Document
... result from distributed cortical processing and is only weakly represented in cortical motion centers. The question we ask is whether and how dimensional attention may select chromatic signals to drive saccadic or smooth pursuit eye movements when achromatic signals are present at the same time. The ...
... result from distributed cortical processing and is only weakly represented in cortical motion centers. The question we ask is whether and how dimensional attention may select chromatic signals to drive saccadic or smooth pursuit eye movements when achromatic signals are present at the same time. The ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... oculomotor network and both are connected to several other areas such as temporal and lateral prefrontal cortices (Andersen 1995; Huerta and Kaas 1990; Lynch and Tian 2006). LIP sits at the interface between sensory and motor cortices (Andersen and Buneo 2002), whereas SEF is in the frontal cortex. ...
... oculomotor network and both are connected to several other areas such as temporal and lateral prefrontal cortices (Andersen 1995; Huerta and Kaas 1990; Lynch and Tian 2006). LIP sits at the interface between sensory and motor cortices (Andersen and Buneo 2002), whereas SEF is in the frontal cortex. ...
Viktor`s Notes * Optic Nerve and Visual Pathways Disorders
... PREDNISONE taper for 11 days) - speed visual recovery but provide no lasting benefit to vision; also reduced rate of new neurologic events consistent with MS, but this beneficial effect also abates after 2 years. *do not use ORAL prednisone alone - increases rate of recurrences! corticosteroids mu ...
... PREDNISONE taper for 11 days) - speed visual recovery but provide no lasting benefit to vision; also reduced rate of new neurologic events consistent with MS, but this beneficial effect also abates after 2 years. *do not use ORAL prednisone alone - increases rate of recurrences! corticosteroids mu ...
Coordinated Optimization of Visual Cortical Maps
... timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular states that are transients towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a ...
... timescales. If this was the case, developmental optimization may lead to long-lived spatially irregular states that are transients towards regular patterns that would be reached after very long times or potentially never. To assess this possibility it is critical to examine model predictions over a ...
Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory
... organization in human frontal cortex using memory-guided response tasks performed at 8 or 12 peripheral locations arranged clockwise around a central fixation point. The tasks required the location of a peripheral target to be remembered for several seconds after which the subjects either made a sac ...
... organization in human frontal cortex using memory-guided response tasks performed at 8 or 12 peripheral locations arranged clockwise around a central fixation point. The tasks required the location of a peripheral target to be remembered for several seconds after which the subjects either made a sac ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... McPeek, Robert M., and Edward L. Keller. Saccade target selection in the superior colliculus during a visual search task. J Neurophysiol 88: 2019 –2034, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00181.2002. Because realworld scenes typically contain many different potential objects of interest, selecting one goal from many ...
... McPeek, Robert M., and Edward L. Keller. Saccade target selection in the superior colliculus during a visual search task. J Neurophysiol 88: 2019 –2034, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00181.2002. Because realworld scenes typically contain many different potential objects of interest, selecting one goal from many ...
4. Conclusions and Perspectives - RuCCS
... either the right or the left visual field and participants were required to indicate whether or not the circle surrounded a point previously occupied by a dot. The perceptual task was similar except that the dot patterns remained on the screen while the circle was presented. Reaction times and error ...
... either the right or the left visual field and participants were required to indicate whether or not the circle surrounded a point previously occupied by a dot. The perceptual task was similar except that the dot patterns remained on the screen while the circle was presented. Reaction times and error ...
Plastic Effect of Tetanic Stimulation on Auditory Evoked Potentials
... In humans, auditory neuroplasticity has also been studied using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and other neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI. Secondary plasticity is induced when stimulation is reintroduced to the auditory system after damage, for example when sound or electrical stimuli are int ...
... In humans, auditory neuroplasticity has also been studied using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) and other neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI. Secondary plasticity is induced when stimulation is reintroduced to the auditory system after damage, for example when sound or electrical stimuli are int ...
A Selection Model for Motion Processing in Area MT
... and selection stages were fixed, the properties of units in them were determined by a procedure used to optimize the overall performance of the model to occluding and transparent moving stimuli. Finally, we present the detailed response properties of the units in these stages. Retmalprocessing. The ...
... and selection stages were fixed, the properties of units in them were determined by a procedure used to optimize the overall performance of the model to occluding and transparent moving stimuli. Finally, we present the detailed response properties of the units in these stages. Retmalprocessing. The ...
Functional Properties of Neurons in Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... be that MT is concerned only with restricted aspects of visual motion. It is known that many neurons in macaque VI are direction selective (14, 46), and the only conspicuous difference between this population and neurons in MT is the larger receptive fields of the latter. However, it may simply be t ...
