Different representations of pleasant and unpleasant odours in the
... pleasantness vs. unpleasantness. A recent functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) study (Anderson et al., 2003) found that activation of the amygdala was associated with intensity and of the orbitofrontal cortex with the valence of two odours, but only two different odours (citral and vale ...
... pleasantness vs. unpleasantness. A recent functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) study (Anderson et al., 2003) found that activation of the amygdala was associated with intensity and of the orbitofrontal cortex with the valence of two odours, but only two different odours (citral and vale ...
Get PDF file
... Our goal is to identify features of auditory cortical organization that are common, and unique, to each taxonomic group. In recent years we have developed a model of auditory cortical organization in nonhuman primates based on a wide range of anatomical and physiological findings (Hackett et al., 19 ...
... Our goal is to identify features of auditory cortical organization that are common, and unique, to each taxonomic group. In recent years we have developed a model of auditory cortical organization in nonhuman primates based on a wide range of anatomical and physiological findings (Hackett et al., 19 ...
The parietal cortex and episodic memory: an
... precuneus in mental imagery43,44 than on the contributions of lateral parietal regions, which were considered mainly in relation to contextual memory for spatial45 and temporal46 information. Interest in the contributions of lateral parietal regions grew rapidly with the publication of the first cro ...
... precuneus in mental imagery43,44 than on the contributions of lateral parietal regions, which were considered mainly in relation to contextual memory for spatial45 and temporal46 information. Interest in the contributions of lateral parietal regions grew rapidly with the publication of the first cro ...
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage
... He recalled his address and home telephone number, but could not recall his work number. He was able to do simple tests of calculation, but could not recall the names of four objects that had been given 1 min before. His speech was clear and lucid, and his remote memory was reported as intact. Altho ...
... He recalled his address and home telephone number, but could not recall his work number. He was able to do simple tests of calculation, but could not recall the names of four objects that had been given 1 min before. His speech was clear and lucid, and his remote memory was reported as intact. Altho ...
Convergent grey and white matter evidence of
... Neuropsychiatric Inventory covaried with the PET metabolic activity in posterior orbitofrontal cortex in patients with FTD. They concluded that dysfunction in this region most likely contributed to the disinhibited symptoms. This finding was recently replicated (Krueger et al., 2011) in a large samp ...
... Neuropsychiatric Inventory covaried with the PET metabolic activity in posterior orbitofrontal cortex in patients with FTD. They concluded that dysfunction in this region most likely contributed to the disinhibited symptoms. This finding was recently replicated (Krueger et al., 2011) in a large samp ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... The alternative view is that some areas store memories with positive or negative valences and drive associated autonomic outputs, whereas other areas provide sensory and short-term memory substrates that are not specific to emotion, and cannot access autonomic outputs. Systems involved in all short- ...
... The alternative view is that some areas store memories with positive or negative valences and drive associated autonomic outputs, whereas other areas provide sensory and short-term memory substrates that are not specific to emotion, and cannot access autonomic outputs. Systems involved in all short- ...
Selective amplification of the S
... the first contrast set, stimuli were presented at similar cone contrasts in order to match stimuli in terms of their respective cone responses. Due to differences in contrast sensitivity for Ach, RG and BY stimuli, these have different visibilities, with RG the most visible and BY the least. Cone con ...
... the first contrast set, stimuli were presented at similar cone contrasts in order to match stimuli in terms of their respective cone responses. Due to differences in contrast sensitivity for Ach, RG and BY stimuli, these have different visibilities, with RG the most visible and BY the least. Cone con ...
Within-hemifield perceptual averaging of facial expressions
... (e.g., a valence-neutral face) at 8 spikes/sec, when each pattern is presented alone. This neuron would respond at about 14 spikes/sec (an average of 20 spikes/sec and 8 spikes/sec) when both patterns are simultaneously presented within its receptive field. We investigated whether this neural averag ...
... (e.g., a valence-neutral face) at 8 spikes/sec, when each pattern is presented alone. This neuron would respond at about 14 spikes/sec (an average of 20 spikes/sec and 8 spikes/sec) when both patterns are simultaneously presented within its receptive field. We investigated whether this neural averag ...
Synaptic Distinction of Laminar-specific Prefrontal-temporal Pathways in Primates
... the cortical mantle and included all cortical layers. In two cases the injection was in area 32 (cases AY, BG), and in three in area 10, including its rostral (case BA) and caudal (cases BC, BF) parts. In one of the latter cases, the injection included a small part of adjacent area 9 (case BC). The ...
