Nobel Lecture - APS Link Manager
... First of all I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences and its Nobel Committee for physics for awarding me the 2003 Nobel Prize in physics. I am well aware of how difficult it is to select no more than three Laureates out of the far greater number of nom ...
... First of all I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences and its Nobel Committee for physics for awarding me the 2003 Nobel Prize in physics. I am well aware of how difficult it is to select no more than three Laureates out of the far greater number of nom ...
chapter 3
... This force is directed towards areas of maximum stress, if 2 1 , for example, in the case of the presence of solid particles like paper in the liquid. On the other hand, if only gas bubbles are present in the liquid, i.e. 2 1 , the force will be in the direction of areas of lower stress. If ...
... This force is directed towards areas of maximum stress, if 2 1 , for example, in the case of the presence of solid particles like paper in the liquid. On the other hand, if only gas bubbles are present in the liquid, i.e. 2 1 , the force will be in the direction of areas of lower stress. If ...
Lecture 1 MEASUREMENTS IN FLUID MECHANICS
... visualization). Also, these properties can be measured directly using certain devices or can be inferred from few basic measurements. For instance, if one wishes to measure the flow rate, then a direct measurement of volume/mass flow can be done during a fixed time interval. However, the secondary a ...
... visualization). Also, these properties can be measured directly using certain devices or can be inferred from few basic measurements. For instance, if one wishes to measure the flow rate, then a direct measurement of volume/mass flow can be done during a fixed time interval. However, the secondary a ...
AN INTRODUCTION TO HYDRODYNAMICS
... The ancient Greeks amongst others debated over two thousand years ago whether matter is made from discrete particles or is a continuum, divisible ad infinitum. This question was not properly resolved until well into nineteenth century (Brownian motion, etc.), by which time useful theories of thermod ...
... The ancient Greeks amongst others debated over two thousand years ago whether matter is made from discrete particles or is a continuum, divisible ad infinitum. This question was not properly resolved until well into nineteenth century (Brownian motion, etc.), by which time useful theories of thermod ...
Entropy Notes II
... Entropy (S) • A measure of disorder/randomness – More disorder, higher entropy – Universe tends to move toward greater entropy ...
... Entropy (S) • A measure of disorder/randomness – More disorder, higher entropy – Universe tends to move toward greater entropy ...
Roton Fermi liquid: A metallic phase of two
... Motivated by this, we revisit the Z2 vortex-spinon field theory of interacting electrons,4,5 in which the hc / 2e vortices and the spinons have a long-ranged statistical interaction mediated by two Z2 gauge fields. Rather than gapping out single vortices while condensing pairs 共which leads to a spin ...
... Motivated by this, we revisit the Z2 vortex-spinon field theory of interacting electrons,4,5 in which the hc / 2e vortices and the spinons have a long-ranged statistical interaction mediated by two Z2 gauge fields. Rather than gapping out single vortices while condensing pairs 共which leads to a spin ...
AP Chem Chapter 13 Homework
... ____ 13. Which liquid would evaporate most quickly at room temperature? a. H2O, 18 g/mol b. Gasoline, C8H18, 114 g/mol c. Vegetable oil, 895 g/mol d. Mineral oil, C12H26, 170 g/mol e. Ethylene glycol, HO-CH2-CH2-OH, 62 g/mol ____ 14. Which property is not affected by strength of intermolecular force ...
... ____ 13. Which liquid would evaporate most quickly at room temperature? a. H2O, 18 g/mol b. Gasoline, C8H18, 114 g/mol c. Vegetable oil, 895 g/mol d. Mineral oil, C12H26, 170 g/mol e. Ethylene glycol, HO-CH2-CH2-OH, 62 g/mol ____ 14. Which property is not affected by strength of intermolecular force ...
Aerodynamics at the Particle Level
... The notion, therefore, that a streamline in a gas flow is “attracted” by a surface is not correct. If a stream of gas, as in Coandǎ flow,[9] seems attracted to a solid object it is due to its self-interaction, interaction with gas outside the flow, and the forces its particles exert on the surface ...
... The notion, therefore, that a streamline in a gas flow is “attracted” by a surface is not correct. If a stream of gas, as in Coandǎ flow,[9] seems attracted to a solid object it is due to its self-interaction, interaction with gas outside the flow, and the forces its particles exert on the surface ...
Temperature-induced migration of a bubble in a soft microcavity
... is referred to as solutocapillarity.5–9 The temperature constitutes a second control parameter, and in most systems the surface tension between two fluid phases decreases when the temperature increases. The Marangoni convection induced by a temperature gradient is referred to as thermocapillarity or ...
... is referred to as solutocapillarity.5–9 The temperature constitutes a second control parameter, and in most systems the surface tension between two fluid phases decreases when the temperature increases. The Marangoni convection induced by a temperature gradient is referred to as thermocapillarity or ...
Large-Scale Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Vapor of Cesium
... Einstein first noticed that Bose gas would condense to the lowest energy state. However, the result of the condensation doesn't produce crystals, this fact shows that BEC doesn't occur in the position space but occurs in the momentum space. “The term ‘condensation’ often implies a condensation in sp ...
