All worms have some things in common. All of them are
... called segments. Annelids also have a digestive system that has two openings. They also have a closed circulatory system. Blood is enclosed in the heart and blood vessels. Segmented worms have several body organs and systems. They have five paired organs that act like hearts to pump their blood thr ...
... called segments. Annelids also have a digestive system that has two openings. They also have a closed circulatory system. Blood is enclosed in the heart and blood vessels. Segmented worms have several body organs and systems. They have five paired organs that act like hearts to pump their blood thr ...
setting the stage: phenotypic plasticity as habitat selection
... effects refer to the genetic component of a social environment that influences the evolution of other phenotypes. The concept is innovative in giving the environment—in this case, the social context—the ability to evolve. I argue that if phenotypic plasticity has a genetic basis and can evolve, then ...
... effects refer to the genetic component of a social environment that influences the evolution of other phenotypes. The concept is innovative in giving the environment—in this case, the social context—the ability to evolve. I argue that if phenotypic plasticity has a genetic basis and can evolve, then ...
The evolution of trade‐offs: where are we?
... for the conclusion that all evolutionary trajectories are possible. In general, statistical representations of bivariate trade-offs permit, at best, only weak inferences about how constrained, in the sense of being biased, evolutionary trajectories are likely to be. While it is probably true that, i ...
... for the conclusion that all evolutionary trajectories are possible. In general, statistical representations of bivariate trade-offs permit, at best, only weak inferences about how constrained, in the sense of being biased, evolutionary trajectories are likely to be. While it is probably true that, i ...
Phenotypic flexibility and the evolution of organismal design
... in January– March 1992 and again a year later), survived longer after March 1993 compared with individuals that did not shrink so much. Based on data from [71]. ...
... in January– March 1992 and again a year later), survived longer after March 1993 compared with individuals that did not shrink so much. Based on data from [71]. ...
Multidimensional convergence stability
... INTRODUCTION An evolutionary analysis of several traits considered together can differ from a set of singletrait analyses in two basic ways. First, there may be fitness interactions between traits, so that the strength and perhaps direction of natural selection on one trait depend on other traits. F ...
... INTRODUCTION An evolutionary analysis of several traits considered together can differ from a set of singletrait analyses in two basic ways. First, there may be fitness interactions between traits, so that the strength and perhaps direction of natural selection on one trait depend on other traits. F ...
Phenotypic plasticity in evolutionary rescue experiments
... climate change, species introductions and other anthropogenic modifications of the environment [1,2]. Evolution on the time-scale of population dynamics may affect the demography of a species, that is, the set of vital rates (survivals and fecundities) that determine the size and age/stage compositi ...
... climate change, species introductions and other anthropogenic modifications of the environment [1,2]. Evolution on the time-scale of population dynamics may affect the demography of a species, that is, the set of vital rates (survivals and fecundities) that determine the size and age/stage compositi ...
Losos_Seeing - Harvard University
... evolutionary shifts occurred such that closely related species tended to share selective regimes. However, if all clades experience the same selective conditions, then phenotypic similarity would not be a function of phylogenetic relatedness. Populations that deviated from the selective optimum woul ...
... evolutionary shifts occurred such that closely related species tended to share selective regimes. However, if all clades experience the same selective conditions, then phenotypic similarity would not be a function of phylogenetic relatedness. Populations that deviated from the selective optimum woul ...
Honey, I shrunk the organization: in search of
... sciences if we consider the analysis of the relationship between Darwin and Malthus (Vorzimmer, 1969), and the contribute of the idea of struggle for existence to the Darwinian theory of natural selection. Recently, though, evolutionary researchers are following the reverse path. Dawkins (2006) uses ...
... sciences if we consider the analysis of the relationship between Darwin and Malthus (Vorzimmer, 1969), and the contribute of the idea of struggle for existence to the Darwinian theory of natural selection. Recently, though, evolutionary researchers are following the reverse path. Dawkins (2006) uses ...
- Wiley Online Library
... change are clearly occurring. Of the 38 studies that met our criteria for inclusion, all found plastic or evolutionary responses, with 26 studies showing both. These responses, however, may be insufficient to keep pace with climate change, as indicated by eight of 12 studies that examined this direc ...
