The Foundations
... statement It_is_raining is false (in the current situation). But if it were raining now, then I would say that It_is_raining is true. Factors affecting the truth value of a proposition: the situation in which the proposition is used. the meaning of the proposition. Transparency No. 1-14 ...
... statement It_is_raining is false (in the current situation). But if it were raining now, then I would say that It_is_raining is true. Factors affecting the truth value of a proposition: the situation in which the proposition is used. the meaning of the proposition. Transparency No. 1-14 ...
Non-Classical Logic
... corresponding object language equivalents when workIn logic courses we often use English as a metalanguage ing in the metalanguage. We will, however, be employing when discussing an object language consisting of logical a smattering of symbols in the metalanguage, including symbols along with variab ...
... corresponding object language equivalents when workIn logic courses we often use English as a metalanguage ing in the metalanguage. We will, however, be employing when discussing an object language consisting of logical a smattering of symbols in the metalanguage, including symbols along with variab ...
Introduction to Logic
... 12.6. First Order Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7. First Order Logic with identity . . . . . . . . ...
... 12.6. First Order Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.7. First Order Logic with identity . . . . . . . . ...
First-Order Intuitionistic Logic with Decidable Propositional
... research [Ga]. This approach is less intuitive though. First, it is generally not clear where to apply which of the two paired connectives. Second, joining intuitionistic and classical axiomatizations with careless addition of some interaction axioms may make the combination logic collapse into clas ...
... research [Ga]. This approach is less intuitive though. First, it is generally not clear where to apply which of the two paired connectives. Second, joining intuitionistic and classical axiomatizations with careless addition of some interaction axioms may make the combination logic collapse into clas ...
āgārjuna’s Logic N 8 8.1 N
... is that the positive catuṣkoṭi requires disambiguation between the conventional and ultimate perspectives, whereas the negative catuṣkoṭi does not. This proposal, I think, solves the problem of applying Garfield and Priest’s analysis to Nāgārjuna’s logic. As a result, Garfield and Priest’s interpret ...
... is that the positive catuṣkoṭi requires disambiguation between the conventional and ultimate perspectives, whereas the negative catuṣkoṭi does not. This proposal, I think, solves the problem of applying Garfield and Priest’s analysis to Nāgārjuna’s logic. As a result, Garfield and Priest’s interpret ...
Harmony, Normality and Stability
... deductions in such a way that these ‘detours’ are avoided. Applying the reduction procedures should always turn deductions into new deductions. Trivial as this observation may sound, it shows that the point of having harmonious rules is not that they exhibit some feature independently of any logic i ...
... deductions in such a way that these ‘detours’ are avoided. Applying the reduction procedures should always turn deductions into new deductions. Trivial as this observation may sound, it shows that the point of having harmonious rules is not that they exhibit some feature independently of any logic i ...
Preferences and Unrestricted Rebut
... 1. Introduction One of the important aspects of instantiated argumentation [2,9,10,12] is how to precisely determine whether one argument attacks another. Suppose one considers arguments constructed using reasons, represented as rules. Many rules will be defeasible (for instance, when applying the a ...
... 1. Introduction One of the important aspects of instantiated argumentation [2,9,10,12] is how to precisely determine whether one argument attacks another. Suppose one considers arguments constructed using reasons, represented as rules. Many rules will be defeasible (for instance, when applying the a ...
Quadripartitaratio - Revistas Científicas de la Universidad de
... make the use-mention distinction: the seven-character name ‘(2 + 3)’ isn’t the one-character name ‘5’, but they name the same number—which some people might regard as a kind of equality. Tarski ...
... make the use-mention distinction: the seven-character name ‘(2 + 3)’ isn’t the one-character name ‘5’, but they name the same number—which some people might regard as a kind of equality. Tarski ...
Truth-Functional Propositional Logic
... the substitution of simple symbols for words. The examples to have in mind are the rules and operations employed in arithmetic and High School algebra. Once we learn how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide the whole numbers {0,1,2,3,...} in elementary school, we can apply these rules, say, to cal ...
... the substitution of simple symbols for words. The examples to have in mind are the rules and operations employed in arithmetic and High School algebra. Once we learn how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide the whole numbers {0,1,2,3,...} in elementary school, we can apply these rules, say, to cal ...
A Well-Founded Semantics for Logic Programs with Abstract
... Lemma 1 Let P be a basic logic program and I a total interpretation of P . Then I is a total model of P iff I + is a classical model of P . Definition 3 Let P be a basic program and I a partial interpretation. A set of atoms U is an unfounded set of P wrt I iff, for any a ∈ U and any r ∈ P with Hd(r ...
... Lemma 1 Let P be a basic logic program and I a total interpretation of P . Then I is a total model of P iff I + is a classical model of P . Definition 3 Let P be a basic program and I a partial interpretation. A set of atoms U is an unfounded set of P wrt I iff, for any a ∈ U and any r ∈ P with Hd(r ...
full text (.pdf)
... with the full citation. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, to redistribute to lists, or to use any component of this work in other works, requires prior speci c pe ...
... with the full citation. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, to redistribute to lists, or to use any component of this work in other works, requires prior speci c pe ...
Linear Contextual Modal Type Theory
... resources that need to be consumed exactly once, c for constant symbols, and b for linear application. If b were intuitionistic application then any instantiation of F with a constant function is a solution. In the multiplicative fragment of linear logic, the problem is not solvable because any inst ...
... resources that need to be consumed exactly once, c for constant symbols, and b for linear application. If b were intuitionistic application then any instantiation of F with a constant function is a solution. In the multiplicative fragment of linear logic, the problem is not solvable because any inst ...
Theories and uses of context in knowledge representation and
... used in many different areas. In natural language processing, context is used to assign an interpretation to assertions and resolve ambiguities. In information retrieval, context helps to refine the queries made by users. In distributed AI, context is used as a flexible formal tool for the design of ...
... used in many different areas. In natural language processing, context is used to assign an interpretation to assertions and resolve ambiguities. In information retrieval, context helps to refine the queries made by users. In distributed AI, context is used as a flexible formal tool for the design of ...
Inquiry
An inquiry is any process that has the aim of augmenting knowledge, resolving doubt, or solving a problem. A theory of inquiry is an account of the various types of inquiry and a treatment of the ways that each type of inquiry achieves its aim.