... Einstein first noticed that Bose gas would condense to the lowest energy state. However, the result of the condensation doesn't produce crystals, this fact shows that BEC doesn't occur in the position space but occurs in the momentum space. “The term ‘condensation’ often implies a condensation in sp ...
Experiment and simulation of mixed flows in a trapezoidal
... driven flows in a trapezoidal shaped microchannel. A micro particle image velocimetry (lPIV) technique is utilized to acquire velocity profiles across the microchannel for pressure, electroosmotic and mixed electroosmotic-pressure driven flows. In mixed flow studies, both favorable and adverse press ...
... driven flows in a trapezoidal shaped microchannel. A micro particle image velocimetry (lPIV) technique is utilized to acquire velocity profiles across the microchannel for pressure, electroosmotic and mixed electroosmotic-pressure driven flows. In mixed flow studies, both favorable and adverse press ...
Magnetic Resonance Technology A New Concept for
... This paper describes a magnetic resonance based multiphase flow meter. During the last decades, magnetic resonance technology has enabled many industrial applications. One of the most well-known developments can be found in medical imaging. High resolution, three dimensional body scans can provide c ...
... This paper describes a magnetic resonance based multiphase flow meter. During the last decades, magnetic resonance technology has enabled many industrial applications. One of the most well-known developments can be found in medical imaging. High resolution, three dimensional body scans can provide c ...
Fluid Mechanics - 上海交通大学工程力学教学基地
... 2-1 Fluid as a continuum • The average or macroscopic effects of many molecules……….continuum(classic fluid mechanics)(p, ,T,V is continuous function of position and time) • the mean free path of the molecules is same order of magnitude as the smallest significant characteristic dimension of the pr ...
... 2-1 Fluid as a continuum • The average or macroscopic effects of many molecules……….continuum(classic fluid mechanics)(p, ,T,V is continuous function of position and time) • the mean free path of the molecules is same order of magnitude as the smallest significant characteristic dimension of the pr ...
Nuclear fusion and the helium supply problem
... described which uses helium coolant for two possible types of breeding blanket (HCLL and HCPB). The main DEMO parameters are given in Table 2. According to Sedano [22] and Gastaldi et al [25] as well as Boccaccini and Franza [26] the helium circuitry in the PCS will contain about 23 t helium; this f ...
... described which uses helium coolant for two possible types of breeding blanket (HCLL and HCPB). The main DEMO parameters are given in Table 2. According to Sedano [22] and Gastaldi et al [25] as well as Boccaccini and Franza [26] the helium circuitry in the PCS will contain about 23 t helium; this f ...
The Noble-Abel Stiffened-Gas equation of state
... energy and the heat bond of the corresponding phase. Parameters γ, P∞ , q and b are constant coefficients characteristic of the thermodynamic properties of the fluid. Among them the coefficient b represents the covolume of the fluid. This equation of state is a combination of the ‘Stiffened Gas’ EOS ...
... energy and the heat bond of the corresponding phase. Parameters γ, P∞ , q and b are constant coefficients characteristic of the thermodynamic properties of the fluid. Among them the coefficient b represents the covolume of the fluid. This equation of state is a combination of the ‘Stiffened Gas’ EOS ...
Electroosmotic flow velocity measurements in a square microchannel
... electrokinetic transport is applied in the design of many microfluidic devices/systems being used today [5, 8]. Applications where such phenomena play an important role are in the cooling of microelectronics, lap-on-a-chip diagnostic devices, and in vivo drug delivery systems. In fact, electrically ...
... electrokinetic transport is applied in the design of many microfluidic devices/systems being used today [5, 8]. Applications where such phenomena play an important role are in the cooling of microelectronics, lap-on-a-chip diagnostic devices, and in vivo drug delivery systems. In fact, electrically ...
study of fluid dynamics with emphasis on couette flow
... expresses conservation of mass. The mass is conserved means that the change in mass contained in a closed surface per unit time is equal to the total mass that goes in or comes out of the same surface. The component of velocity perpendicular to the surface determines the flux of mass coming in or go ...
... expresses conservation of mass. The mass is conserved means that the change in mass contained in a closed surface per unit time is equal to the total mass that goes in or comes out of the same surface. The component of velocity perpendicular to the surface determines the flux of mass coming in or go ...
annual report 2014 - Department of Applied Physics
... starting 1st of Feb. 2015. Another position for Aalto tenure track professor in Experimental quantum physics was opened in association with the Department of Applied Physics. The leader of the ROTA group, Dr. Vladimir Eltsov, received the title of docent in topological materials and was later on app ...
... starting 1st of Feb. 2015. Another position for Aalto tenure track professor in Experimental quantum physics was opened in association with the Department of Applied Physics. The leader of the ROTA group, Dr. Vladimir Eltsov, received the title of docent in topological materials and was later on app ...
