Glutamine metabolism and its effects on immune response
... capacity in the apical region of enterocytes is the reason this cells capture glutamine priority from the lumen, and apparently, almost all glutamine contained in the diet is utilized by the enterocytes [23]. The measurements of intestinal glutamine metabolism also showed that glutamine is the precu ...
... capacity in the apical region of enterocytes is the reason this cells capture glutamine priority from the lumen, and apparently, almost all glutamine contained in the diet is utilized by the enterocytes [23]. The measurements of intestinal glutamine metabolism also showed that glutamine is the precu ...
Sequence and Structure Classification of Kinases
... Kinases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that catalyze the phosphoryl transfer reaction from a phosphate donor (usually ATP) to a receptor substrate. Although all kinases catalyze essentially the same phosphoryl transfer reaction, they display remarkable diversity in their substrate specificity, st ...
... Kinases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that catalyze the phosphoryl transfer reaction from a phosphate donor (usually ATP) to a receptor substrate. Although all kinases catalyze essentially the same phosphoryl transfer reaction, they display remarkable diversity in their substrate specificity, st ...
EFFECTS OF BIOREACTOR OPERATION PARAMETERS ON
... 2.4 The major macronutrient elements, their physiological functions, growth requirements and common sources................................................... 21 2.5 Parameter values for the emprical correlation of KLa............................... 29 3.1 The composition of the solid medium for Bac ...
... 2.4 The major macronutrient elements, their physiological functions, growth requirements and common sources................................................... 21 2.5 Parameter values for the emprical correlation of KLa............................... 29 3.1 The composition of the solid medium for Bac ...
Synthesis of Heme
... A conserved active site His, along with a chain of anionic residues, may conduct released protons away, as Fe++ binds from the other side of the porphyrin ring, to yield heme. ...
... A conserved active site His, along with a chain of anionic residues, may conduct released protons away, as Fe++ binds from the other side of the porphyrin ring, to yield heme. ...
Ca2+-Dependent Regulations and Signaling in Skeletal Muscle
... (CASQ1) in fast twitch type II fibers and calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) in slow twitch or type I myofibers [16]. Both isoforms differ in their ability to bind and release Ca2+ upon stimulation and CASQ content is also higher in type II fibers than in type I fibers [15]. Hence, CASQ proteins are part of a ...
... (CASQ1) in fast twitch type II fibers and calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) in slow twitch or type I myofibers [16]. Both isoforms differ in their ability to bind and release Ca2+ upon stimulation and CASQ content is also higher in type II fibers than in type I fibers [15]. Hence, CASQ proteins are part of a ...
Adaptation and Specialization in the Evolution of Bacterial
... course of evolution- in the timeframe associated with rapid increases in fitness in the evolutionary environment. The authors concluded that these findings were most consistent with antagonistic pleiotropy. A further feature of the LTEE allowed the authors of this study to assess the extent of costs ...
... course of evolution- in the timeframe associated with rapid increases in fitness in the evolutionary environment. The authors concluded that these findings were most consistent with antagonistic pleiotropy. A further feature of the LTEE allowed the authors of this study to assess the extent of costs ...
Purification and Characterization of Chorismate
... synthases. The reaction mixture (total volume 250 uL) contained 50 mm triethanolamine/HCl, pH 8.0, 10 ,uM FMN, 2 mM DTT, 25 mm KCI, 320 ,uM EPSP. The reaction was initiated after 10 min illumination (to reduce the FMN) by addition of EPSP. After 15 or 30 min under continuous white ...
... synthases. The reaction mixture (total volume 250 uL) contained 50 mm triethanolamine/HCl, pH 8.0, 10 ,uM FMN, 2 mM DTT, 25 mm KCI, 320 ,uM EPSP. The reaction was initiated after 10 min illumination (to reduce the FMN) by addition of EPSP. After 15 or 30 min under continuous white ...
Microbiology
... Carnitine is a quaternary amine compound found at high concentration in animal tissues, particularly muscle, and is most well studied for its contribution to fatty acid transport into mitochondria. In bacteria, carnitine is an important osmoprotectant, and can also enhance thermotolerance, cryotoler ...
... Carnitine is a quaternary amine compound found at high concentration in animal tissues, particularly muscle, and is most well studied for its contribution to fatty acid transport into mitochondria. In bacteria, carnitine is an important osmoprotectant, and can also enhance thermotolerance, cryotoler ...
