slides - Smith Lab
... consists of discs connected to the inner segment by the cilium Constant shedding of discs as exposed to light High concentration of mitochondria in the inner segment to provide the energy requirements ...
... consists of discs connected to the inner segment by the cilium Constant shedding of discs as exposed to light High concentration of mitochondria in the inner segment to provide the energy requirements ...
Dr. Saul`s talk
... Abstract The critical period for modifying the preferred direction in cat cortical units occurs earlier than that for monocular deprivation. The independence of the effects of these two types of deprivation from each other was tested by rearing six kittens with both reverse suture and reversed direc ...
... Abstract The critical period for modifying the preferred direction in cat cortical units occurs earlier than that for monocular deprivation. The independence of the effects of these two types of deprivation from each other was tested by rearing six kittens with both reverse suture and reversed direc ...
Glossary Chapter 3 absolute threshold the minimal amount of
... the fraction of the intensity by which a source of physical energy must be increased or decreased so that a difference in intensity will be perceived ...
... the fraction of the intensity by which a source of physical energy must be increased or decreased so that a difference in intensity will be perceived ...
Cell division takes place next to the RPE. Neuroblastic cells have
... The RPE is developmentally advanced in relation to the neural retina. If it is removed experimentally the retina fails to develop. This happens in some cases of anophthalmia. If it lacks pigment the eye develops abnormally. Elements associated with pigment regulate cell cycle exit. ...
... The RPE is developmentally advanced in relation to the neural retina. If it is removed experimentally the retina fails to develop. This happens in some cases of anophthalmia. If it lacks pigment the eye develops abnormally. Elements associated with pigment regulate cell cycle exit. ...
unit 4 — sensation - Mayfield City Schools
... Pupil- adjustable opening in the center of the eye Iris- a ring of muscle that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening Lens- transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape through accommodation to focus images on the retina Retina- the ...
... Pupil- adjustable opening in the center of the eye Iris- a ring of muscle that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening Lens- transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape through accommodation to focus images on the retina Retina- the ...
Sensation
... Pupil- adjustable opening in the center of the eye Iris- a ring of muscle that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening Lens- transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape through accommodation to focus images on the retina Retina- the ...
... Pupil- adjustable opening in the center of the eye Iris- a ring of muscle that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening Lens- transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape through accommodation to focus images on the retina Retina- the ...
Lecture 3
... Projections from the Retina Axons from the retina project to three areas: 1) Pretectal area: a midbrain area that controls pupillary reflexes. 2) Superior colliculus: controls saccadic (rapid) eye movements. 3) Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus: This is the principal pathway, which p ...
... Projections from the Retina Axons from the retina project to three areas: 1) Pretectal area: a midbrain area that controls pupillary reflexes. 2) Superior colliculus: controls saccadic (rapid) eye movements. 3) Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus: This is the principal pathway, which p ...
EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (7th Edition in Modules) David Myers
... 1. Cornea: Transparent tissue where light enters the eye. 2. Iris: Muscle that expands and contracts to change the size of the opening (pupil) for light. 3. Lens: Focuses the light rays on the retina. 4. Retina: Contains sensory receptors that process visual information and sends it to the brain. ...
... 1. Cornea: Transparent tissue where light enters the eye. 2. Iris: Muscle that expands and contracts to change the size of the opening (pupil) for light. 3. Lens: Focuses the light rays on the retina. 4. Retina: Contains sensory receptors that process visual information and sends it to the brain. ...
Lesson 2 | The Senses
... The Senses Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly replaces the underlined words in each sentence. NOTE: You may need to change a term to its plural form. ...
... The Senses Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly replaces the underlined words in each sentence. NOTE: You may need to change a term to its plural form. ...
Economics
... Sensation – detect physical energy (a stimulus) from the environment and convert it into neural signals; the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment Perception – the process of organizing and interpreting sensory informat ...
... Sensation – detect physical energy (a stimulus) from the environment and convert it into neural signals; the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment Perception – the process of organizing and interpreting sensory informat ...
- ScienceCentral
... Typically cone cells are distributed in a regular manner with an arrangement of four equal, double cones surrounding a single cone that may lies centrally or additionally or both, or may be absent (Engström, 1963; van deer Meer, 1992). There are three typical cone mosaic patterns: row, square, and t ...
... Typically cone cells are distributed in a regular manner with an arrangement of four equal, double cones surrounding a single cone that may lies centrally or additionally or both, or may be absent (Engström, 1963; van deer Meer, 1992). There are three typical cone mosaic patterns: row, square, and t ...
Eye and Ear - smithlhhsb121
... Light strikes two types of photoreceptors, rods or cones ◦ Rods detect intensity ◦ Cones detect colour (three types) ...
... Light strikes two types of photoreceptors, rods or cones ◦ Rods detect intensity ◦ Cones detect colour (three types) ...
THE EYE - El Camino College
... • The macula, located in the center of the retina, is where most of the cone cells are located. • The fovea, a small depression in the center of the macula, has the highest concentration of cone cells. • The macula is responsible for central vision, seeing color, and distinguishing fine detail. • Th ...
... • The macula, located in the center of the retina, is where most of the cone cells are located. • The fovea, a small depression in the center of the macula, has the highest concentration of cone cells. • The macula is responsible for central vision, seeing color, and distinguishing fine detail. • Th ...
intropig
... where D is the optical density of the photopigment. (Thus, when D is low the normalized absorbance and absorbtance spectra are the same shape.) To compare an absorbance spectrum with a corneally-measured human spectral sensitivity, requires several steps and assumptions. First, we must know the effe ...