Chapter 6 HEAT CAPACITY, ENTHALPY, ENTROPY, AND
... Figure 6.9 The effect of phase changes on H for a chemical reaction. When phase transformations of the reactants or products have to be considered, care must be taken with the signs of the changes in enthalpy. The signs can be obtained from a consideration of Le Chatelier’s principle, which states ...
... Figure 6.9 The effect of phase changes on H for a chemical reaction. When phase transformations of the reactants or products have to be considered, care must be taken with the signs of the changes in enthalpy. The signs can be obtained from a consideration of Le Chatelier’s principle, which states ...
Helium Extraction from LNG End-Flash
... temperature as it is beyond the capacity of self-refrigeration with J-T throttling, which is the principle of the HeXU. Therefore, the pressure level of the feed stream to the stripper was increased, also raising the pressure level of the feed stream to the HeXU. This leads to an increase in the con ...
... temperature as it is beyond the capacity of self-refrigeration with J-T throttling, which is the principle of the HeXU. Therefore, the pressure level of the feed stream to the stripper was increased, also raising the pressure level of the feed stream to the HeXU. This leads to an increase in the con ...
Presentation453.08
... drag defines a certain velocity as the steady state speed at which the particles move under the influence of an acting external force and of the viscosity of the medium. Friction increases with speed, so that the speed of the particle will only increase up to a point, until it will reach a steady st ...
... drag defines a certain velocity as the steady state speed at which the particles move under the influence of an acting external force and of the viscosity of the medium. Friction increases with speed, so that the speed of the particle will only increase up to a point, until it will reach a steady st ...
Examensarbete Future Upgrades of the LHC Beam Screen Cooling System Björn Backman
... cope with the heat loads induced by the particle beam, a beam screen cooled with forced flow of supercritical helium is used. There is an interest in upgrading the energy and luminosity of the LHC in the future and this would require a higher heat load to be extracted by the beam screen cooling syst ...
... cope with the heat loads induced by the particle beam, a beam screen cooled with forced flow of supercritical helium is used. There is an interest in upgrading the energy and luminosity of the LHC in the future and this would require a higher heat load to be extracted by the beam screen cooling syst ...
Precision Velocity Measurements of Pulsed Supersonic Jets
... superfluidity.28 As a matter of fact, helium clusters have established new research areas in low-temperature physics and spectroscopy.29-34 There are also several other applications of supersonic beams where the mean flow velocity of particles needs to be obtained with high accuracy, e.g. reactivity s ...
... superfluidity.28 As a matter of fact, helium clusters have established new research areas in low-temperature physics and spectroscopy.29-34 There are also several other applications of supersonic beams where the mean flow velocity of particles needs to be obtained with high accuracy, e.g. reactivity s ...
Topic guide 6.2: Phase equilibria
... pressure and temperature. From these observations and certain other key pieces of data, for example, the triple point of the substance (the temperature and pressure at which all three phases can exist), phase diagrams can be constructed. The phase diagram for carbon dioxide is displayed in Figure 6. ...
... pressure and temperature. From these observations and certain other key pieces of data, for example, the triple point of the substance (the temperature and pressure at which all three phases can exist), phase diagrams can be constructed. The phase diagram for carbon dioxide is displayed in Figure 6. ...
Paper
... density vector j and the direction of the PPP channels ("guiding direction"). The dc-current nonlinear guiding problem was exactly solved recently for the washboard PPP within the framework of the two-dimensional (2D) single-vortex stochastic model of anisotropic pinning based on the Fokker-Planck e ...
... density vector j and the direction of the PPP channels ("guiding direction"). The dc-current nonlinear guiding problem was exactly solved recently for the washboard PPP within the framework of the two-dimensional (2D) single-vortex stochastic model of anisotropic pinning based on the Fokker-Planck e ...
Superfluid helium-4
A superfluid is a state of matter in which the matter behaves like a fluid with zero viscosity and zero entropy. The substance, which looks like a normal liquid, will flow without friction past any surface, which allows it to continue to circulate over obstructions and through pores in containers which hold it, subject only to its own inertia.Known as a major facet in the study of quantum hydrodynamics and macroscopic quantum phenomena, the superfluidity effect was discovered by Pyotr Kapitsa and John F. Allen, and Don Misener in 1937. It has since been described through phenomenological and microscopic theories. The formation of the superfluid is known to be related to the formation of a Bose–Einstein condensate. This is made obvious by the fact that superfluidity occurs in liquid helium-4 at far higher temperatures than it does in helium-3. Each atom of helium-4 is a boson particle, by virtue of its zero spin. Helium-3, however, is a fermion particle, which can form bosons only by pairing with itself at much lower temperatures, in a process similar to the electron pairing in superconductivity.In the 1950s, Hall and Vinen performed experiments establishing the existence of quantized vortex lines in superfluid helium. In the 1960s, Rayfield and Reif established the existence of quantized vortex rings. Packard has observed the intersection of vortex lines with the free surface of the fluid, and Avenel and Varoquaux have studied the Josephson effect in superfluid helium-4. In 2006 a group at the University of Maryland visualized quantized vortices by using small tracer particles of solid hydrogen.