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... associations between attractive and defensive traits may be nonadaptive or result from correlational selection on sets of herbivoryand pollination-linked traits. Nonadditivity of fitness effects of mutualists and antagonists, a requisite for correlational selection, was experimentally tested in the ...
... associations between attractive and defensive traits may be nonadaptive or result from correlational selection on sets of herbivoryand pollination-linked traits. Nonadditivity of fitness effects of mutualists and antagonists, a requisite for correlational selection, was experimentally tested in the ...
Herbicides and Amphibian Populations
... herbicides and their adverse affects on amphibian populations is a very complex issue and is in need of further research. Another leading scientist in this study area is Tyrone Hayes. Hayes has conducted studies on the effects of Atrazine® on amphibians and in particular if Atrazine® is causing endo ...
... herbicides and their adverse affects on amphibian populations is a very complex issue and is in need of further research. Another leading scientist in this study area is Tyrone Hayes. Hayes has conducted studies on the effects of Atrazine® on amphibians and in particular if Atrazine® is causing endo ...
Genetically engineered organisms and the environment: Current
... Only a small fraction of the progeny is likely to exhibit high yield and disease resistance, without any extraneous unwanted traits. Moreover, breeding efforts can be jeopardized at the outset by a lack of appropriate genes from sexually compatible relatives. Genetic engineering provides a powerful ...
... Only a small fraction of the progeny is likely to exhibit high yield and disease resistance, without any extraneous unwanted traits. Moreover, breeding efforts can be jeopardized at the outset by a lack of appropriate genes from sexually compatible relatives. Genetic engineering provides a powerful ...
Evaluation of natural enemies released for the biological control of
... Many exotic weed problems exist throughout the world today and there is a need for effective, low cost, and sustainable control methods that will reduce added stresses on native ecosystems (Andres and Goeden 1971). Biological control of weeds, using host-specific phytophagous insects from the exotic ...
... Many exotic weed problems exist throughout the world today and there is a need for effective, low cost, and sustainable control methods that will reduce added stresses on native ecosystems (Andres and Goeden 1971). Biological control of weeds, using host-specific phytophagous insects from the exotic ...
Biological Control to Maintain Natural Densities of Insects and Mites
... In the present study, the biological control of insects and mites to maintain their natural densities by field releases of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is analyzed. Female lady beetles may lay from 20 to more than 1000 eggs over a one to three month period, near prey such as aphids in pr ...
... In the present study, the biological control of insects and mites to maintain their natural densities by field releases of lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is analyzed. Female lady beetles may lay from 20 to more than 1000 eggs over a one to three month period, near prey such as aphids in pr ...
early primary succession on mount st. helens: impact of insect
... population of the legume Lupinus lepidus var. lobbii that is colonizing the primary successional landscape created by Mount St. Helens’ 1980 eruption. In 1981, several individual lupines colonized the otherwise barren north slope of Mount St. Helens from remnant populations elsewhere on the volcano. ...
... population of the legume Lupinus lepidus var. lobbii that is colonizing the primary successional landscape created by Mount St. Helens’ 1980 eruption. In 1981, several individual lupines colonized the otherwise barren north slope of Mount St. Helens from remnant populations elsewhere on the volcano. ...
parks victoria technical series ecosystem conceptual models for
... The models should be continuously improved and refined as information is fed back. Currently they are based on a relatively small initial knowledge base, and should be modified as new information is sourced and incorporated. Because of this, the models do not yet fulfill the role of a comprehensive ...
... The models should be continuously improved and refined as information is fed back. Currently they are based on a relatively small initial knowledge base, and should be modified as new information is sourced and incorporated. Because of this, the models do not yet fulfill the role of a comprehensive ...
ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT for Dioscorea
... management is high. The potential for large-scale restoration of wildlands where D. oppositifolia has become established is probably moderate. Although there is not much conclusive evidence on how best to manage D. oppositifolia in wildlands, control efforts for this species may be similar to those ...
... management is high. The potential for large-scale restoration of wildlands where D. oppositifolia has become established is probably moderate. Although there is not much conclusive evidence on how best to manage D. oppositifolia in wildlands, control efforts for this species may be similar to those ...
sagnard_etal_2007_ecomod
... although several processes might interact simultaneously to shape a spatial pattern and limit the ecological information that can be drawn from spatial statistics, spatial analysis of fully mapped data can help us to better understand the demographic dynamics of plant populations when using clearly ...
