The Present Status of Chinese Study of Solar Eclipses
... that occurred during a three-century period, and came up with four possible dates: 2043 BC, 2019 BC, 1970 BC, and 1961 BC. The research group led by Li Xueqin (1999) re-evaluated the famous “three flames eat the Sun” event which is typically associated with a solar eclipse, and found instead that it ...
... that occurred during a three-century period, and came up with four possible dates: 2043 BC, 2019 BC, 1970 BC, and 1961 BC. The research group led by Li Xueqin (1999) re-evaluated the famous “three flames eat the Sun” event which is typically associated with a solar eclipse, and found instead that it ...
Spin down of a stellar interior 1 Introduction Rosalind Oglethorpe
... in Figure 1. At the equator, the rotation is fast with a period of about 25 days. The period increases with latitude, reaching about 30 days near the poles. The reason for this differential rotation is not yet completely understood. It is known that the turbulence in rotating convection is strongly ...
... in Figure 1. At the equator, the rotation is fast with a period of about 25 days. The period increases with latitude, reaching about 30 days near the poles. The reason for this differential rotation is not yet completely understood. It is known that the turbulence in rotating convection is strongly ...
The role of emerging bipoles in the formation of a sunspot penumbra
... small-scale flux emergence contributes to the growth of the sunspot. Zwaan (1992) reviews the observations of the sunspot formation. He shows that a sunspot forms by coalescence of pores. Here we present an alternative way of flux accumulation to form a sunspot. The small-scale bipolar loops that a ...
... small-scale flux emergence contributes to the growth of the sunspot. Zwaan (1992) reviews the observations of the sunspot formation. He shows that a sunspot forms by coalescence of pores. Here we present an alternative way of flux accumulation to form a sunspot. The small-scale bipolar loops that a ...
MHD seismology as a tool to diagnose the coronae of X
... processes (e.g., typical reconnection process) in such stellar coronae of mid- to lateM type stars to build-up and release of the large amount of magnetic energy stored in their coronal magnetic fields (e.g., Reiners & Basri 2010). Above mentioned properties of the cool dwarfs are summarized in Fuhr ...
... processes (e.g., typical reconnection process) in such stellar coronae of mid- to lateM type stars to build-up and release of the large amount of magnetic energy stored in their coronal magnetic fields (e.g., Reiners & Basri 2010). Above mentioned properties of the cool dwarfs are summarized in Fuhr ...
The synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds in evolved stars
... By comparing the spectral features of known minerals with astronomical spectroscopic observations, we are able to identify inorganic solid-state materials that are synthesized in stars. However, the circumstellar envelopes of stars may harbour new substances made under conditions different from thos ...
... By comparing the spectral features of known minerals with astronomical spectroscopic observations, we are able to identify inorganic solid-state materials that are synthesized in stars. However, the circumstellar envelopes of stars may harbour new substances made under conditions different from thos ...
The Solar System: Terrestrials versus Jovians and Planetary Evolution
... The volume of Jupiter would enclose more than 1000 Earths, yet its mass is ‘only’(!) 318 Earths - suggesting it has a much lower density than Earth. ...
... The volume of Jupiter would enclose more than 1000 Earths, yet its mass is ‘only’(!) 318 Earths - suggesting it has a much lower density than Earth. ...
Neptune Mission Concept
... • Magnetic dipole is highly tilted and offset from the planet’s center • Changes in the magnetosphere are dramatic as the planet rotates and different parts of the field encounter the solar wind ...
... • Magnetic dipole is highly tilted and offset from the planet’s center • Changes in the magnetosphere are dramatic as the planet rotates and different parts of the field encounter the solar wind ...
Slides - Geophysical Sciences
... The Kuiper Belt started with higher mass that was scattered by the planets’ changing orbits The resonance moves the planets into higher e, i orbits Compton Lectures – Autumn 2012 ...
... The Kuiper Belt started with higher mass that was scattered by the planets’ changing orbits The resonance moves the planets into higher e, i orbits Compton Lectures – Autumn 2012 ...
UV Irradiation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ices
... can account for important details in the IR emission spectra of a wide variety of interstellar objects. For example, IR features of Hn-PAHs fit a number of weak emission features between 3080 and 2700 cm21 (3.25 to 3.7 mm) in the H I 3 H II transition region of the Orion Bar (21). The addition of ex ...
... can account for important details in the IR emission spectra of a wide variety of interstellar objects. For example, IR features of Hn-PAHs fit a number of weak emission features between 3080 and 2700 cm21 (3.25 to 3.7 mm) in the H I 3 H II transition region of the Orion Bar (21). The addition of ex ...
Solar chromospheric flares: energy release, transport and radiation
... acceleration of charged particles on the Sun requires an electric field, which may be an ordered, large-scale field such as in a current sheet or shrinking magnetic structure, or a stochastic field such as in a turbulent outflow region (see Zharkova et al. (2011) for a recent theoretical overview). ...
