feedstock for biogas production is deemed as a feasible alternative use. In the present study, the chemical characteristics of the substrates, acclimatization process of the anae ...
Site inveStigationS What Are You Looking For?
... A good place to start is by trying to chemically profile the site given what you know of its industrial past. To assist with this, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (EPA) is an excellent resource as it has always concerned itself with maintaining a list of Toxic Substances. These are substan ...
... A good place to start is by trying to chemically profile the site given what you know of its industrial past. To assist with this, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (EPA) is an excellent resource as it has always concerned itself with maintaining a list of Toxic Substances. These are substan ...
The dependence of root system properties on root system biomass... North American grassland species
... significantly with increasing total belowground biomass for A. gerardii, L. capitata and P. villosum, and the other 7 species had non-significant trends for increasing tissue density with increasing belowground biomass (average rate of increase = 0.00010 g root biomass cm−3 g−1 root biomass m−2 ). T ...
... significantly with increasing total belowground biomass for A. gerardii, L. capitata and P. villosum, and the other 7 species had non-significant trends for increasing tissue density with increasing belowground biomass (average rate of increase = 0.00010 g root biomass cm−3 g−1 root biomass m−2 ). T ...
NRDC: Second Harvest - Bioenergy from Cover Crop Biomass
... encourage. Grasses and other low-nitrogen covers tend to increase infiltration more effectively than do nitrogenfixing leguminous crops.5 • Reduced erosion, runoff, and sedimentation. Cover crops protect the soil from wind and water erosion by providing a physical barrier, and can greatly slow water ...
... encourage. Grasses and other low-nitrogen covers tend to increase infiltration more effectively than do nitrogenfixing leguminous crops.5 • Reduced erosion, runoff, and sedimentation. Cover crops protect the soil from wind and water erosion by providing a physical barrier, and can greatly slow water ...
Review of the Advantages and Disadvantages of
... Anaerobic digestion is a process by which environmentally hazardous organic wastes from municipal, agricultural and industrial sources may be stabilised. The treatment has many side benefits, most notably the production of methane-rich biogas which can be used to generate electricity and heat. Anaer ...
... Anaerobic digestion is a process by which environmentally hazardous organic wastes from municipal, agricultural and industrial sources may be stabilised. The treatment has many side benefits, most notably the production of methane-rich biogas which can be used to generate electricity and heat. Anaer ...
Stan Meyer Dealership Sales Manual 1986 OCR CONVERTED
... spin-off developments. $25 each for U.S.; add $4 for foreign postage. U.S. Currency Only. WFC News Releases: Yearly news update on Water Fuel Cell business and product development activities World wide. $2 each for U.S.; add $1 for foreign postage. U.S. Currency Only. To attend a WFC Dealership Semi ...
... spin-off developments. $25 each for U.S.; add $4 for foreign postage. U.S. Currency Only. WFC News Releases: Yearly news update on Water Fuel Cell business and product development activities World wide. $2 each for U.S.; add $1 for foreign postage. U.S. Currency Only. To attend a WFC Dealership Semi ...
Biogas – Green Energy Process, Design, Energy
... carbon dioxide (CO2) under oxygen-depleted conditions – i.e. anaerobic – is complicated and is an interaction between a number of different bacteria that are each responsible for their part of the task. What may be a waste product from some bacteria could be a substrate (or food) for others, and in ...
... carbon dioxide (CO2) under oxygen-depleted conditions – i.e. anaerobic – is complicated and is an interaction between a number of different bacteria that are each responsible for their part of the task. What may be a waste product from some bacteria could be a substrate (or food) for others, and in ...
Short-term changes of protozoan control on autotrophic
... (Stockner and Antia, 1986; Stockner, 1988, 1991; Weisse, 1993). Unlike heterotrophic pelagic bacteria, autotrophic picocyanobacteria have received little attention in terms of their quantitative importance as a possible carbon source for protozoans (Stockner, 1991; Weisse, 1993, and references there ...
... (Stockner and Antia, 1986; Stockner, 1988, 1991; Weisse, 1993). Unlike heterotrophic pelagic bacteria, autotrophic picocyanobacteria have received little attention in terms of their quantitative importance as a possible carbon source for protozoans (Stockner, 1991; Weisse, 1993, and references there ...