... the cortical mantle and included all cortical layers. In two cases the injection was in area 32 (cases AY, BG), and in three in area 10, including its rostral (case BA) and caudal (cases BC, BF) parts. In one of the latter cases, the injection included a small part of adjacent area 9 (case BC). The ...
Connections Between the Retrosplenial Cortex and the
... area C A I , and a small number of nonpyramidal neurons at the border of stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare, predominantly in area C A I (Fig. 6D). A dense cluster of neurons in the dorsal (septal) one-third of the subiculum (Fig. 6A) also projects to Rgb, as does a band of neurons in the deep ...
... area C A I , and a small number of nonpyramidal neurons at the border of stratum radiatum and stratum moleculare, predominantly in area C A I (Fig. 6D). A dense cluster of neurons in the dorsal (septal) one-third of the subiculum (Fig. 6A) also projects to Rgb, as does a band of neurons in the deep ...
Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective
... the first contrast set, stimuli were presented at similar cone contrasts in order to match stimuli in terms of their respective cone responses. Due to differences in contrast sensitivity for Ach, RG and BY stimuli, these have different visibilities, with RG the most visible and BY the least. Cone con ...
... the first contrast set, stimuli were presented at similar cone contrasts in order to match stimuli in terms of their respective cone responses. Due to differences in contrast sensitivity for Ach, RG and BY stimuli, these have different visibilities, with RG the most visible and BY the least. Cone con ...
Temporal Patterning of Neural Progenitors in Drosophila
... Drosophila has recently become a powerful model system to understand the mechanisms of temporal patterning of neural progenitors called neuroblasts (NBs). Two different temporal sequences of transcription factors (TFs) have been found to be sequentially expressed in NBs of two different systems: the ...
... Drosophila has recently become a powerful model system to understand the mechanisms of temporal patterning of neural progenitors called neuroblasts (NBs). Two different temporal sequences of transcription factors (TFs) have been found to be sequentially expressed in NBs of two different systems: the ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... and somatosensory properties and for its involvement in encoding of spatial parameters for reaching, including arm movement direction and amplitude. This area also contains populations of neurons sensitive to grasping movements, such as wrist orientation and grip formation. Recent work has shown tha ...
... and somatosensory properties and for its involvement in encoding of spatial parameters for reaching, including arm movement direction and amplitude. This area also contains populations of neurons sensitive to grasping movements, such as wrist orientation and grip formation. Recent work has shown tha ...
Cortical and subcortical afferents to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti
... Anatomical findings are presented that identify cortical and subcortical sources of afferents to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) and basal pontine nuclei. Projections from the middle temporal visual area (MT), medial superior temporal visual area (MST), lateral intraparietal area (LIP ...
... Anatomical findings are presented that identify cortical and subcortical sources of afferents to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) and basal pontine nuclei. Projections from the middle temporal visual area (MT), medial superior temporal visual area (MST), lateral intraparietal area (LIP ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
... size of the RF center is to stimulate the cell with a moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) correspond ...
An investigation of brain processes supporting meditation
... methods. Such neuroimaging studies (see e.g. Cahn and Polich 2006 for a recent review) have identified specific brain structures active during meditation (discussed later). It has been argued that two complementary neural networks may underlie meditation. One network functions as a ‘‘neural switch’’ ...
... methods. Such neuroimaging studies (see e.g. Cahn and Polich 2006 for a recent review) have identified specific brain structures active during meditation (discussed later). It has been argued that two complementary neural networks may underlie meditation. One network functions as a ‘‘neural switch’’ ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... firing rate for the 1 s period before the object cue appeared), the unit was labeled as event-responsive. Trials with missing timestamps or interevent latencies exceeding 2 SDs from the mean session latencies were removed from the analyses. Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons ...
... firing rate for the 1 s period before the object cue appeared), the unit was labeled as event-responsive. Trials with missing timestamps or interevent latencies exceeding 2 SDs from the mean session latencies were removed from the analyses. Task-factor analysis and multicollinearity control. Neurons ...
[PDF]
... fashion. The mapping becomes more complex, however, when a stimulus space that has more than two dimensions is mapped onto the cortical sheet. Optimizing local continuity then becomes a matter of fitting together disparate pieces in the best compromise possible. For example, at the columnar level, t ...
... fashion. The mapping becomes more complex, however, when a stimulus space that has more than two dimensions is mapped onto the cortical sheet. Optimizing local continuity then becomes a matter of fitting together disparate pieces in the best compromise possible. For example, at the columnar level, t ...