... acceleration of charged particles on the Sun requires an electric field, which may be an ordered, large-scale field such as in a current sheet or shrinking magnetic structure, or a stochastic field such as in a turbulent outflow region (see Zharkova et al. (2011) for a recent theoretical overview). ...
Penumbral thermal structure below the visible surface
... but so far it was not possible to distinguish them observationally. While in a thin penumbra the magnetopause (defined as the current sheet separating the penumbral magnetic field from the surrounding convection) is located at τ5 ≈ 1, in a thick penumbra it lies at greater depth. Therefore, if the p ...
... but so far it was not possible to distinguish them observationally. While in a thin penumbra the magnetopause (defined as the current sheet separating the penumbral magnetic field from the surrounding convection) is located at τ5 ≈ 1, in a thick penumbra it lies at greater depth. Therefore, if the p ...
CHAPTER 24 MS Earth, Moon, and Sun
... Earth’s Shape, Size, and Mass As you walk, the ground usually looks pretty flat, even though the Earth is round. How do we know this? We have pictures of Earth taken from space that show that Earth is round. Astronauts aboard the Apollo 17 shuttle took this one, called “The Blue Marble” (Figure 24.1 ...
... Earth’s Shape, Size, and Mass As you walk, the ground usually looks pretty flat, even though the Earth is round. How do we know this? We have pictures of Earth taken from space that show that Earth is round. Astronauts aboard the Apollo 17 shuttle took this one, called “The Blue Marble” (Figure 24.1 ...
Real Properties of Electromagnetic Fields and
... The central point in Fig. 1 from which energy is supposedly released by magnetic reconnection (merging) is a neutral point, one at which the magnetic field strength is zero valued. Fig. 2 provides a simple example that demonstrates how such a neutral point can be created. The field structure that is ...
... The central point in Fig. 1 from which energy is supposedly released by magnetic reconnection (merging) is a neutral point, one at which the magnetic field strength is zero valued. Fig. 2 provides a simple example that demonstrates how such a neutral point can be created. The field structure that is ...
Comets do not orbit forever.
... F. Size of Coma and Tail: The coma may be larger than _the Sun_, and ion tails have been observed to extend _1 AU_ (150 million km) or more G. Shape of Nuclei: Because of their low mass, comet nuclei have _irregular_ shapes. H. Tails: The streams of dust and gas each form their own distinct tail, po ...
... F. Size of Coma and Tail: The coma may be larger than _the Sun_, and ion tails have been observed to extend _1 AU_ (150 million km) or more G. Shape of Nuclei: Because of their low mass, comet nuclei have _irregular_ shapes. H. Tails: The streams of dust and gas each form their own distinct tail, po ...
Cosmological dynamics with non-minimally coupled scalar field and
... 1/ Introduction The so-called CDM new standard model of cosmology has reached a robustness level comparable to the one of the standard model of particle physics. However these two standard models are in conflict about the issue of the dark matter, an outcome of the cosmological standard model that ...
... 1/ Introduction The so-called CDM new standard model of cosmology has reached a robustness level comparable to the one of the standard model of particle physics. However these two standard models are in conflict about the issue of the dark matter, an outcome of the cosmological standard model that ...
Three-dimensional simulations of the upper
... MLT assumptions, did not provide sufficiently good starting conditions for the 3D simulations, and the simulation failed to evolve towards a statistically stationary state. To overcome this problem, improved 1D starting models for the two subgiant models were then constructed which partially include ...
... MLT assumptions, did not provide sufficiently good starting conditions for the 3D simulations, and the simulation failed to evolve towards a statistically stationary state. To overcome this problem, improved 1D starting models for the two subgiant models were then constructed which partially include ...
Nonlinear force-free field extrapolation in spherical geometry
... scanned from terrestrial south to north; it takes about 20 min to complete one vector magnetogram. After the scan is done, the data are sent to an automatic data reduction pipeline that includes dark and flat field correction. Once the spectra are properly calibrated, full disk vector (magnetic fiel ...
... scanned from terrestrial south to north; it takes about 20 min to complete one vector magnetogram. After the scan is done, the data are sent to an automatic data reduction pipeline that includes dark and flat field correction. Once the spectra are properly calibrated, full disk vector (magnetic fiel ...
Current Systems in Planetary Magnetospheres and Ionospheres
... increases, reaching a magnitude ten times higher than the incident solar wind magnetic field just outside the ionospause. In the plane perpendicular to the solar wind convection electric field, the magnetic field lines are bent and diverge as shown in Fig. 2, squeezing out the solar wind plasma from ...
... increases, reaching a magnitude ten times higher than the incident solar wind magnetic field just outside the ionospause. In the plane perpendicular to the solar wind convection electric field, the magnetic field lines are bent and diverge as shown in Fig. 2, squeezing out the solar wind plasma from ...