Systems and Markets Overview of Anaerobic digestion
... The use of AD for treating sewage sludge is well established and the use of AD for treating industrial wastewaters is increasing rapidly, to the point where there are now more than 1300 vendor-supplied systems in operation or under construction throughout the world. Over 30 types of industries have ...
... The use of AD for treating sewage sludge is well established and the use of AD for treating industrial wastewaters is increasing rapidly, to the point where there are now more than 1300 vendor-supplied systems in operation or under construction throughout the world. Over 30 types of industries have ...
Chapter 2
... where i is a vector of n types of environmental interventions, T is the intensity matrix, consisting of n rows of environmental interventions and m columns of product types, f is the final demand vector of m types of products, T_env is the intervention matrix, consisting of n rows of environmental i ...
... where i is a vector of n types of environmental interventions, T is the intensity matrix, consisting of n rows of environmental interventions and m columns of product types, f is the final demand vector of m types of products, T_env is the intervention matrix, consisting of n rows of environmental i ...
Using Apparent Activation Energy as a Reactivity
... mechanisms and prediction of kinetics for synthetic polymers.2,4 The interpretation of the dependence of activation energy values upon the conversion may provide useful mechanistic clues, such as the number of presumable reaction steps and/or important indications for model-fitting methods.5,6 For ex ...
... mechanisms and prediction of kinetics for synthetic polymers.2,4 The interpretation of the dependence of activation energy values upon the conversion may provide useful mechanistic clues, such as the number of presumable reaction steps and/or important indications for model-fitting methods.5,6 For ex ...
BAT Guidance Note on Best Available Techniques for the Energy
... BAT was introduced as a key principle in the IPPC Directive, 96/61/EC. This Directive has been incorporated into Irish law by the Protection of the Environment Act 2003. To meet the requirements of this Directive, relevant Sections of the Environmental Protection Agency Act 1992 and the Waste Manage ...
... BAT was introduced as a key principle in the IPPC Directive, 96/61/EC. This Directive has been incorporated into Irish law by the Protection of the Environment Act 2003. To meet the requirements of this Directive, relevant Sections of the Environmental Protection Agency Act 1992 and the Waste Manage ...
Fishery Stock Status: Biomass – February 2014
... Average biomass has generally increased from a low point in 2005, while the percent of stocks with biomass levels less than 50 percent BMSY has declined, also since 2005. BMSY is the biomass that would maximize long-term average catches. There is no apparent trend in the percent of stocks having bio ...
... Average biomass has generally increased from a low point in 2005, while the percent of stocks with biomass levels less than 50 percent BMSY has declined, also since 2005. BMSY is the biomass that would maximize long-term average catches. There is no apparent trend in the percent of stocks having bio ...
suncor`s climate report: resilience through strategy
... There is general consensus that limiting the impact of climate change requires that the global average increase in temperature remain below 2 C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Suncor supports the national commitments to reduce carbon emissions consistent with this objective that were made in acc ...
... There is general consensus that limiting the impact of climate change requires that the global average increase in temperature remain below 2 C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Suncor supports the national commitments to reduce carbon emissions consistent with this objective that were made in acc ...
Production of tropical larvaceans in Kingston Harbour, Jamaica: are
... advanced as a mechanism for long-term reduction in size frequency, such arguments are tenuous and difficult to support. We suggest that the most probable reason for small organism size here is intensive predatory control of larvacean populations throughout their life cycle, but particularly so for l ...
... advanced as a mechanism for long-term reduction in size frequency, such arguments are tenuous and difficult to support. We suggest that the most probable reason for small organism size here is intensive predatory control of larvacean populations throughout their life cycle, but particularly so for l ...
Seasonal changes of trophic transfer efficiencies
... the northern fringe of the Alps (47°50'N) in Central Europe. The sampling site is located in the fjord-like north-western arm of the lake. All groups of plankton organisms were sampled at least weekly during the growing season of 1987 (23 March to 16 November) at various depths by a large number of ...
... the northern fringe of the Alps (47°50'N) in Central Europe. The sampling site is located in the fjord-like north-western arm of the lake. All groups of plankton organisms were sampled at least weekly during the growing season of 1987 (23 March to 16 November) at various depths by a large number of ...