An investigation of protective formulations containing
... diaper. This makes the baby’s skin warmer and moister, which leads to a higher pH. Excessive moisture in the skin makes it more easily to be penetrated by irritants and also vulnerable to swelling. ...
... diaper. This makes the baby’s skin warmer and moister, which leads to a higher pH. Excessive moisture in the skin makes it more easily to be penetrated by irritants and also vulnerable to swelling. ...
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae– the main
... designs were based on yeast properties (top vs. bottomfermenting yeast), beer style, tradition as well as availability of construction material (Boulton & Quain, 2006). The types of fermenters range from open and closed squares to horizontal and vertical cylindrical vessels. The most popular ferment ...
... designs were based on yeast properties (top vs. bottomfermenting yeast), beer style, tradition as well as availability of construction material (Boulton & Quain, 2006). The types of fermenters range from open and closed squares to horizontal and vertical cylindrical vessels. The most popular ferment ...
Molecular and biochemical characterization of cytosolic
... interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), with glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (G16BP) being a cofactor in this reaction (Ray et al., 1983). In plant tissues, PGM is present in the cytosol and the plastid (MuÈhlbach and Schnarrenberger, 1978; Sangwan and Singh, 1987; Popov ...
... interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), with glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (G16BP) being a cofactor in this reaction (Ray et al., 1983). In plant tissues, PGM is present in the cytosol and the plastid (MuÈhlbach and Schnarrenberger, 1978; Sangwan and Singh, 1987; Popov ...
Arginine metabolism in human infants
... • Citrulline synthesised in enterocyte from glutamate • Citrulline not taken up by liver but by kidney • Converted to arginine ...
... • Citrulline synthesised in enterocyte from glutamate • Citrulline not taken up by liver but by kidney • Converted to arginine ...
Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Tuning of the Ligand Environment Ruthenium olefine
... The paper of Katz in 1975 was the first to give full evidence for the metal carbene mechanism 47 , which was later experimentally supported by Grubbs 44 , and Schrock 50–52 . The understanding of how the catalyst functions in the metathesis reaction provided a basis for scientists to construct new e ...
... The paper of Katz in 1975 was the first to give full evidence for the metal carbene mechanism 47 , which was later experimentally supported by Grubbs 44 , and Schrock 50–52 . The understanding of how the catalyst functions in the metathesis reaction provided a basis for scientists to construct new e ...
IBM Research Report Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal and Nitride
... involving disproportionation, which results in various TiClx species present on the surface. A recent study on a Si surface using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has shown that various surface species including TiCl4 , TiCl2 , Ti, and Cl can exist simultaneously on a Si(001) surface at room temp ...
... involving disproportionation, which results in various TiClx species present on the surface. A recent study on a Si surface using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has shown that various surface species including TiCl4 , TiCl2 , Ti, and Cl can exist simultaneously on a Si(001) surface at room temp ...
Renal Drug Metabolism - Pharmacological Reviews
... either in whole kidney or in cortical tissue, biotransformations have also been identified in the medullary region (Toback et al., 1977a; Lohr and Acara, 1990). Information accumulated over the past 20 years demonstrates a large capacity for metabolism in the kidney, leading to activation or inactiv ...
... either in whole kidney or in cortical tissue, biotransformations have also been identified in the medullary region (Toback et al., 1977a; Lohr and Acara, 1990). Information accumulated over the past 20 years demonstrates a large capacity for metabolism in the kidney, leading to activation or inactiv ...
Metal cluster aggregates of the composition Nbn +
... Molecules containing transition metal atoms have often proven valuable in the catalytic synthesis of numerous compounds [1-5]. Hydrocarbon adsorption and subsequent C-H bond activation are amongst the most important steps in many catalyzed reactions [6-11]. Their exact mechanism is often not underst ...
... Molecules containing transition metal atoms have often proven valuable in the catalytic synthesis of numerous compounds [1-5]. Hydrocarbon adsorption and subsequent C-H bond activation are amongst the most important steps in many catalyzed reactions [6-11]. Their exact mechanism is often not underst ...
NAGS - BMC Biochemistry
... glutamine, bicarbonate and ATP as substrates [53]. Nacetylglutamate (NAG), which is formed enzymatically by N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS; EC 2.3.1.1) from glutamate and acetyl coenzyme A (Figure 1), is an essential allosteric activator of CPSI, and deficiency of NAG results in a block in ureagen ...