Solar Weather Event Modelling and Prediction
... indicating that the results obtained from ANN are in good agreement with the actual values. To date, such an approach seems to be the most promising and is widely used in prediction systems e.g. for sunspots and flares, as reported in Sects. 4.1.3 and 4.2.2. The chaotic nature of the Sun as a comple ...
... indicating that the results obtained from ANN are in good agreement with the actual values. To date, such an approach seems to be the most promising and is widely used in prediction systems e.g. for sunspots and flares, as reported in Sects. 4.1.3 and 4.2.2. The chaotic nature of the Sun as a comple ...
COMETS! - Santa Ana College
... A comet is a big dirty snowball. Some comets have more ice and water than others. Comets are also made up of frozen gases, such as carbon monoxide, methane and ammonia, plus organic materials (materials that form life) such as hydrocarbons and amino acids. These materials were created during the bir ...
... A comet is a big dirty snowball. Some comets have more ice and water than others. Comets are also made up of frozen gases, such as carbon monoxide, methane and ammonia, plus organic materials (materials that form life) such as hydrocarbons and amino acids. These materials were created during the bir ...
3. Solar System Formation and Early Evolution
... observations of our galaxy (the Milky Way) and other galaxies tell us. The birthplace of stars are the so-called ‘‘molecular clouds’’, i.e., vast, cold volumes of gas (mostly molecular hydrogen and helium, and also complex organic molecules, with so far up to 11 C atoms: see Ehrenfreund and Charnley ...
... observations of our galaxy (the Milky Way) and other galaxies tell us. The birthplace of stars are the so-called ‘‘molecular clouds’’, i.e., vast, cold volumes of gas (mostly molecular hydrogen and helium, and also complex organic molecules, with so far up to 11 C atoms: see Ehrenfreund and Charnley ...
Ray Davis: The Scientist and the Man
... Ray, I believe this discovery would not have been made in the 20th century. You can get some feeling for how hard solar neutrino experiments are from the fact that it took more than twenty years after Ray began his experiment before a second experiment (Kamiokande) was started. In the early days of ...
... Ray, I believe this discovery would not have been made in the 20th century. You can get some feeling for how hard solar neutrino experiments are from the fact that it took more than twenty years after Ray began his experiment before a second experiment (Kamiokande) was started. In the early days of ...
cosmic-ray neon, wolf-rayet stars, and the superbubble origin of
... function of galactocentric radius, and that as one moves toward the Galactic center that density increases; (2) the W-R star density decreases more rapidly than the O star density with increasing galactocentric radius (Meylan & Maeder 1983; van der Hucht 2001); and (3) these W-R stars enrich the Gal ...
... function of galactocentric radius, and that as one moves toward the Galactic center that density increases; (2) the W-R star density decreases more rapidly than the O star density with increasing galactocentric radius (Meylan & Maeder 1983; van der Hucht 2001); and (3) these W-R stars enrich the Gal ...
Exploring the Asteroids
... asteroid. Vesta orbits about 2.4 AU from the Sun (1 AU = 150 million km) ice. Ceres seems to possess frosty polar caps and a tenuous atmosphere. Vesta in many ways resembles the inner planets like Mars and Earth, while Ceres is more like one of the icy moons of the outer planets, such as Callisto. C ...
... asteroid. Vesta orbits about 2.4 AU from the Sun (1 AU = 150 million km) ice. Ceres seems to possess frosty polar caps and a tenuous atmosphere. Vesta in many ways resembles the inner planets like Mars and Earth, while Ceres is more like one of the icy moons of the outer planets, such as Callisto. C ...
Heliosphere
The heliosphere is the bubble-like region of space dominated by the Sun, which extends far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Plasma ""blown"" out from the Sun, known as the solar wind, creates and maintains this bubble against the outside pressure of the interstellar medium, the hydrogen and helium gas that permeates the Milky Way Galaxy. The solar wind flows outward from the Sun until encountering the termination shock, where motion slows abruptly. The Voyager spacecraft have actively explored the outer reaches of the heliosphere, passing through the shock and entering the heliosheath, a transitional region which is in turn bounded by the outermost edge of the heliosphere, called the heliopause. The overall shape of the heliosphere is controlled by the interstellar medium, through which it is traveling, as well as the Sun, and does not appear to be perfectly spherical. The limited data available and unexplored nature of these structures have resulted in many theories.On September 12, 2013, NASA announced that Voyager 1 had exited the heliosphere on August 25, 2012, when it measured a sudden increase in plasma density of about forty times. Because the heliopause marks one boundary between the Sun's solar wind and the rest of the galaxy, a spacecraft such as Voyager 1 which has departed the heliosphere can be said to have reached interstellar space.