Epidemiology of Outbreaks in Ireland, 2007
... The third outbreak was notified in mid-July of 2007 in HSE-S. There were 52 cases with a 31% hospitalisation rate. The cases were notified from the 2nd week of July until the 1st of August. The peak onset of illness was 6th-9th July. The outbreak phage type was identified as S Enteritidis PT4. The o ...
... The third outbreak was notified in mid-July of 2007 in HSE-S. There were 52 cases with a 31% hospitalisation rate. The cases were notified from the 2nd week of July until the 1st of August. The peak onset of illness was 6th-9th July. The outbreak phage type was identified as S Enteritidis PT4. The o ...
Pertussis outbreaks in the developed countries
... incidence of disease in both developed as well developing countries of the world since the introduction of DTP vaccine in 1940s3, 4. However, a resurgence of pertussis cases has been observed in a number of reports from highly immunized vaccinated countries 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. An increase in the pertussi ...
... incidence of disease in both developed as well developing countries of the world since the introduction of DTP vaccine in 1940s3, 4. However, a resurgence of pertussis cases has been observed in a number of reports from highly immunized vaccinated countries 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. An increase in the pertussi ...
Australian Immunisation Handbook, 8th Edition Part 3: Vaccines
... The cutaneous form of the disease starts as a small papule, which develops into a characteristic painless skin ulcer (eschar) surrounded by significant oedema. Patients are generally toxic and there may be local lymphadenitis. Without appropriate treatment 10 to 20% percent of persons contracting cu ...
... The cutaneous form of the disease starts as a small papule, which develops into a characteristic painless skin ulcer (eschar) surrounded by significant oedema. Patients are generally toxic and there may be local lymphadenitis. Without appropriate treatment 10 to 20% percent of persons contracting cu ...
Infant Pertussis
... confirmed by isolation of B. pertussis, 102 (13%) were confirmed by PCR, 39 (5%) were confirmed by epidemiologic-link and 170 (22%) infants had an illness that met the probable case definition. Infants 0 –3 months of age (620 cases during the 4-year period) had the highest average annual incidence o ...
... confirmed by isolation of B. pertussis, 102 (13%) were confirmed by PCR, 39 (5%) were confirmed by epidemiologic-link and 170 (22%) infants had an illness that met the probable case definition. Infants 0 –3 months of age (620 cases during the 4-year period) had the highest average annual incidence o ...
epidemiology of pertussis Pediatrics paper 2005
... ⬃2.0% per year. The rate of cough illnesses (pertussis) caused by B pertussis infection in adolescents and adults is between 370 and 1500 per 100 000 population. These data suggest that there are between ⬃800 000 and 3.3 million cases per year in the United States. The coming availability of adolesc ...
... ⬃2.0% per year. The rate of cough illnesses (pertussis) caused by B pertussis infection in adolescents and adults is between 370 and 1500 per 100 000 population. These data suggest that there are between ⬃800 000 and 3.3 million cases per year in the United States. The coming availability of adolesc ...
Vaccine Preventable Diseases
... • Hepatitis B immunisation – Prior to 2007 recommended only for risk population ...
... • Hepatitis B immunisation – Prior to 2007 recommended only for risk population ...
Pre-meeting document. - Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board
... complications related to HBV infection. Currently there are no effective treatments for chronic hepatitis B infection. Available drug therapies have not been shown to change the natural course of the disease, and generally fall into two main categories: drugs that might stop viral replication (e.g., ...
... complications related to HBV infection. Currently there are no effective treatments for chronic hepatitis B infection. Available drug therapies have not been shown to change the natural course of the disease, and generally fall into two main categories: drugs that might stop viral replication (e.g., ...
vaccine information
... mostly affects young children. It is transmitted through consumption of food or water contaminated with faeces that contains the virus. After the virus enters the body of a healthy individual, the infection can be asymptomatic or can cause fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck an ...
... mostly affects young children. It is transmitted through consumption of food or water contaminated with faeces that contains the virus. After the virus enters the body of a healthy individual, the infection can be asymptomatic or can cause fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck an ...
Potential Strategies to Reduce the Burden of Pertussis
... Selective immunization of health care and child care workers would require workers to be immunized when they enter the profession or training and to receive regular boosters throughout their employment. The objectives of the strategy are to reduce transmission to susceptible groups (patients or infa ...
... Selective immunization of health care and child care workers would require workers to be immunized when they enter the profession or training and to receive regular boosters throughout their employment. The objectives of the strategy are to reduce transmission to susceptible groups (patients or infa ...
clostridium botulinum - World Health Organization
... can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps or diarrhoea. After the onset of neurologic symptoms, constipation is typical. Dry mouth, blurred vision, and diplopia are usually the earliest neurologic symptoms. They are followed by dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and peripheral muscle weakness. S ...
