Are introduced rats (Rattus rattus) both seed predators and
... widespread and problematic invasive mammals affecting islands (Lowe et al. 2000; Drake and Hunt 2009; Traveset et al. 2009). Through mostly unintentional introductions by humans, these rodents occupy > 80% of the major islands worldwide (Atkinson 1985; Towns 2009). As a consequence of their omnivoro ...
... widespread and problematic invasive mammals affecting islands (Lowe et al. 2000; Drake and Hunt 2009; Traveset et al. 2009). Through mostly unintentional introductions by humans, these rodents occupy > 80% of the major islands worldwide (Atkinson 1985; Towns 2009). As a consequence of their omnivoro ...
Dispersal vacuum in the seedling recruitment of a primate
... were well mixed and randomly distributed at low density throughout the forest. Nearly 90% of seed traps failed to capture intact seeds each year, suggesting extreme seed limitation. This was further reinforced by a strong positive correlation across species between the spatial distribution of disper ...
... were well mixed and randomly distributed at low density throughout the forest. Nearly 90% of seed traps failed to capture intact seeds each year, suggesting extreme seed limitation. This was further reinforced by a strong positive correlation across species between the spatial distribution of disper ...
Do floral syndromes predict specialization in plant pollination
... roupelliae (Proteaceae), reflects ecological specialization for bird-pollination. A breeding system experiment established that the species is self-compatible, but dependent on visits by pollinators for seed set. The cup-shaped inflorescences were visited by a wide range of insect and bird species; ...
... roupelliae (Proteaceae), reflects ecological specialization for bird-pollination. A breeding system experiment established that the species is self-compatible, but dependent on visits by pollinators for seed set. The cup-shaped inflorescences were visited by a wide range of insect and bird species; ...
Chapter 1 [in PDF format] - Princeton University Press
... fluids with efficient skin exchanges, respiratory ...
... fluids with efficient skin exchanges, respiratory ...
Seed Preferences of the Giant Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys ingens) in
... A keystone species is defined as a one that has a strong effect on the composition of other species in the ecosystem compared to its own abundance (Paine 1966). In some ecosystems, rodents are considered keystone species (Brown and Heske 1990) because of their selective consumption of plant seeds. T ...
... A keystone species is defined as a one that has a strong effect on the composition of other species in the ecosystem compared to its own abundance (Paine 1966). In some ecosystems, rodents are considered keystone species (Brown and Heske 1990) because of their selective consumption of plant seeds. T ...
Importance of fragmentation-tolerant species as seed
... producing seed in non-mast years. Seedling densities were comparable in watersheds with and without S. carolinensis. These results demonstrate the importance of tree squirrels as dispersers of nut-bearing trees, but suggest that fragmentation may not disrupt dispersal of certain species if losing S. ...
... producing seed in non-mast years. Seedling densities were comparable in watersheds with and without S. carolinensis. These results demonstrate the importance of tree squirrels as dispersers of nut-bearing trees, but suggest that fragmentation may not disrupt dispersal of certain species if losing S. ...
Seed Dispersal by Brown Bears, Ursus arctos, in Southeastern Alaska
... by bears on seed dispersal may be transport, rather than shifts of germination behavior of seeds passed through the digestive tract. In a companion study, the probability of seed deposition by Brown Bears on Chichagof Island was greatest at 600-900m from a source (Patten 1993). The greatest distance ...
... by bears on seed dispersal may be transport, rather than shifts of germination behavior of seeds passed through the digestive tract. In a companion study, the probability of seed deposition by Brown Bears on Chichagof Island was greatest at 600-900m from a source (Patten 1993). The greatest distance ...
Indirect interactions among tropical tree species through shared
... 1970) in a true graded continuum (Ali & Agrawal 2012). In tropical forests, an important part of seed and seedling mortality appears to be caused by such shared enemies which eat seeds or fruits of a whole group of tree species with similar size, texture and internal structure (Holt 1997). For examp ...
... 1970) in a true graded continuum (Ali & Agrawal 2012). In tropical forests, an important part of seed and seedling mortality appears to be caused by such shared enemies which eat seeds or fruits of a whole group of tree species with similar size, texture and internal structure (Holt 1997). For examp ...
Chapter 5 Plant Growth and Development
... seed produced by some legumes, such as rose clover, can allow seed to survive in the soil for more than 20 years. Temperature also influences germination. Seeds from different species and even seeds from the same plant typically can germinate over a wide range of temperatures. Seeds often have a tem ...
