Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane (Isoflo, Schering-Plough, Welw yn Garden C ity, UK) and maintained using one of the following two regimens: (1) ketamine (100 mg / kg, i.p.; Ketaset, Willows Francis, Crawley, UK) and xylazine (10 mg / kg, i.p.; Rompun, Bayer, Germany) plus supplemental doses a ...
... Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane (Isoflo, Schering-Plough, Welw yn Garden C ity, UK) and maintained using one of the following two regimens: (1) ketamine (100 mg / kg, i.p.; Ketaset, Willows Francis, Crawley, UK) and xylazine (10 mg / kg, i.p.; Rompun, Bayer, Germany) plus supplemental doses a ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... the macaque monkey that become active during both execution and observation of the same action. This straightforward property is what enabled these neurons to conquer the fields of cognitive science and become one of the most acclaimed discoveries from the turn of the century. Whether it was a resul ...
... the macaque monkey that become active during both execution and observation of the same action. This straightforward property is what enabled these neurons to conquer the fields of cognitive science and become one of the most acclaimed discoveries from the turn of the century. Whether it was a resul ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... Figure 3 | Neuronal activity in primate striatum and orbitofrontal cortex related to the expectation of reward. a | Activity in a putamen neuron during a delayed go–no go task in which an initial cue instructs the monkey to produce or withhold a reaching movement following a trigger stimulus. The in ...
... Figure 3 | Neuronal activity in primate striatum and orbitofrontal cortex related to the expectation of reward. a | Activity in a putamen neuron during a delayed go–no go task in which an initial cue instructs the monkey to produce or withhold a reaching movement following a trigger stimulus. The in ...
A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: Fundamental
... introduced by using brain oscillations has become one of the most important conceptual and analytic tools for the understanding of cognitive processes. He proposes that a major task for neuroscience is to devise ways to study and analyze the activity of distributed systems in waking brains, in parti ...
... introduced by using brain oscillations has become one of the most important conceptual and analytic tools for the understanding of cognitive processes. He proposes that a major task for neuroscience is to devise ways to study and analyze the activity of distributed systems in waking brains, in parti ...
During Arm-Reaching and Isometric-Force Tasks
... ics during a reaching task, Kalaska et al. (1989) showed that the activity of many M1 neurons was modulated both by the direction in which the arm was pulled by the external forces and by the direction of movement and the static posture of the arm during unloaded arm movements. Furthermore, the dire ...
... ics during a reaching task, Kalaska et al. (1989) showed that the activity of many M1 neurons was modulated both by the direction in which the arm was pulled by the external forces and by the direction of movement and the static posture of the arm during unloaded arm movements. Furthermore, the dire ...
Neurulation I (Pevny)
... IE. If lateral ectoderm is removed the neural plate will not fold properly. ...
... IE. If lateral ectoderm is removed the neural plate will not fold properly. ...
pdf
... humans (19) and has been found to be associated with auditory attention (1, 20, 41) resulting in top-down modulation of auditory processing (25). This finding was further confirmed by electrophysiological data indicating that tinnitus might occur as the result of a dysfunction in the top-down inhibito ...
... humans (19) and has been found to be associated with auditory attention (1, 20, 41) resulting in top-down modulation of auditory processing (25). This finding was further confirmed by electrophysiological data indicating that tinnitus might occur as the result of a dysfunction in the top-down inhibito ...
Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator
... plus soleus (LGS), and tibialis anterior (TA) were dissected in both hind limbs. A laminectomy was performed at cervical C1–C3 and lumbosacral L4-S1 spinal segments; we removed the dura mater of the exposed spinal segments. After this, the animal was transported and mounted in a stereotaxic frame (N ...
... plus soleus (LGS), and tibialis anterior (TA) were dissected in both hind limbs. A laminectomy was performed at cervical C1–C3 and lumbosacral L4-S1 spinal segments; we removed the dura mater of the exposed spinal segments. After this, the animal was transported and mounted in a stereotaxic frame (N ...