... where D is the optical density of the photopigment. (Thus, when D is low the normalized absorbance and absorbtance spectra are the same shape.) To compare an absorbance spectrum with a corneally-measured human spectral sensitivity, requires several steps and assumptions. First, we must know the effe ...
C9 Function of the Sensory Organs
... -List the sequence of events that occurs between the entry of a sound wave into the external auditory canal and the firing of action potentials in the cochlear nerve. - Describe vestibular apparatus and edequaate stimulus. -What is the relationship betweet head movement and cupula movement in a semi ...
... -List the sequence of events that occurs between the entry of a sound wave into the external auditory canal and the firing of action potentials in the cochlear nerve. - Describe vestibular apparatus and edequaate stimulus. -What is the relationship betweet head movement and cupula movement in a semi ...
Visual Pathways
... Cones: Photopic Cones Lower sensi7vity Photopic High resolu7on Lower sensitivity Chroma7c High resolution Chromatic ...
... Cones: Photopic Cones Lower sensi7vity Photopic High resolu7on Lower sensitivity Chroma7c High resolution Chromatic ...
Eye Presentation - Downey Unified School District
... ● directs rays of light to a point at the optical center or axis of the lens ● thick across the middle and thin at the upper and lower edges ● Diverging lens(concave) ● directs light away from the optical center or axis of the lens ● thin across middle and thick at the upper and lower edges ...
... ● directs rays of light to a point at the optical center or axis of the lens ● thick across the middle and thin at the upper and lower edges ● Diverging lens(concave) ● directs light away from the optical center or axis of the lens ● thin across middle and thick at the upper and lower edges ...
Powerpoint
... Lens- transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape through accommodation to focus images on the retina ...
... Lens- transparent structure behind pupil that changes shape through accommodation to focus images on the retina ...
o Light hits object, bounces off, scatters and then the human eye
... o Receptors are at the very back, where light travels through other neural matter before reaching them – an accident? o This leads to a blind spot in each eye, where ganglion cell axons converge an ...
... o Receptors are at the very back, where light travels through other neural matter before reaching them – an accident? o This leads to a blind spot in each eye, where ganglion cell axons converge an ...
Sensory Coding
... Cones: Are found mainly in the fovea, are highly sensitive and used for precise vision. There are three types (red, blue and green) which are maximally responsive to these colours. They do not work well in dim light. Rods and cones contain chemicals that release energy when struck by light (phot ...
... Cones: Are found mainly in the fovea, are highly sensitive and used for precise vision. There are three types (red, blue and green) which are maximally responsive to these colours. They do not work well in dim light. Rods and cones contain chemicals that release energy when struck by light (phot ...
2.4 Crossword - Avon Community School Corporation
... devoid of rods and cones and is insensitive to light. 14 The sensory membrane that lines most of the large posterior chamber of the vertebrate eye, is composed of several layers including one containing the rods and cones, and functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image fo ...
... devoid of rods and cones and is insensitive to light. 14 The sensory membrane that lines most of the large posterior chamber of the vertebrate eye, is composed of several layers including one containing the rods and cones, and functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image fo ...
Document
... • Light waves pass through the cornea, pupil, and lens of the eye, ultimately falling on the retina, the interior lining of the back of the eye. ...
... • Light waves pass through the cornea, pupil, and lens of the eye, ultimately falling on the retina, the interior lining of the back of the eye. ...
Brain and Behaviour
... • Light waves pass through the cornea, pupil, and lens of the eye, ultimately falling on the retina, the interior lining of the back of the eye. ...
... • Light waves pass through the cornea, pupil, and lens of the eye, ultimately falling on the retina, the interior lining of the back of the eye. ...
Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form a representation of the visual world, sight. The rods are narrower than the cones and distributed differently across the retina, but the chemical process in each that supports phototransduction is similar. A third class of photoreceptor cells was discovered during the 1990s: the photosensitive ganglion cells. These cells do not contribute to sight directly, but are thought to support circadian rhythms and pupillary reflex.There are major functional differences between the rods and cones. Rods are extremely sensitive, and can be triggered by a single photon. At very low light levels, visual experience is based solely on the rod signal. This explains why colors cannot be seen at low light levels: only one type of photoreceptor cell is active.Cones require significantly brighter light (i.e., a larger numbers of photons) in order to produce a signal. In humans, there are three different types of cone cell, distinguished by their pattern of response to different wavelengths of light. Color experience is calculated from these three distinct signals, perhaps via an opponent process. The three types of cone cell respond (roughly) to light of short, medium, and long wavelengths. Note that, due to the principle of univariance, the firing of the cell depends upon only the number of photons absorbed. The different responses of the three types of cone cells are determined by the likelihoods that their respective photoreceptor proteins will absorb photons of different wavelengths. So, for example, an L cone cell contains a photoreceptor protein that more readily absorbs long wavelengths of light (i.e., more ""red""). Light of a shorter wavelength can also produce the same response, but it must be much brighter to do so.The human retina contains about 120 million rod cells and 6 million cone cells. The number and ratio of rods to cones varies among species, dependent on whether an animal is primarily diurnal or nocturnal. Certain owls, such as the tawny owl, have a tremendous number of rods in their retinae. In addition, there are about 2.4 million to 3 million ganglion cells in the human visual system, the axons of these cells form the 2 optic nerves, 1 to 2% of them photosensitive.The pineal and parapineal glands are photoreceptive in non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals. Birds have photoactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons within the paraventricular organ that respond to light in the absence of input from the eyes or neurotransmitters. Invertebrate photoreceptors in organisms such as insects and molluscs are different in both their morphological organization and their underlying biochemical pathways. Described here are human photoreceptors.