... seed produced by some legumes, such as rose clover, can allow seed to survive in the soil for more than 20 years. Temperature also influences germination. Seeds from different species and even seeds from the same plant typically can germinate over a wide range of temperatures. Seeds often have a tem ...
Pollination Biology
... During his lifetime, his work was neglected, not only because it seemed to many of his contemporaries as obscene that flowers had something to do with sexual functions, but also because the immanent importance of his findings on the aspects of selection and evolution was not recognized. Until C. Dar ...
... During his lifetime, his work was neglected, not only because it seemed to many of his contemporaries as obscene that flowers had something to do with sexual functions, but also because the immanent importance of his findings on the aspects of selection and evolution was not recognized. Until C. Dar ...
Maternal adjustment of offspring provisioning and the consequences
... maternal competitive environment and the associated seed dispersal consequences. We measured the average size of seeds produced by plants experiencing different competitive environments in order to test the hypothesis that mother plants respond to crowding by providing fewer resources to each offspr ...
... maternal competitive environment and the associated seed dispersal consequences. We measured the average size of seeds produced by plants experiencing different competitive environments in order to test the hypothesis that mother plants respond to crowding by providing fewer resources to each offspr ...
Ecological Genetics and the Restoration of Plant Communities
... In contrast, hybridization between genetically dissimilar individuals may also result in a decline of progRestoration Ecology ...
... In contrast, hybridization between genetically dissimilar individuals may also result in a decline of progRestoration Ecology ...
pdf
... of predator and seed species as within-block effects. The following design was repeated in the four study sites. Four blocks (replicates) were randomly selected within each microhabitat, each block consisting of an individual plant (in the case of shrub microhabitats) or a square 2 × 2 m in an open ...
... of predator and seed species as within-block effects. The following design was repeated in the four study sites. Four blocks (replicates) were randomly selected within each microhabitat, each block consisting of an individual plant (in the case of shrub microhabitats) or a square 2 × 2 m in an open ...
Scatter-and clump-dispersal and seedling demography
... still leave seeds in dense concentrations. Rodents sometimes mine seeds from dung piles (e.g. Janzen 1982b, 1986), but this probably represents seed predation rather than seed dispersal. The key feature of clump-dispersal for plant demography is that virtually all seeds, both dispersed and undispers ...
... still leave seeds in dense concentrations. Rodents sometimes mine seeds from dung piles (e.g. Janzen 1982b, 1986), but this probably represents seed predation rather than seed dispersal. The key feature of clump-dispersal for plant demography is that virtually all seeds, both dispersed and undispers ...
Adaptive advantages of myrmecochory: the predator
... suffered scarcely any predation, but seeds under reproductive-age plants experienced losses ca 50%. Conversely, in the northern region (Caurel), seeds in nests suffered significantly greater losses than seeds under plants or intermediate destinations, suggesting that nests were especially unsafe des ...
... suffered scarcely any predation, but seeds under reproductive-age plants experienced losses ca 50%. Conversely, in the northern region (Caurel), seeds in nests suffered significantly greater losses than seeds under plants or intermediate destinations, suggesting that nests were especially unsafe des ...
Adaptive advantages of myrmecochory: the predator
... suffered scarcely any predation, but seeds under reproductive-age plants experienced losses ca 50%. Conversely, in the northern region (Caurel), seeds in nests suffered significantly greater losses than seeds under plants or intermediate destinations, suggesting that nests were especially unsafe des ...
... suffered scarcely any predation, but seeds under reproductive-age plants experienced losses ca 50%. Conversely, in the northern region (Caurel), seeds in nests suffered significantly greater losses than seeds under plants or intermediate destinations, suggesting that nests were especially unsafe des ...
Adaptive advantages of myrmecochory: the predator
... suffered scarcely any predation, but seeds under reproductive-age plants experienced losses ca 50%. Conversely, in the northern region (Caurel), seeds in nests suffered significantly greater losses than seeds under plants or intermediate destinations, suggesting that nests were especially unsafe des ...
... suffered scarcely any predation, but seeds under reproductive-age plants experienced losses ca 50%. Conversely, in the northern region (Caurel), seeds in nests suffered significantly greater losses than seeds under plants or intermediate destinations, suggesting that nests were especially unsafe des ...
Effects of habitat isolation on pollinator communities and
... Here we tested the hypothesis that habitat fragmentation affects bee populations and thereby disrupts plant-pollinator interactions. We experimentally established small “habitat islands” of two self-incompatible, annual crucifers on eight calcareous grasslands and in the intensively managed agricult ...