... can include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps or diarrhoea. After the onset of neurologic symptoms, constipation is typical. Dry mouth, blurred vision, and diplopia are usually the earliest neurologic symptoms. They are followed by dysphonia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and peripheral muscle weakness. S ...
Slide 1
... First described over 3000 years ago, tetanus still causes major health problems in much of the developing world. There are an estimated 800,000 to 1,000,000 deaths worldwide every year despite a safe and effective vaccine being available. Over half of these deaths are in neonates. Worldwide eliminat ...
... First described over 3000 years ago, tetanus still causes major health problems in much of the developing world. There are an estimated 800,000 to 1,000,000 deaths worldwide every year despite a safe and effective vaccine being available. Over half of these deaths are in neonates. Worldwide eliminat ...
Effectiveness of meningococcal serogroup C vaccine programmes
... which is licensed in Europe and the US for ≥2 years (until 55 years in US) and Nimenrix (ACWY-TT, Glaxo SmithKline) licensed in Europe for individuals 12 months of age and older. Meningococcal–Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) combination vaccines are available in form of Menitorix® (MCC-TT/Hib-TT, ...
... which is licensed in Europe and the US for ≥2 years (until 55 years in US) and Nimenrix (ACWY-TT, Glaxo SmithKline) licensed in Europe for individuals 12 months of age and older. Meningococcal–Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) combination vaccines are available in form of Menitorix® (MCC-TT/Hib-TT, ...
Classification of Vaccines
... by dramatically reducing the mortality and morbidity caused by infectious diseases, and next to the wider availability of potable water, it is considered the most costeffective and successful medical intervention ever introduced. Vaccines have inevitably prevented disease, complications, and the dea ...
... by dramatically reducing the mortality and morbidity caused by infectious diseases, and next to the wider availability of potable water, it is considered the most costeffective and successful medical intervention ever introduced. Vaccines have inevitably prevented disease, complications, and the dea ...
Low hepatitis B immunogenicity of a hexavalent vaccine widely used
... was licensed in Germany in late October 2000 and between 2001 and the time of its suspension in September 2005, 5.8 million doses of vaccine were prescribed, corresponding to at least 1.5 million vaccinated children (IMS Health, written communication). Hexavac was also licensed in nine other Europea ...
... was licensed in Germany in late October 2000 and between 2001 and the time of its suspension in September 2005, 5.8 million doses of vaccine were prescribed, corresponding to at least 1.5 million vaccinated children (IMS Health, written communication). Hexavac was also licensed in nine other Europea ...
Childhood Immunisation Statistics Scotland
... In Scotland in 2015, uptake rates by 12 months of age for complete primary courses of immunisation against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio & Hib (the five-in-one vaccine), MenC and PCV remained high, with rates above 97%. The rotavirus vaccine was introduced to the routine schedule in July 201 ...
... In Scotland in 2015, uptake rates by 12 months of age for complete primary courses of immunisation against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio & Hib (the five-in-one vaccine), MenC and PCV remained high, with rates above 97%. The rotavirus vaccine was introduced to the routine schedule in July 201 ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... involving the extensor surfaces but sparing the palms and soles, followed by centripetal spread[30,].Rarely, A. haemolyticum may cause more severe infection(e.g., pneumonia and pyomyositis), but in these cases is most often a coinfecting agent[31]. Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae. Diphtheria is rare in t ...
... involving the extensor surfaces but sparing the palms and soles, followed by centripetal spread[30,].Rarely, A. haemolyticum may cause more severe infection(e.g., pneumonia and pyomyositis), but in these cases is most often a coinfecting agent[31]. Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae. Diphtheria is rare in t ...
Bordetella Pertussis
... • specific immunisation with killed B. pertussis vaccine is found to be effective ; use smooth phase I strain is used for vaccine production ; use of 0.2% merthiolate during several months storage at 4º C has been recommended. • DPT ; B. pertussis acts an adjuvant for the toxoid producing better ant ...
... • specific immunisation with killed B. pertussis vaccine is found to be effective ; use smooth phase I strain is used for vaccine production ; use of 0.2% merthiolate during several months storage at 4º C has been recommended. • DPT ; B. pertussis acts an adjuvant for the toxoid producing better ant ...
PDF printable version of Appendix 4: Commonly asked questions
... routinely recommended, with the exception of specific recommendations for meningococcal B vaccine in infants <2 years of age (refer to 4.10 Meningococcal disease). However, if an infant, child or adult has a fever of >38.5°C following vaccination or has pain at the injection site, paracetamol can be ...
... routinely recommended, with the exception of specific recommendations for meningococcal B vaccine in infants <2 years of age (refer to 4.10 Meningococcal disease). However, if an infant, child or adult has a fever of >38.5°C following vaccination or has pain at the injection site, paracetamol can be ...
Immunization
... seven days, with an average of three days. Symptoms • some people might not feel any thing or just look sick • others might have • sore throat • fever • chills • difficulty swallowing • thick gray coating over the back of the throat ...