... although several processes might interact simultaneously to shape a spatial pattern and limit the ecological information that can be drawn from spatial statistics, spatial analysis of fully mapped data can help us to better understand the demographic dynamics of plant populations when using clearly ...
Ecological Effects of Allelopathic Plants – a Review
... No commonly agreed well-defined methods exist for verification of allelopathic activity. Protocols have been suggested and attempted to verify that allelopathy is operating. These protocols are typically physiologically based (e.g. Rice 1984, Putnam & Tang 1986, Wallstedt et al. 1997). Such an appro ...
... No commonly agreed well-defined methods exist for verification of allelopathic activity. Protocols have been suggested and attempted to verify that allelopathy is operating. These protocols are typically physiologically based (e.g. Rice 1984, Putnam & Tang 1986, Wallstedt et al. 1997). Such an appro ...
A Guide to Selling Native Prairie Seed in Nebraska
... origin or any selective breeding that has taken place. However, not all “Common” seed is local ecotype seed, since that category can include seed harvested from anywhere, including stands of cultivar grasses, non-native species, etc. The use of local ecotype seed has been promoted by many conservati ...
... origin or any selective breeding that has taken place. However, not all “Common” seed is local ecotype seed, since that category can include seed harvested from anywhere, including stands of cultivar grasses, non-native species, etc. The use of local ecotype seed has been promoted by many conservati ...
Verbascum thapsus Recent Advances in Research REVIEW ARTICLE
... of the leaves of V. thapsus L. and found that the unshaved half of the leaf was consistently warmer than the shaved half. The hairs must, then, affect the leaf energy exchange, since two halves of the same leaf, differing only in the presence of hairs, reached different equilibrium temperatures. Con ...
... of the leaves of V. thapsus L. and found that the unshaved half of the leaf was consistently warmer than the shaved half. The hairs must, then, affect the leaf energy exchange, since two halves of the same leaf, differing only in the presence of hairs, reached different equilibrium temperatures. Con ...
Systems Lesson Plan Revised
... comes from the residue of plants—for example, the remains of plant roots deep within the soil, or materials that fall on the ground, such as leaves on a forest floor. These materials become part of a cycle of decomposition and decay, a cycle that provides important nutrients to the soil. In general, ...
... comes from the residue of plants—for example, the remains of plant roots deep within the soil, or materials that fall on the ground, such as leaves on a forest floor. These materials become part of a cycle of decomposition and decay, a cycle that provides important nutrients to the soil. In general, ...
FACTORS AFFECTING POLLINATION AND SEED SET OF A RARE
... along the Pacific Coast of California (Figure 1). In Humboldt County, it occurs primarily on roadsides, skid roads, recent clear-cut areas and other ruderal areas. As with other pioneer or disturbance-related species, S. malachroides appears to be a short-lived perennial. Populations senesce between ...
... along the Pacific Coast of California (Figure 1). In Humboldt County, it occurs primarily on roadsides, skid roads, recent clear-cut areas and other ruderal areas. As with other pioneer or disturbance-related species, S. malachroides appears to be a short-lived perennial. Populations senesce between ...
Seed dispersal by pulp consumers, not ``legitimate`` seed
... are a significant component of their diet. The last two infrequent visitors of G. viburnoides (Cyanocorax chrysops and Ramphastos toco) are likely to impact the recruitment pattern in much the same way as the quantitatively important dispersers, given that they process the fruit in a similar manner a ...
... are a significant component of their diet. The last two infrequent visitors of G. viburnoides (Cyanocorax chrysops and Ramphastos toco) are likely to impact the recruitment pattern in much the same way as the quantitatively important dispersers, given that they process the fruit in a similar manner a ...
11 The Functional Role of Soil Seed Banks in Natural Communities
... myself why there were so many heather seedlings in the place where the pinewoods burned, but so few thistles? Why did many seedlings sometimes emerge in a footprint, but not just beside it? Why did the annual grass Bromus rubens show up every year, but on the same site Glaucium corniculatum only eve ...