SLEEP AND EEG
... Sleep Sleep is an active process, brain overall activity is not reduced. Sleeping people are not consciously aware of surrounding, but they have inward conscious experience e.g. dreams. They can be aroused by external stimuli e.g. alarm. Coma It is total unresponsiveness of a living person ...
... Sleep Sleep is an active process, brain overall activity is not reduced. Sleeping people are not consciously aware of surrounding, but they have inward conscious experience e.g. dreams. They can be aroused by external stimuli e.g. alarm. Coma It is total unresponsiveness of a living person ...
Descending Pathways in Motor Control
... a pathway in a selective manner that allows additional insight into function. Unfortunately, a completed checklist of all these features is still not available for any of the major mammalian descending pathways. We now have advanced anatomical details for many of them, but the functional roles of ea ...
... a pathway in a selective manner that allows additional insight into function. Unfortunately, a completed checklist of all these features is still not available for any of the major mammalian descending pathways. We now have advanced anatomical details for many of them, but the functional roles of ea ...
Spontaneous activity in developing sensory circuits
... The cerebral cortex is never quiet (Fox and Raichle, 2007). Even primary sensory regions are consistently active in the absence of sensory input, including during states of unconsciousness such as non-REM sleep and anesthesia (Bianciardi et al., 2009; Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Leopold and Logothetis, ...
... The cerebral cortex is never quiet (Fox and Raichle, 2007). Even primary sensory regions are consistently active in the absence of sensory input, including during states of unconsciousness such as non-REM sleep and anesthesia (Bianciardi et al., 2009; Hasenstaub et al., 2007; Leopold and Logothetis, ...
Corticomuscular Contributions to the Control of Rhythmic Movement
... neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent feedback. However, little is known about the interaction between cortical and muscular activity during whole body movement. This thesis aimed to investigate neuromuscular control a ...
... neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent feedback. However, little is known about the interaction between cortical and muscular activity during whole body movement. This thesis aimed to investigate neuromuscular control a ...
Chapter 9 Sleep and Biological Rhythms
... REM sleep also includes lack of muscle tonus, penile erection or vaginal secretion ...
... REM sleep also includes lack of muscle tonus, penile erection or vaginal secretion ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... Malagasy lemurs excepted) forage at night and depend on their keen sense of smell to locate nutrients, most monkeys forage during the day and rely greatly on vision to locate nutrients. (The owl monkey is an exception, but it needs moonlight to be active; Fernández-Duque et al., 2010). The neural pr ...
... Malagasy lemurs excepted) forage at night and depend on their keen sense of smell to locate nutrients, most monkeys forage during the day and rely greatly on vision to locate nutrients. (The owl monkey is an exception, but it needs moonlight to be active; Fernández-Duque et al., 2010). The neural pr ...
Discharge Rate of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons Is
... Spike-trains were used for further analysis only if their spike waveforms were reliably separated from those of other units during the on-line spike sorting. Each of these spike trains was then analyzed for stability. In this analysis, the rate of each unit as a function of time was displayed graphi ...
... Spike-trains were used for further analysis only if their spike waveforms were reliably separated from those of other units during the on-line spike sorting. Each of these spike trains was then analyzed for stability. In this analysis, the rate of each unit as a function of time was displayed graphi ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... to the event. Do these neurons show the anticipatory activity because the event is likely to occur? Or do they show the anticipatory activity because the event leads to reward? Most of the previous studies were not designed to differentiate between these possibilities, since the task-related events ...
... to the event. Do these neurons show the anticipatory activity because the event is likely to occur? Or do they show the anticipatory activity because the event leads to reward? Most of the previous studies were not designed to differentiate between these possibilities, since the task-related events ...
Experimental Brain Research 221(1)
... (situated between V6 and MIP within the superior parietal cortex near the junction of the dorsal parieto-occipital sulcus, POS) (Fattori et al. 2001, 2009a; Galletti et al. 2003) and a putative ‘parietal reach region’ (PRR) that straddles the boundary between MIP and V6A (Batista et al. 1999; Buneo ...