... seven days, with an average of three days. Symptoms • some people might not feel any thing or just look sick • others might have • sore throat • fever • chills • difficulty swallowing • thick gray coating over the back of the throat ...
Precautions for Varicella Vaccine
... On behalf of the Iowa Pharmacy Association, thank you for your interest in serving the patients of your community by establishing an immunization protocol in accordance with the Iowa Administrative Code (657 IAC 8.33 (155A)). The following sample immunization protocol provides you with the opportuni ...
... On behalf of the Iowa Pharmacy Association, thank you for your interest in serving the patients of your community by establishing an immunization protocol in accordance with the Iowa Administrative Code (657 IAC 8.33 (155A)). The following sample immunization protocol provides you with the opportuni ...
Combination Vaccines: Defining and Addressing Current Safety
... should increase confidence that concerned officials are monitoring the safety of new vaccines [15–17]. If extensive testing of new rotavirus vaccines reveals no increased risk of intussusception, then there will be a need for intensive educational programs to inform the public about the safety of th ...
... should increase confidence that concerned officials are monitoring the safety of new vaccines [15–17]. If extensive testing of new rotavirus vaccines reveals no increased risk of intussusception, then there will be a need for intensive educational programs to inform the public about the safety of th ...
Emphasizing Military Vaccination Programs
... 1890 Behring & Kitasato prepare first diphtheria antitoxin. First administered by Ehrlich to a young girl in Berlin in 1891. 1899 Almroth Wright proposed mass immunization of British troops during the Boer War against typhoid fever. Because of "opposition by influential people," he was able to vacc ...
... 1890 Behring & Kitasato prepare first diphtheria antitoxin. First administered by Ehrlich to a young girl in Berlin in 1891. 1899 Almroth Wright proposed mass immunization of British troops during the Boer War against typhoid fever. Because of "opposition by influential people," he was able to vacc ...
Contraindications and Precautionary Conditions for Vaccination
... experiencing an immediate adverse reaction. It is not possible to specify an exact length of time for postvaccination observations but it is recommended that recipients should remain in the clinic/hospital for about 15 minutes. Parents or guardian should be provided with the necessary information be ...
... experiencing an immediate adverse reaction. It is not possible to specify an exact length of time for postvaccination observations but it is recommended that recipients should remain in the clinic/hospital for about 15 minutes. Parents or guardian should be provided with the necessary information be ...
Childhood vaccinations in Croatia
... (AAP) Committee on Infectious Diseases (12). The recommendations issued by those two committees are revised every two to four years and published as supplements to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report or as a Report of the Committee on Infectious Disease (Red Book) (12). In the United States im ...
... (AAP) Committee on Infectious Diseases (12). The recommendations issued by those two committees are revised every two to four years and published as supplements to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report or as a Report of the Committee on Infectious Disease (Red Book) (12). In the United States im ...
Diphtheria
Diphtheria (from Greek: διφθέρα diphthera, meaning leather) is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Signs and symptoms may vary from mild to severe. They usually start two to five days after exposure. Symptoms often come on fairly gradually beginning with a sore throat and fever. In severe cases a grey or white patch develops in the throat. This can block the airway and create a barking cough as in croup. The neck may swell in part due to large lymph nodes. A form of diphtheria that involves the skin, eyes, or genitals also exists. Complications may include myocarditis, inflammation of nerves, kidney problems, and bleeding problems due to low blood platelets. Myocarditis may result in an abnormal heart rate and inflammation of the nerves may result in paralysis.Diphtheria is usually spread between people by direct contact or through the air. It may also be spread by contaminated objects. Some people carry the bacteria without having symptoms, but can still spread the disease to others. There are three main types of C. diphtheriae causing different severities of disease. The symptoms are due to a toxin produced by the bacteria. Diagnosis can often be made based on the appearance of the throat with confirmation by culture. Previous infection may not prevent against future infection.A vaccine, known as diphtheria toxoid, is effective for prevention and available in a number of formulations. Three or four doses, given along with tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine, are recommended during childhood. Further doses are recommended every ten years. Protection can be verified by measuring the antitoxin level in the blood. Treatment is with the antibiotic erythromycin or penicillin G. These antibiotics may also be used for prevention in those who have been exposed to the infection. A surgical procedure known as a tracheostomy is sometimes needed to open the airway in severe cases.In 2013, 4,700 cases were officially reported, down from nearly 100,000 in 1980. It is believed, however, that about a million cases occurred per year before the 1980s. It currently occurs most often in Sub-Saharan Africa, India, and Indonesia. In 2013, it resulted in 3,300 deaths down from 8,000 deaths in 1990. In areas where it is still common, children are most affected. It is rare in the developed world due to widespread vaccination. In the United States 57 cases were reported between 1980 and 2004. Death occurs in between 5% and 10% of those affected. The disease was first described in the 5th century BCE by Hippocrates. The bacteria was discovered in 1882 by Edwin Klebs.