... glutamine, bicarbonate and ATP as substrates [53]. Nacetylglutamate (NAG), which is formed enzymatically by N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS; EC 2.3.1.1) from glutamate and acetyl coenzyme A (Figure 1), is an essential allosteric activator of CPSI, and deficiency of NAG results in a block in ureagen ...
Ketone Body Metabolism Preserves Hepatic Function during
... Ketone bodies are metabolized through evolutionarily conserved pathways that support bioenergetic homeostasis, particularly in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle when carbohydrates are in short supply. The metabolism of ketone bodies interfaces with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation of fatty ...
... Ketone bodies are metabolized through evolutionarily conserved pathways that support bioenergetic homeostasis, particularly in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle when carbohydrates are in short supply. The metabolism of ketone bodies interfaces with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation of fatty ...
ESTUDIO DE LOS MECANISMOS DE INHIBICIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD CARNITINA PALMITOILTRANSFERASA 1
... (the IC50 value for M-CPT I is about 2 orders of magnitude lower than for L-CPT I) (6). This property is probably involved in the finer regulation of fatty acid oxidation in heart and skeletal muscle in comparison to liver. From studies on the pH dependence of the affinity of CPT I for its substrate ...
... (the IC50 value for M-CPT I is about 2 orders of magnitude lower than for L-CPT I) (6). This property is probably involved in the finer regulation of fatty acid oxidation in heart and skeletal muscle in comparison to liver. From studies on the pH dependence of the affinity of CPT I for its substrate ...
Substrate Specificity of Tonin from Rat Submaxillary Gland
... angiotensin I. On the basis of these findings tonin has to be classified as a highly specific endopeptidase. The Km values of tonin for (des-Aspl)-angiotensin I and angiotensin I are almost identical, whereas that of (desAsp',des-Arg')-angiotensin I is approximately doubled compared to the values ob ...
... angiotensin I. On the basis of these findings tonin has to be classified as a highly specific endopeptidase. The Km values of tonin for (des-Aspl)-angiotensin I and angiotensin I are almost identical, whereas that of (desAsp',des-Arg')-angiotensin I is approximately doubled compared to the values ob ...
Elucidation and Modulation of CEB Metabolism in Fischer 344 Rats
... activity towards some xenobiotic. The liver receives blood from the splanchnic area which contains not only nutrients but various foreign substances, or xenobiotics, as well. These compounds are metabolized by the liver prior to release into the systemic circulation. Other tissues involved in biotra ...
... activity towards some xenobiotic. The liver receives blood from the splanchnic area which contains not only nutrients but various foreign substances, or xenobiotics, as well. These compounds are metabolized by the liver prior to release into the systemic circulation. Other tissues involved in biotra ...
Moles Workbook
... We can picture the hydrogen atom - the simplest of all atoms with one electron, and one proton in the nucleus - by considering a pea placed in the centre of a football pitch, to represent the nucleus with its proton. On this scale the electron will revolve in a circular orbit round the goal posts. B ...
... We can picture the hydrogen atom - the simplest of all atoms with one electron, and one proton in the nucleus - by considering a pea placed in the centre of a football pitch, to represent the nucleus with its proton. On this scale the electron will revolve in a circular orbit round the goal posts. B ...
An in Silico Liver: Model of Gluconeogenesis
... An in silico liver was developed in attempt to represent the in vivo state of the fasted liver. It featured two conceptual models. The first one represented carbohydrate metabolism of the human liver, which included the heterogeneous nature of the liver by incorporating spatial variation of key enzy ...
... An in silico liver was developed in attempt to represent the in vivo state of the fasted liver. It featured two conceptual models. The first one represented carbohydrate metabolism of the human liver, which included the heterogeneous nature of the liver by incorporating spatial variation of key enzy ...
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems
Evolution of Metal Ions in Biological Systems refers to the incorporation of metallic ions into living organisms and how it has changed over time. Metal ions have been associated with biological systems for billions of years, but only in the last century have scientists began to truly appreciate the scale of their influence. Major (iron, manganese, magnesium and zinc) and minor (copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten) metal ions have symbiotically aligned with living organisms and the associated complexes have evolved over time.