... (situated between V6 and MIP within the superior parietal cortex near the junction of the dorsal parieto-occipital sulcus, POS) (Fattori et al. 2001, 2009a; Galletti et al. 2003) and a putative ‘parietal reach region’ (PRR) that straddles the boundary between MIP and V6A (Batista et al. 1999; Buneo ...
Constraints on Somatotopic Organization in the Primary Motor Cortex
... the relatively large number of points stimulated along the precentral gyrus (in many other cases, because of the possible risk of setting off seizures by stimulation of the motor cortex, many points along the postcentral gyrus were stimulated, and only a few along the precentral gyrus; personal comm ...
... the relatively large number of points stimulated along the precentral gyrus (in many other cases, because of the possible risk of setting off seizures by stimulation of the motor cortex, many points along the postcentral gyrus were stimulated, and only a few along the precentral gyrus; personal comm ...
[PDF]
... the columnar level, the primary visual cortex represents not only the positions of stimuli on the retina but also the orientations of line segments. Durbin and Mitchison (1990) showed that when this three-dimensional stimulus space is reduced onto a two dimensional sheet, the mathematically optimal ...
... the columnar level, the primary visual cortex represents not only the positions of stimuli on the retina but also the orientations of line segments. Durbin and Mitchison (1990) showed that when this three-dimensional stimulus space is reduced onto a two dimensional sheet, the mathematically optimal ...
Text - Spectrum: Concordia
... psychosis. With the help of internet technology, these treatment sessions can occur over great distances. The cyberpsychotherapy system uses a quantum signal generator for the induction of altered states of consciousness, based on the so-called Koren Helmet of Persinger’s (1983). Cyberpsychotherapy ...
... psychosis. With the help of internet technology, these treatment sessions can occur over great distances. The cyberpsychotherapy system uses a quantum signal generator for the induction of altered states of consciousness, based on the so-called Koren Helmet of Persinger’s (1983). Cyberpsychotherapy ...
Mechanisms for generating and compensating for the
... whether similar interactions between cognition and saccades could be found at the level of microsaccades. These results ushered in a new array of queries about the brain mechanisms associated with microsaccades. Thus, the hallmark of the first decade of the twentyfirst century was a renewed interest i ...
... whether similar interactions between cognition and saccades could be found at the level of microsaccades. These results ushered in a new array of queries about the brain mechanisms associated with microsaccades. Thus, the hallmark of the first decade of the twentyfirst century was a renewed interest i ...
neurophysics.ucsd.edu
... Graduate Program in Neurosciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Department of Physics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ...
... Graduate Program in Neurosciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Department of Physics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA ...
Optogenetic Brain Interfaces
... screens for new microbial rhodopsins in all kingdoms of life have led to the discovery of several new variants, which show diverse functional properties such as spectral tuning, ionic selectivity, and compatibility towards mammalian cell expression [35]–[38]. These proteins, encoded by genes from di ...
... screens for new microbial rhodopsins in all kingdoms of life have led to the discovery of several new variants, which show diverse functional properties such as spectral tuning, ionic selectivity, and compatibility towards mammalian cell expression [35]–[38]. These proteins, encoded by genes from di ...
Role of Cerebral Cortex in Voluntary Movements
... have revealed some specific motor functions for several cerebral cortical areas. These areas include primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor area, parietal areas 5 and 7, and prefrontal area. Execution of movement is a function of the primary motor cortex, which translates program i ...
... have revealed some specific motor functions for several cerebral cortical areas. These areas include primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, premotor area, parietal areas 5 and 7, and prefrontal area. Execution of movement is a function of the primary motor cortex, which translates program i ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation by
... In this review, we focus on neuronal operant conditioning in which increments in neuronal activities are directly rewarded without behaviors. We discuss the potential of this approach to elucidate neuronal plasticity for enhancing specific brain functions and its interaction with the progress in neu ...
... In this review, we focus on neuronal operant conditioning in which increments in neuronal activities are directly rewarded without behaviors. We discuss the potential of this approach to elucidate neuronal plasticity for enhancing specific brain functions and its interaction with the progress in neu ...