... be that MT is concerned only with restricted aspects of visual motion. It is known that many neurons in macaque VI are direction selective (14, 46), and the only conspicuous difference between this population and neurons in MT is the larger receptive fields of the latter. However, it may simply be t ...
Retrieval induces adaptive forgetting of competing memories via
... work examining the neural processes associated with retrieval competition. One approach used multi-voxel pattern analysis to measure visual cortical activity when a retrieval cue concurrently elicits multiple visual memories. These studies revealed that pattern classifiers have difficulty discrimina ...
... work examining the neural processes associated with retrieval competition. One approach used multi-voxel pattern analysis to measure visual cortical activity when a retrieval cue concurrently elicits multiple visual memories. These studies revealed that pattern classifiers have difficulty discrimina ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... made with a specially devised recording syringe in order to inject neuronal tracers into different parts of V6 (see Fig. 1). The recording syringe was a 1-mL Hamilton syringe with an Elgiloy microelectrode (Suzuki & Azuma, 1976) attached to the needle. The electrode tip protruded about 300 mm with r ...
... made with a specially devised recording syringe in order to inject neuronal tracers into different parts of V6 (see Fig. 1). The recording syringe was a 1-mL Hamilton syringe with an Elgiloy microelectrode (Suzuki & Azuma, 1976) attached to the needle. The electrode tip protruded about 300 mm with r ...
Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... of cool stimuli, but affective value (pleasantness and unpleasantness) ratings were not obtained, and warm stimuli were not used (Craig et al., 2000). In another PET study, activations to warmth were found in the orbitofrontal cortex, but no potential correlations with pleasantness ratings were inve ...
... of cool stimuli, but affective value (pleasantness and unpleasantness) ratings were not obtained, and warm stimuli were not used (Craig et al., 2000). In another PET study, activations to warmth were found in the orbitofrontal cortex, but no potential correlations with pleasantness ratings were inve ...
Hands Up: Attentional Prioritization of Space Near the Hand
... relevance of cues and targets appearing in that space. This conception of attention suggests two ways the presence of the hand and, consequently, the bimodal visual tactile representations may influence attention. First, the presence of the hand could increase the importance of the space near the ha ...
... relevance of cues and targets appearing in that space. This conception of attention suggests two ways the presence of the hand and, consequently, the bimodal visual tactile representations may influence attention. First, the presence of the hand could increase the importance of the space near the ha ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... Previously, Sparing et al. (2002) showed, using the phosphene threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of ...
... Previously, Sparing et al. (2002) showed, using the phosphene threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... area V6 the RFs `move' coherently along the penetration, in a certain direction and with a physiological scatter (penetration `a'), in area V6A they often jump in different directions, so that cells near one another in the cortex can have RFs in completely different locations in the visual ®eld (pen ...
... area V6 the RFs `move' coherently along the penetration, in a certain direction and with a physiological scatter (penetration `a'), in area V6A they often jump in different directions, so that cells near one another in the cortex can have RFs in completely different locations in the visual ®eld (pen ...
Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits
... by test stimuli presented at both adapted and unadapted locations within the RF. In MT, however, adaptation with a small stimulus affects only stimuli presented to the same spatial subregion of the RF. This suggests that changes in MT contrast sensitivity occur prior to the spatial integration of in ...
... by test stimuli presented at both adapted and unadapted locations within the RF. In MT, however, adaptation with a small stimulus affects only stimuli presented to the same spatial subregion of the RF. This suggests that changes in MT contrast sensitivity occur prior to the spatial integration of in ...
Cues that hippocampal place cells encode
... situations distal visual stimuli were emphasized whereas local cues were minimized by randomizing their locations, by making them irrelevant to task performance (O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987; O’Keefe and Burgess, 1996), and sometimes by randomizing the location of ongoing behavior relevant to those cu ...
... situations distal visual stimuli were emphasized whereas local cues were minimized by randomizing their locations, by making them irrelevant to task performance (O’Keefe and Speakman, 1987; O’Keefe and Burgess, 1996), and sometimes by randomizing the location of ongoing behavior relevant to those cu ...
Form representation in monkey inferotemporal cortex is virtually
... studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not require stimulus identification (for example, refs. 3–7). It is not cl ...
... studies of IT neuronal responses have been done under restricted viewing and task conditions. Typically, non-human primates stare at a fixation point while isolated stimuli are flashed on the retina, often in a task that does not require stimulus identification (for example, refs. 3–7). It is not cl ...
