1 - u.arizona.edu
... increases, blood flow to brain decreases (in thalamus, basal ganglia, and higher-order cortical association areas) - muscle tone decreases due to inhibition of gamma motor neurons, - dreams have little imagery or are not reported at all - appears restful and restorative REM sleep (Ach) - increased h ...
... increases, blood flow to brain decreases (in thalamus, basal ganglia, and higher-order cortical association areas) - muscle tone decreases due to inhibition of gamma motor neurons, - dreams have little imagery or are not reported at all - appears restful and restorative REM sleep (Ach) - increased h ...
Print › AP Psych Unit 5 | Quizlet | Quizlet
... body functions and associated energy and mood changes. ...
... body functions and associated energy and mood changes. ...
PSYC550 Sleep and Sex
... – An effect of a hormone present early in development that reduces or prevents the later development of anatomical or behavioral characteristics typical of females. • androgen – A male sex steroid hormone; stimulates the development of the Wolffian system. Testosterone is the principal mammalian and ...
... – An effect of a hormone present early in development that reduces or prevents the later development of anatomical or behavioral characteristics typical of females. • androgen – A male sex steroid hormone; stimulates the development of the Wolffian system. Testosterone is the principal mammalian and ...
Neuropeptidergic Organization of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in
... blind [22,24], light entrains circadian locomotor activity [61,62] and induces expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) [83], demonstrating that the photic system effectively transmits light information to the biological clock. In addition, thermoregulatory capacit ...
... blind [22,24], light entrains circadian locomotor activity [61,62] and induces expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) [83], demonstrating that the photic system effectively transmits light information to the biological clock. In addition, thermoregulatory capacit ...
Open Questions on Mind, Genes, Consciousness
... were assembled as an ad hoc juxtaposing of Aldrich and Bernstein’s (1987) circadian profile of hypnotic susceptibility (the cognitive-behavioral level), and a typical circadian profile of core body temperature in humans with the circadian profile of the Thra gene (the genomic level) in tissues of th ...
... were assembled as an ad hoc juxtaposing of Aldrich and Bernstein’s (1987) circadian profile of hypnotic susceptibility (the cognitive-behavioral level), and a typical circadian profile of core body temperature in humans with the circadian profile of the Thra gene (the genomic level) in tissues of th ...
Shelley A. Tischkau, Stacey L. Krager
... elements. In the core loop, CLK–BMAL1 drives transcription of Pers and Crys, dependent upon the availability of BMAL1. Per–Cry heterodimers feedback to inhibit CLK–BMAL1 activity. Per–Cry is phosphorylated and subsequently degraded by the proteosome. An accessory loop regulates BMAL1. CLK–BMAL1 also ...
... elements. In the core loop, CLK–BMAL1 drives transcription of Pers and Crys, dependent upon the availability of BMAL1. Per–Cry heterodimers feedback to inhibit CLK–BMAL1 activity. Per–Cry is phosphorylated and subsequently degraded by the proteosome. An accessory loop regulates BMAL1. CLK–BMAL1 also ...
Lesson Description - Harvard Life Sciences Outreach Program
... 4.4 Explain how the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, sensory neurons, motor neurons) mediates communication among different parts of the body and mediates the body’s interactions with the environment. Identify the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, and explain generally how it works. 4 ...
... 4.4 Explain how the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, sensory neurons, motor neurons) mediates communication among different parts of the body and mediates the body’s interactions with the environment. Identify the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, and explain generally how it works. 4 ...
Sleep Mar 19 2013x - Lakehead University
... Circadian rhythms: the daily cycles of daylight and darkness that result from the spin of the earth • The precise schedules vary from species to species (some are active at night… some in the day) • Many physiological and biochemical processes fluctuate with the daily/monthly/yearly rhythms ...
... Circadian rhythms: the daily cycles of daylight and darkness that result from the spin of the earth • The precise schedules vary from species to species (some are active at night… some in the day) • Many physiological and biochemical processes fluctuate with the daily/monthly/yearly rhythms ...