... change are clearly occurring. Of the 38 studies that met our criteria for inclusion, all found plastic or evolutionary responses, with 26 studies showing both. These responses, however, may be insufficient to keep pace with climate change, as indicated by eight of 12 studies that examined this direc ...
Canalization, Genetic Assimilation and Preadaptation: A
... directly induced by stressful external conditions. Some of these changes, being more suitable to the present environment than the current wild type, will help the population to survive through the critical situation and at the same time will provide natural selection with genetic variation that the ...
... directly induced by stressful external conditions. Some of these changes, being more suitable to the present environment than the current wild type, will help the population to survive through the critical situation and at the same time will provide natural selection with genetic variation that the ...
The danger of applying the breeder`s equation in observational
... what genes will be represented in the next generation. For instance, in scenario 1, individuals with genes that promote large phenotypic values (red upward-pointing triangles) will be increasingly represented in future generations, given that the scenario illustrated in the top panels exists. In con ...
... what genes will be represented in the next generation. For instance, in scenario 1, individuals with genes that promote large phenotypic values (red upward-pointing triangles) will be increasingly represented in future generations, given that the scenario illustrated in the top panels exists. In con ...
(Roger Patterson)
... demonstrates the false assumption that a commitment to evolution and naturalism is necessary to practice science. Each of these active scientists shares how faith in a literal interpretation of Scripture and scientific pursuits reinforce one another. In the Beginning Was Information by Werner Gitt ( ...
... demonstrates the false assumption that a commitment to evolution and naturalism is necessary to practice science. Each of these active scientists shares how faith in a literal interpretation of Scripture and scientific pursuits reinforce one another. In the Beginning Was Information by Werner Gitt ( ...
IV. PROKARYOTES – EUBACTERIA, cont
... • Genetic Drift o Changes in the gene pool due to chance. More often seen in small population sizes. Usually reduces genetic variability. There are two situations that can drastically reduce population size: The Bottleneck Effect: type of genetic drift resulting from a reduction in population (nat ...
... • Genetic Drift o Changes in the gene pool due to chance. More often seen in small population sizes. Usually reduces genetic variability. There are two situations that can drastically reduce population size: The Bottleneck Effect: type of genetic drift resulting from a reduction in population (nat ...
Does Darwin belong in business? The danger and
... optimality in their organisations; an implicit evolution to more advanced/adapted measurement systems. For example, ERP systems embody Best Practice. This may lead to stasis - another biological concept. After a period of rapid change/adaptation, an organism stays in a static level of development un ...
... optimality in their organisations; an implicit evolution to more advanced/adapted measurement systems. For example, ERP systems embody Best Practice. This may lead to stasis - another biological concept. After a period of rapid change/adaptation, an organism stays in a static level of development un ...
The structure of evolution by natural selection
... alternative explanations of differential reproduction have been eliminated as likely causes) have been accumulated. But the theory makes a general claim – that superior adaptation leads in general to superior survival and reproduction, at least where unlikely chance factors, such as a catastrophic bo ...
... alternative explanations of differential reproduction have been eliminated as likely causes) have been accumulated. But the theory makes a general claim – that superior adaptation leads in general to superior survival and reproduction, at least where unlikely chance factors, such as a catastrophic bo ...
Human Locomotion and Heat Loss: An Evolutionary Perspective
... walking, probably because it improved their ability to forage efficiently. However, because bipedal hominins are necessarily slow runners, early hominins in open habitats likely benefited from improved abilities to dump heat in order to forage safely during times of peak heat when predators were una ...
... walking, probably because it improved their ability to forage efficiently. However, because bipedal hominins are necessarily slow runners, early hominins in open habitats likely benefited from improved abilities to dump heat in order to forage safely during times of peak heat when predators were una ...
Origins of evolutionary transitions
... a transition excludes. The evolution of flight, for example, constituted a step-change in bird evolution, but not one that involved any composition of birds into higher-level entities. The origin of segmentation, for another, involves a new relationship between parts and whole, but does not constitu ...