... myself why there were so many heather seedlings in the place where the pinewoods burned, but so few thistles? Why did many seedlings sometimes emerge in a footprint, but not just beside it? Why did the annual grass Bromus rubens show up every year, but on the same site Glaucium corniculatum only eve ...
Columbia River - Washington State University
... The problem statement recognizes the many uses of the river by the public in the City of Richland Parks on the Columbia River and that these uses are being degraded by the increasing presence of the invasive alien aquatic plant, Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). The overarching manageme ...
... The problem statement recognizes the many uses of the river by the public in the City of Richland Parks on the Columbia River and that these uses are being degraded by the increasing presence of the invasive alien aquatic plant, Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum). The overarching manageme ...
Prairie Seed Harvesting
... The combines may harvest up to 910 kg per hour of bulk seed (Faessler and Apfelbaum, 1988). Because of their large size and weight, combines are often unsuitable for ecologically sensitive sites (areas that are easily damaged) as well as those with rough or steep terrain. Combines usually operate by ...
... The combines may harvest up to 910 kg per hour of bulk seed (Faessler and Apfelbaum, 1988). Because of their large size and weight, combines are often unsuitable for ecologically sensitive sites (areas that are easily damaged) as well as those with rough or steep terrain. Combines usually operate by ...
Seed limitation and the coexistence of pioneer tree species
... can promote species coexistence by greatly slowing competitive exclusion (Tilman 1994, Hurtt & Pacala 1995). This is because when plants are seed limited recruitment sites are frequently won not by the strongest competitor in the community (Kitajima and Poorter, chapter xxx), but by the best competi ...
... can promote species coexistence by greatly slowing competitive exclusion (Tilman 1994, Hurtt & Pacala 1995). This is because when plants are seed limited recruitment sites are frequently won not by the strongest competitor in the community (Kitajima and Poorter, chapter xxx), but by the best competi ...
Why should we care about soil fauna?
... significantly higher in the plots without earthworms, because the soil structure and fertility were not a constraint to herbage production in comparison to the effects of the fungal pathogen. These examples suggest the need to be specific about the particular circumstances under which soil fauna can ...
... significantly higher in the plots without earthworms, because the soil structure and fertility were not a constraint to herbage production in comparison to the effects of the fungal pathogen. These examples suggest the need to be specific about the particular circumstances under which soil fauna can ...
Wild Open Spaces of the West
... For example, cows generally prefer grasses, goats consume mostly shrubs, and sheep eat mixed diets of grasses, browse and forbs ...
... For example, cows generally prefer grasses, goats consume mostly shrubs, and sheep eat mixed diets of grasses, browse and forbs ...
Soil community composition and ecosystem processes D. A. NEHER
... plant productivity, enhancing water relations, regulating nutrient mineralisation, permitting decomposition, and acting as an environmental buffer. Agricultural soils would more closely resemble soils of natural ecosystems if management practices would reduce or eliminate cultivation, heavy machiner ...
... plant productivity, enhancing water relations, regulating nutrient mineralisation, permitting decomposition, and acting as an environmental buffer. Agricultural soils would more closely resemble soils of natural ecosystems if management practices would reduce or eliminate cultivation, heavy machiner ...
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... and thus fitness increases. This is a necessary condition for frugivory to evolve, but it is not a sufficient condition. Traits that affect attractiveness of the fruit to frugivores, such as their size, nutrient content or pigmentation that makes them more visible, are also expected to be costly in ...
... and thus fitness increases. This is a necessary condition for frugivory to evolve, but it is not a sufficient condition. Traits that affect attractiveness of the fruit to frugivores, such as their size, nutrient content or pigmentation that makes them more visible, are also expected to be costly in ...
A study of secondary seed predation and dispersal in Bornean Peat
... The hypothesis that seeds must be moved away from the parent tree in order to have better rates of survival was pioneered by Janzen (1970) (for survival of seeds) and Connell (1971) (for survival of seedlings). They suggested that based on density dependence, predator and pathogen pressure would dec ...
... The hypothesis that seeds must be moved away from the parent tree in order to have better rates of survival was pioneered by Janzen (1970) (for survival of seeds) and Connell (1971) (for survival of seedlings). They suggested that based on density dependence, predator and pathogen pressure would dec ...