Document
... seasonal rhythm caused by the rotation of the earth around the sun. The yearly cycle in the duration of day and night and the amount of solar energy reaching the earths’ surface leads to strong seasonal differences in temperature, weather patterns and food availability. This requires organisms to ti ...
... seasonal rhythm caused by the rotation of the earth around the sun. The yearly cycle in the duration of day and night and the amount of solar energy reaching the earths’ surface leads to strong seasonal differences in temperature, weather patterns and food availability. This requires organisms to ti ...
Chapter 19: Brain Rhythms and Sleep
... circa = approximately; dies = a day Daily cycles of light and dark – Schedules of circadian rhythms vary among species – Physiological and biochemical processes in body: Rise and fall with daily rhythms – Daylight and darkness cycles removed, circadian rhythms continue – Brain clocks ...
... circa = approximately; dies = a day Daily cycles of light and dark – Schedules of circadian rhythms vary among species – Physiological and biochemical processes in body: Rise and fall with daily rhythms – Daylight and darkness cycles removed, circadian rhythms continue – Brain clocks ...
The Cerebral Cortex and Higher Intellectual Functions
... • NO is a diffusible bioactive gas produced from arginine by nitric oxide synthase • NO is widely distributed in brain and peripheral tissues • NO is not stored and synthesis is regulated by the enzyme activity ...
... • NO is a diffusible bioactive gas produced from arginine by nitric oxide synthase • NO is widely distributed in brain and peripheral tissues • NO is not stored and synthesis is regulated by the enzyme activity ...
Endocrine Physiology - bushelman-hap
... LH from pituitary stimulates the testis to produce testosterone which in turn feeds back and inhibits LH secretion • Positive feedback is less common: examples include LH stimulation of estrogen which ...
... LH from pituitary stimulates the testis to produce testosterone which in turn feeds back and inhibits LH secretion • Positive feedback is less common: examples include LH stimulation of estrogen which ...
Dissecting differential gene expression within the circadian neuronal
... rhythmicity of the core clock. The core clock then regulates other molecules, which accumulate rhythmically or have rhythmic activity, to more directly generate overt rhythms of physiology or behavior6. Many of these core clock or clock output molecules may not be amenable to identification by forwa ...
... rhythmicity of the core clock. The core clock then regulates other molecules, which accumulate rhythmically or have rhythmic activity, to more directly generate overt rhythms of physiology or behavior6. Many of these core clock or clock output molecules may not be amenable to identification by forwa ...
Modulation of environmental responses of plants by circadian clocks
... Circadian clocks are signalling networks that enhance an organism’s relationship with the rhythmic environment. The plant circadian clock modulates a wide range of physiological and biochemical events, such as stomatal and organ movements, photosynthesis and induction of flowering. Environmental sig ...
... Circadian clocks are signalling networks that enhance an organism’s relationship with the rhythmic environment. The plant circadian clock modulates a wide range of physiological and biochemical events, such as stomatal and organ movements, photosynthesis and induction of flowering. Environmental sig ...
Physiology of the Mammalian Circadian System
... Figure 29–2. Core and shell organization of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The vast majority of SCN neurons release the inhibitory amino acid transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the SCN core (light blue), GABA is commonly colocalized with one or more neuropeptides, including vasoactiv ...
... Figure 29–2. Core and shell organization of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The vast majority of SCN neurons release the inhibitory amino acid transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the SCN core (light blue), GABA is commonly colocalized with one or more neuropeptides, including vasoactiv ...
Plant Responses to Light
... Molecular biologists spliced the gene for luciferase to the promotor of a certain photosynthesis-related genes that show circadian rhythms in transcription. Luciferase is the enzyme responsible for bioluminescence in fireflies. When the biological clock turned on the promotor of the photosynthesis g ...
... Molecular biologists spliced the gene for luciferase to the promotor of a certain photosynthesis-related genes that show circadian rhythms in transcription. Luciferase is the enzyme responsible for bioluminescence in fireflies. When the biological clock turned on the promotor of the photosynthesis g ...