... a transition excludes. The evolution of flight, for example, constituted a step-change in bird evolution, but not one that involved any composition of birds into higher-level entities. The origin of segmentation, for another, involves a new relationship between parts and whole, but does not constitu ...
Evolutionary Connectionism: Algorithmic Principles Underlying the
... side-effects on other traits? What is it about the organisation of an ecological community that causes some ecological relationships to remain stable over long periods of selection and applies a strong selective pressure for changes in other ecological relationships (e.g. between a particular herbiv ...
... side-effects on other traits? What is it about the organisation of an ecological community that causes some ecological relationships to remain stable over long periods of selection and applies a strong selective pressure for changes in other ecological relationships (e.g. between a particular herbiv ...
Neutral stability, drift, and the diversification of languages Christina Pawlowitsch Panayotis Mertikopoulos
... signaling system. Lewis—who writes just before the advent of evolutionary game theory—motivates this by the “salient” character of these strategies. Later, when Lewis’ model has been taken up under the use of methods which in the meantime had been introduced by evolutionary game theory, it has been ...
... signaling system. Lewis—who writes just before the advent of evolutionary game theory—motivates this by the “salient” character of these strategies. Later, when Lewis’ model has been taken up under the use of methods which in the meantime had been introduced by evolutionary game theory, it has been ...
Natural Selection and Evolution
... each summer for many years • Documented natural selection • Results described in book “The Beak of the Finch” Thursday, January 17, 2013 ...
... each summer for many years • Documented natural selection • Results described in book “The Beak of the Finch” Thursday, January 17, 2013 ...
CHAPTER 2 Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory
... 5. Why is Linnaeus’s taxonomic system called a “nested hierarchy”? Considering that Linnaeus was not an evolutionist, why is his system still used today by evolutionary biologists? ANS: Linnaeus organized species into ever more inclusive higher-order taxonomic groups based on overall similarity. So ...
... 5. Why is Linnaeus’s taxonomic system called a “nested hierarchy”? Considering that Linnaeus was not an evolutionist, why is his system still used today by evolutionary biologists? ANS: Linnaeus organized species into ever more inclusive higher-order taxonomic groups based on overall similarity. So ...
FREE Sample Here
... The diversity of the various finch populations lent support to the idea that over time natural selection could transform a single common ancestral form into a variety of descendant species. This phenomenon is referred to as adaptive radiation. Each descendant species had adapted to its particular ha ...
... The diversity of the various finch populations lent support to the idea that over time natural selection could transform a single common ancestral form into a variety of descendant species. This phenomenon is referred to as adaptive radiation. Each descendant species had adapted to its particular ha ...
Chapter 2—Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory
... The diversity of the various finch populations lent support to the idea that over time natural selection could transform a single common ancestral form into a variety of descendant species. This phenomenon is referred to as adaptive radiation. Each descendant species had adapted to its particular ha ...
... The diversity of the various finch populations lent support to the idea that over time natural selection could transform a single common ancestral form into a variety of descendant species. This phenomenon is referred to as adaptive radiation. Each descendant species had adapted to its particular ha ...
as a PDF
... to think in terms of macroevolutionary change and divergence across widely disparate taxa; in other words, in terms of what could or could not be ‘built’ given sufficient time and mutational input. This leads to a more absolute view of constraints. At the other end of the spectrum, evolutionary gene ...
... to think in terms of macroevolutionary change and divergence across widely disparate taxa; in other words, in terms of what could or could not be ‘built’ given sufficient time and mutational input. This leads to a more absolute view of constraints. At the other end of the spectrum, evolutionary gene ...
Understanding Natural Selection: Essential Concepts and Common
... and the “Struggle for Existence” A key observation underlying natural selection is that, in principle, populations have the capacity to increase in numbers exponentially (or “geometrically”). This is a simple function of mathematics: If one organism produces two offspring, and each of them produces ...
... and the “Struggle for Existence” A key observation underlying natural selection is that, in principle, populations have the capacity to increase in numbers exponentially (or “geometrically”). This is a simple function of mathematics: If one organism produces two offspring, and each of them produces ...