... Here we tested the hypothesis that habitat fragmentation affects bee populations and thereby disrupts plant-pollinator interactions. We experimentally established small “habitat islands” of two self-incompatible, annual crucifers on eight calcareous grasslands and in the intensively managed agricult ...
American Scientist - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... seed crops) are more efficient than small crops because each seed has a higher probability of escaping predation. Thus, it’s more economical for the tree over the long run to produce an occasional bumper crop than to produce the same size crop each year, even though in the other years it produces fe ...
... seed crops) are more efficient than small crops because each seed has a higher probability of escaping predation. Thus, it’s more economical for the tree over the long run to produce an occasional bumper crop than to produce the same size crop each year, even though in the other years it produces fe ...
The effect of seed size on seed fate in a subtropical
... energy content compared to smaller ones, therefore are usually preferred by rodents (Smith & Reichman 1984, Vander Wall 1990, Jansen et al. 2004, Wang & Chen 2009, Vander Wall 2010). On the other hand, larger seeds may require longer handling times, which implies a decreased foraging efficiency and ...
... energy content compared to smaller ones, therefore are usually preferred by rodents (Smith & Reichman 1984, Vander Wall 1990, Jansen et al. 2004, Wang & Chen 2009, Vander Wall 2010). On the other hand, larger seeds may require longer handling times, which implies a decreased foraging efficiency and ...
Hidden responses to environmental variation: maternal
... Galloway 2005; Sultan et al. 2009; Dyer et al. 2010). However, the general importance of maternal effects for ecological dynamics is unknown for two reasons. First, many studies of maternal effects evaluate their impact on genetically similar individuals, such as closely related genotypes or clones ...
... Galloway 2005; Sultan et al. 2009; Dyer et al. 2010). However, the general importance of maternal effects for ecological dynamics is unknown for two reasons. First, many studies of maternal effects evaluate their impact on genetically similar individuals, such as closely related genotypes or clones ...
Pulsed resources and community dynamics of consumers in
... successful fledging of large clutches (Fig. 2). However, having achieved high population density only during or after the rodent crash, martens and tawny owls then switch to other prey (such as birds, their eggs and nestlings) and cause substantial declines in the brooding success of birds that nest ...
... successful fledging of large clutches (Fig. 2). However, having achieved high population density only during or after the rodent crash, martens and tawny owls then switch to other prey (such as birds, their eggs and nestlings) and cause substantial declines in the brooding success of birds that nest ...
Intraspecific variation
... In 1973 the US congress passed a piece of landmark conservation legislation, the endangered species Act. This legislation mandated that the Fish and Wildlife Service determine which species in the US are at risk of extinction. When a species is determined to be endangered, the government is required ...
... In 1973 the US congress passed a piece of landmark conservation legislation, the endangered species Act. This legislation mandated that the Fish and Wildlife Service determine which species in the US are at risk of extinction. When a species is determined to be endangered, the government is required ...
Great Basin Fact Sheet No. 8: Establishing Big Sagebrush and Other
... consult with nursery personnel to determine seed requirements for growing seedlings of individual species. In or near fire-prone areas or other sites where restoration is anticipated, it makes sense to maintain seed collections from local populations. These collections can be cleaned and tested in a ...
... consult with nursery personnel to determine seed requirements for growing seedlings of individual species. In or near fire-prone areas or other sites where restoration is anticipated, it makes sense to maintain seed collections from local populations. These collections can be cleaned and tested in a ...
Banksia brownii
Banksia brownii, commonly known as Feather-leaved Banksia or Brown's Banksia, is a species of shrub that grows in southwest Western Australia. An attractive plant with fine feathery leaves and large red-brown flower spikes, it usually grows as an upright bush around two metres (7 ft) high, but can also occur as a small tree or a low spreading shrub. First collected in 1829 and published the following year, it is placed in Banksia subgenus Banksia, section Oncostylis, series Spicigerae. There are two genetically distinct forms.B. brownii occurs naturally only in two population clusters between Albany and the Stirling Range in southwest Western Australia. In the Stirling Range it occurs among heath on rocky mountain slopes; further south it occurs among Jarrah woodland in shallow nutrient-poor sand. It is rare and endangered in its natural habitat, with all major populations currently threatened by Phytophthora cinnamomi dieback, a disease to which the species is highly susceptible. Other threats include loss of habitat, commercial exploitation and changes to the fire regime.Highly valued by Australia's horticultural and cut flower industries, B. brownii is widely cultivated in areas not exposed to dieback. It prefers a sheltered position in soil with good drainage, and must be provided with some moisture over summer.