Using light to tell the time of day: sensory coding in the mammalian
... species (Daan and Pittendrigh, 1976; DeCoursey, 1960, 1964). These experiments established a key principle underlying circadian photoentrainment: responses to light vary predictably depending on time of day (temporal gating; see Glossary). Hence, light exposure in the early night shifts activity to ...
... species (Daan and Pittendrigh, 1976; DeCoursey, 1960, 1964). These experiments established a key principle underlying circadian photoentrainment: responses to light vary predictably depending on time of day (temporal gating; see Glossary). Hence, light exposure in the early night shifts activity to ...
The Output Signal of Purkinje Cells of the Cerebellum and Circadian
... Measurement of clock gene expression has recently provided evidence that the cerebellum, like the master clock in the SCN, contains a circadian oscillator. The cerebellar oscillator is involved in anticipation of mealtime and possibly resides in Purkinje cells. However, the rhythmic gene expression ...
... Measurement of clock gene expression has recently provided evidence that the cerebellum, like the master clock in the SCN, contains a circadian oscillator. The cerebellar oscillator is involved in anticipation of mealtime and possibly resides in Purkinje cells. However, the rhythmic gene expression ...
Circadian Organization in Hemimetabolous Insects
... rhythm, the bilaterally paired clocks form a functional unit. They interact to produce a stable time structure within individual insects by exchanging photic and temporal information through neural pathways, in which serotonin and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) are involved as chemical messengers. ...
... rhythm, the bilaterally paired clocks form a functional unit. They interact to produce a stable time structure within individual insects by exchanging photic and temporal information through neural pathways, in which serotonin and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) are involved as chemical messengers. ...
which environmental signals control flowering?
... THE SPRING OR SUMMER, LIKE WILD TYPE. 3. IT ONLY FLOWERED WHEN BROUGHT INTO THE GREEN HOUSE IN THE WINTER. ...
... THE SPRING OR SUMMER, LIKE WILD TYPE. 3. IT ONLY FLOWERED WHEN BROUGHT INTO THE GREEN HOUSE IN THE WINTER. ...
Rhythms of Life: The Plant Circadian Clock
... Over a 24 hour period there is large variation in environmental conditions including temperature, light intensity, humidity and predator behavior • Extreme day-night temperature difference: 57 oC (-48 oC to 9 oC, Montana, 1972) ...
... Over a 24 hour period there is large variation in environmental conditions including temperature, light intensity, humidity and predator behavior • Extreme day-night temperature difference: 57 oC (-48 oC to 9 oC, Montana, 1972) ...
Plant Circadian Rhythms
... of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, and an early light-induced protein. This observation was replicated and extended in wheat, where it was shown that the transcription rate for the Cab-1 gene was under circadian control (Nagy et al., 1988). Neither pea nor wheat was particularly sui ...
... of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, and an early light-induced protein. This observation was replicated and extended in wheat, where it was shown that the transcription rate for the Cab-1 gene was under circadian control (Nagy et al., 1988). Neither pea nor wheat was particularly sui ...
The biology of time across different scales
... as well as the control of longer physiological events such as puberty and menopause. It is inbetween these extremes that arguably the most sophisticated forms of timing occur. It is on the scale of milliseconds and seconds that complex forms of sensory and motor processing, which include speech reco ...
... as well as the control of longer physiological events such as puberty and menopause. It is inbetween these extremes that arguably the most sophisticated forms of timing occur. It is on the scale of milliseconds and seconds that complex forms of sensory and motor processing, which include speech reco ...
Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm /sɜrˈkeɪdiən/ is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours. These 24-hour rhythms are driven by a circadian clock, and they have been widely observed in plants, animals, fungi, and cyanobacteria.The term circadian comes from the Latin circa, meaning ""around"" (or ""approximately""), and diēs, meaning ""day"". The formal study of biological temporal rhythms, such as daily, tidal, weekly, seasonal, and annual rhythms, is called chronobiology.Although circadian rhythms are endogenous (""built-in"", self-sustained), they are adjusted (entrained) to the local environment by external cues called zeitgebers (from German, ""time giver""), which include light, temperature and redox cycles.