Two Critical and Functionally Distinct Stages of Face and Body Perception
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
Cortical control of saccades and fixation in man
... conditions were removed by an analysis of covariance with global flow as the confounding variable (Friston et al., 1990). This process resulted in the generation of a map of group mean blood flow for each condition. The pixel values of rCBF in these maps, together with the associated adjusted error ...
... conditions were removed by an analysis of covariance with global flow as the confounding variable (Friston et al., 1990). This process resulted in the generation of a map of group mean blood flow for each condition. The pixel values of rCBF in these maps, together with the associated adjusted error ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... al. 2005) and subdural electrode recordings (Yoshor et al. 2006) indicate similar position selectivity in the object-selective lateral occipital complex (LOC), a large region thought to be the human homologue of IT. In addition to processing information about individual, discrete objects, our visual ...
... al. 2005) and subdural electrode recordings (Yoshor et al. 2006) indicate similar position selectivity in the object-selective lateral occipital complex (LOC), a large region thought to be the human homologue of IT. In addition to processing information about individual, discrete objects, our visual ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... sharply in cat visual cortex at the onset of the critical period and decreased afterward, suggesting that they may play an important role in activity-guided changes in the developing nervous system. Further evidence for a linkage with activity is based on studies that show elevated levels of c-fos, ...
... sharply in cat visual cortex at the onset of the critical period and decreased afterward, suggesting that they may play an important role in activity-guided changes in the developing nervous system. Further evidence for a linkage with activity is based on studies that show elevated levels of c-fos, ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... in mammals. In primates, visual cortex has been delineated into more than 30 distinct areas based on their anatomical and functional properties [1,2]. Research into visual cortical function reveals fundamental mechanisms underlying perceptual experience and also has the potential to improve our trea ...
... in mammals. In primates, visual cortex has been delineated into more than 30 distinct areas based on their anatomical and functional properties [1,2]. Research into visual cortical function reveals fundamental mechanisms underlying perceptual experience and also has the potential to improve our trea ...
Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the
... (top) and phase (bottom) of responses measured at the stimulus frequency. Curves are predictions based on the receptive field. D: Same, for stimuli varying in temporal frequency tuning (presented at 0.7 cycles/deg). From (Mante et al., 2002). ...
... (top) and phase (bottom) of responses measured at the stimulus frequency. Curves are predictions based on the receptive field. D: Same, for stimuli varying in temporal frequency tuning (presented at 0.7 cycles/deg). From (Mante et al., 2002). ...
Continuous transformation learning of translation
... local lateral inhibition within a layer to implement competition, and then some form of associative learning. We show by simulation how CT learning can be used to build translation invariant representations in a hierarchical network model (VisNet) of cortical processing in the ventral visual system, ...
... local lateral inhibition within a layer to implement competition, and then some form of associative learning. We show by simulation how CT learning can be used to build translation invariant representations in a hierarchical network model (VisNet) of cortical processing in the ventral visual system, ...
Inferior temporal gyrus
The inferior temporal gyrus is placed below the middle temporal gyrus, and is connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus; it also extends around the infero-lateral border on to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe, where it is limited by the inferior sulcus. This region is one of the higher levels of the ventral stream of visual processing, associated with the representation of complex object features, such as global shape. It may also be involved in face perception, and in the recognition of numbers.The inferior temporal gyrus is the anterior region of the temporal lobe located underneath the central temporal sulcus. The primary function of the inferior temporal gyrus - otherwise referenced as IT cortex - is associated with visual stimuli processing, namely visual object recognition, and has been suggested by recent experimental results as the final location of the ventral cortical visual system. The IT cortex in humans is also known as the Inferior Temporal Gyrus since it has been located to a specific region of the human temporal lobe. The IT processes visual stimuli of objects in our field of vision, and is involved with memory and memory recall to identify that object; it is involved with the processing and perception created by visual stimuli amplified in the V1, V2, V3, and V4 regions of the occipital lobe. This region processes the color and form of the object in the visual field and is responsible for producing the “what” from this visual stimuli, or in other words identifying the object based on the color and form of the object and comparing that processed information to stored memories of objects to identify that object.The IT cortex’s neurological significance is not just its contribution to the processing of visual stimuli in object recognition but also has been found to be a vital area with regards to simple processing of the visual field, difficulties with perceptual tasks and spatial awareness, and the location of unique single cells that possibly explain the IT cortex’s relation to memory.