Word doc - Center for Neural Science
... was determined qualitatively by identifying the frequency of the stimulus with the lowest threshold response. When stimuli of more than one frequency elicited a response at threshold, intensity was varied by 5 dB and/or CF was determined by the response with the shortest onset latency (e.g., Fig. 3A ...
... was determined qualitatively by identifying the frequency of the stimulus with the lowest threshold response. When stimuli of more than one frequency elicited a response at threshold, intensity was varied by 5 dB and/or CF was determined by the response with the shortest onset latency (e.g., Fig. 3A ...
3-Morpholinylsydnonimine Inhibits Glutamatergic Transmission in
... investigated the effect of an active peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FeTPPS (Trackey et al., 2001) on SIN-1–mediated synaptic inhibition. Application of FeTPPS (25 M) itself had no consistent effect on the EPSCs (102.4 ⫾ 2.6% of baseline; n ⫽ 5, p ⬎ 0.05, paired Student’s t test) but prevented ...
... investigated the effect of an active peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst FeTPPS (Trackey et al., 2001) on SIN-1–mediated synaptic inhibition. Application of FeTPPS (25 M) itself had no consistent effect on the EPSCs (102.4 ⫾ 2.6% of baseline; n ⫽ 5, p ⬎ 0.05, paired Student’s t test) but prevented ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... was based on systematic comparisons between RFs obtained with CE vs. IE stimulation. We favored this strategy because comparisons could be made for the same recording and not across recordings, as would be the case, for example, when comparing RFs inside and outside the BSR for CE stimulation only. ...
... was based on systematic comparisons between RFs obtained with CE vs. IE stimulation. We favored this strategy because comparisons could be made for the same recording and not across recordings, as would be the case, for example, when comparing RFs inside and outside the BSR for CE stimulation only. ...
`What` Is Happening in the Dorsal Visual Pathway
... The study of the nature of object representations in the dorsal pathway and their behavioral significance is still subject to significant caveats that compel caution in the interpretation of behavioral and neural data. First, in most studies of nonhuman primates, sensitivity of a neural population to ...
... The study of the nature of object representations in the dorsal pathway and their behavioral significance is still subject to significant caveats that compel caution in the interpretation of behavioral and neural data. First, in most studies of nonhuman primates, sensitivity of a neural population to ...
(2007) The most superficial sublamina of rat superior colluculus
... imprecisely tuned to specific stimulus parameters, responding to flashing uniform light spots, to both large and small stimuli, moving and stationary light spots, and have been thought to show little or no orientation specificity (see, e.g., Boyer et al. 2005). Preliminary studies led us to notice t ...
... imprecisely tuned to specific stimulus parameters, responding to flashing uniform light spots, to both large and small stimuli, moving and stationary light spots, and have been thought to show little or no orientation specificity (see, e.g., Boyer et al. 2005). Preliminary studies led us to notice t ...
Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between
... each condition the same number of times (each time in a different orientation). To maintain participants' attention, three additional (non-analyzed) trials with images of toy vehicles were included in each run, and participants pressed a button when they detected a vehicle. Localizers and regions of ...
... each condition the same number of times (each time in a different orientation). To maintain participants' attention, three additional (non-analyzed) trials with images of toy vehicles were included in each run, and participants pressed a button when they detected a vehicle. Localizers and regions of ...
Visual N1
The visual N1 is a visual evoked potential, a type of event-related electrical potential (ERP), that is produced in the brain and recorded on the scalp. The N1 is so named to reflect the polarity and typical timing of the component. The ""N"" indicates that the polarity of the component is negative with respect to an average mastoid reference. The ""1"" originally indicated that it was the first negative-going component, but it now better indexes the typical peak of this component, which is around 150 to 200 milliseconds post-stimulus. The N1 deflection may be detected at most recording sites, including the occipital, parietal, central, and frontal electrode sites. Although, the visual N1 is widely distributed over the entire scalp, it peaks earlier over frontal than posterior regions of the scalp, suggestive of distinct neural and/or cognitive correlates. The N1 is elicited by visual stimuli, and is part of the visual evoked potential – a series of voltage deflections observed in response to visual onsets, offsets, and changes. Both the right and left hemispheres generate an N1, but the laterality of the N1 depends on whether a stimulus is presented centrally, laterally, or bilaterally. When a stimulus is presented centrally, the N1 is bilateral. When presented laterally, the N1 is larger, earlier, and contralateral to the visual field of the stimulus. When two visual stimuli are presented, one in each visual field, the N1 is bilateral. In the latter case, the N1’s asymmetrical skewedness is modulated by attention. Additionally, its amplitude is influenced by selective attention, and thus it has been used to study a variety of attentional processes.