Dormant Season Grazing May Decrease Wildfire Probability by Increasing Fuel Moisture and Reducing Fuel Amount and Continuity
... Increases in atmospheric CO2 levels can increase plant production and fuel retention because of decreased decomposition due to increased cellulose and lignin, further increasing fuel biomass (Ziska et al. 2005). Thus, there is an urgent need for management action, but management of fuels in rangelan ...
... Increases in atmospheric CO2 levels can increase plant production and fuel retention because of decreased decomposition due to increased cellulose and lignin, further increasing fuel biomass (Ziska et al. 2005). Thus, there is an urgent need for management action, but management of fuels in rangelan ...
Effect of grazing on net primary production of a Mongolian grassland
... livestock (kg ha-1 dry matter), Dx is satiation consumption rate of the livestock (=2.4 kg d-1 per animal). The grassland was regarded as evenly distributed from top to bottom when the effect of grazing was simulated. It was also regarded as evenly distributed over the site without extreme clumping ...
... livestock (kg ha-1 dry matter), Dx is satiation consumption rate of the livestock (=2.4 kg d-1 per animal). The grassland was regarded as evenly distributed from top to bottom when the effect of grazing was simulated. It was also regarded as evenly distributed over the site without extreme clumping ...
A Continuous Process for the Conversion of Vegetable Oils into
... alternative diesel fuels, due to improved viscosity relative to the triplycerides. The viscosity of vegetable oils is reduced from about 10-15 times that of No. 2 diesel fuel to about twice that of No. 2 diesel for methyl esters. which is low enough to be used as diesel fuel. Other physical properti ...
... alternative diesel fuels, due to improved viscosity relative to the triplycerides. The viscosity of vegetable oils is reduced from about 10-15 times that of No. 2 diesel fuel to about twice that of No. 2 diesel for methyl esters. which is low enough to be used as diesel fuel. Other physical properti ...
Biofuel
A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter. Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes. Renewable biofuels generally involve contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis. Other renewable biofuels are made through the use or conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials). This biomass can be converted to convenient energy containing substances in three different ways: thermal conversion, chemical conversion, and biochemical conversion. This biomass conversion can result in fuel in solid, liquid, or gas form. This new biomass can also be used directly for biofuels.Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates produced in sugar or starch crops such as corn, sugarcane, or sweet sorghum. Cellulosic biomass, derived from non-food sources, such as trees and grasses, is also being developed as a feedstock for ethanol production. Ethanol can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a gasoline additive to increase octane and improve vehicle emissions. Bioethanol is widely used in the USA and in Brazil. Current plant design does not provide for converting the lignin portion of plant raw materials to fuel components by fermentation.Biodiesel can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a diesel additive to reduce levels of particulates, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons from diesel-powered vehicles. Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using transesterification and is the most common biofuel in Europe.In 2010, worldwide biofuel production reached 105 billion liters (28 billion gallons US), up 17% from 2009, and biofuels provided 2.7% of the world's fuels for road transport, a contribution largely made up of ethanol and biodiesel. Global ethanol fuel production reached 86 billion liters (23 billion gallons US) in 2010, with the United States and Brazil as the world's top producers, accounting together for 90% of global production. The world's largest biodiesel producer is the European Union, accounting for 53% of all biodiesel production in 2010. As of 2011, mandates for blending biofuels exist in 31 countries at the national level and in 29 states or provinces. The International Energy Agency has a goal for biofuels to meet more than a quarter of world demand for transportation fuels by 2050 to reduce dependence on petroleum and coal. The production of biofuels also led into a flourishing automotive industry, where by 2010, 79% of all cars produced in Brazil were made with a hybrid fuel system of bioethanol and gasoline.There are various social, economic, environmental and technical issues relating to biofuels production and use, which have been debated in the popular media and scientific journals. These include: the effect of moderating oil prices, the ""food vs fuel"" debate, poverty reduction potential, carbon emissions levels, sustainable biofuel production, deforestation and soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, impact on water resources, rural social exclusion and injustice, shantytown migration, rural unskilled unemployment, and nitrous oxide (NO2) emissions.