DEPARTAMENT DE FARMACOLOGIA, DE TERAPÈUTICA I DE TOXICOLOGIA
... 7. REFERENCES ............................................................................ 205 8. APPENDICES .............................................................................225 FIS-MDMA STUDY PROTOCOL ................................................. 227 ...
... 7. REFERENCES ............................................................................ 205 8. APPENDICES .............................................................................225 FIS-MDMA STUDY PROTOCOL ................................................. 227 ...
Neuronal mechanisms of executive control by the prefrontal cortex
... memory model. Since it would be difficult for a defective central executive to oversee the simultaneous and coordinated operation of two slave systems (the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop) in their model, they proposed that the executive control can be analyzed using a dual-task par ...
... memory model. Since it would be difficult for a defective central executive to oversee the simultaneous and coordinated operation of two slave systems (the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop) in their model, they proposed that the executive control can be analyzed using a dual-task par ...
Psychosocial Stress in Rats: Animal Model of PTSD Based on
... Whereas clinical research is vital for the implementation of novel treatments, animal models of PTSD provide a crucial complementary component to this process. In addition to their key role in establishing the safety and initial efficacy of novel therapeutic compounds, animal models are valuable in t ...
... Whereas clinical research is vital for the implementation of novel treatments, animal models of PTSD provide a crucial complementary component to this process. In addition to their key role in establishing the safety and initial efficacy of novel therapeutic compounds, animal models are valuable in t ...
Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning
... 1. Electrophysiological study : results and perspectives ................................................ 145 2. Functional imaging study : results and perspectives .................................................. 147 3. Neuropsychological study : results and perspectives ......................... ...
... 1. Electrophysiological study : results and perspectives ................................................ 145 2. Functional imaging study : results and perspectives .................................................. 147 3. Neuropsychological study : results and perspectives ......................... ...
associations
... Local mechanism: By its very nature, a synapse is the transmission site where information-bearing signals are in spationtemporal contiguity. This locally available information is used by the synapse to produce a local modification that is input specific; ...
... Local mechanism: By its very nature, a synapse is the transmission site where information-bearing signals are in spationtemporal contiguity. This locally available information is used by the synapse to produce a local modification that is input specific; ...
review - NYU Psychology
... fear response can be elicited without explicit awareness of the CS21,22. A subliminal presentation of CS results in activation of the right amygdala23. Conditioned responses to subliminally presented CSs are only reported when the CSs are drawn from naturally fear-relevant stimulus categories, such ...
... fear response can be elicited without explicit awareness of the CS21,22. A subliminal presentation of CS results in activation of the right amygdala23. Conditioned responses to subliminally presented CSs are only reported when the CSs are drawn from naturally fear-relevant stimulus categories, such ...
MR Imaging–Detectable Metabolic Alterations in Attention Deficit
... investigate the pathogenesis and effect of conventional treatments. In this article, we review the most recent clinical and preclinical MR spectroscopy results on subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and animal models, from childhood to adulthood. We found that the most investigated ...
... investigate the pathogenesis and effect of conventional treatments. In this article, we review the most recent clinical and preclinical MR spectroscopy results on subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and animal models, from childhood to adulthood. We found that the most investigated ...
fulltext
... UCS), becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that in itself produces the physiological reaction. The process of conditioning was first reported by Ivan Pavlov in 1907 and is sometimes simply called Pavlovian conditioning (Pavlov, 1927). When the UCS involved elicits a physiological fear reaction, the p ...
... UCS), becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that in itself produces the physiological reaction. The process of conditioning was first reported by Ivan Pavlov in 1907 and is sometimes simply called Pavlovian conditioning (Pavlov, 1927). When the UCS involved elicits a physiological fear reaction, the p ...
Involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Hippocampal
... performance of affected mice in behavioral tasks related to spatial memory. Moreover, lack of TNFα increased the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), following performance of the learning task. Our results suggest that TNFα actively influences hi ...
... performance of affected mice in behavioral tasks related to spatial memory. Moreover, lack of TNFα increased the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), following performance of the learning task. Our results suggest that TNFα actively influences hi ...
Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae
... and therefore less mechanistically informative, than in the larval zebrafish. The readiness with which zebrafish larvae lend themselves to optogenetics and other molecular tools (each with its own distinct efficacy across development), together with the general experimental advantages of zebrafish f ...
... and therefore less mechanistically informative, than in the larval zebrafish. The readiness with which zebrafish larvae lend themselves to optogenetics and other molecular tools (each with its own distinct efficacy across development), together with the general experimental advantages of zebrafish f ...
Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
High reward expectancy during methylphenidate depresses the
... RPE. Instead, we created a full-range parametric variation of the RPE from unexpected high punishment to unexpected large reward and measured the phasic dopamine response for each level. Second, previous studies used task paradigms in which participants learn to improve performance. Such tasks engag ...
... RPE. Instead, we created a full-range parametric variation of the RPE from unexpected high punishment to unexpected large reward and measured the phasic dopamine response for each level. Second, previous studies used task paradigms in which participants learn to improve performance. Such tasks engag ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
... testing is performed in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus, amygdala lesions may not produce significant deficits partly because the neutral visual stimulus is being associated with a visual stimulus with secondary reinforcing properties, the sight of food; and partly because with spaced trials, a h ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... encounter (source recollection). Encoding activation in hippocampus and in posterior parahippocampal cortex predicted later source recollection, but was uncorrelated with item recognition. In contrast, encoding activation in perirhinal cortex predicted later item recognition, but not subsequent sour ...
... encounter (source recollection). Encoding activation in hippocampus and in posterior parahippocampal cortex predicted later source recollection, but was uncorrelated with item recognition. In contrast, encoding activation in perirhinal cortex predicted later item recognition, but not subsequent sour ...
The neural correlates of implicit and explicit sequence learning
... endorse the idea that any task will always tend to involve both implicit and explicit processes, to different degrees determined by a host of factors ranging from the complexity of the material to the subject’s orientation to learn (e.g., Jiménez et al. 1996). This mandates a different experimental ...
... endorse the idea that any task will always tend to involve both implicit and explicit processes, to different degrees determined by a host of factors ranging from the complexity of the material to the subject’s orientation to learn (e.g., Jiménez et al. 1996). This mandates a different experimental ...
Condition interference in rats performing a choice task with switched
... upon responses to any situation is essential. To date, however, decision processes and the underlying neural substrates have been investigated under specific conditions; thus, little is known about how various conditions influence one another in these processes. In this study, we designed a binary c ...
... upon responses to any situation is essential. To date, however, decision processes and the underlying neural substrates have been investigated under specific conditions; thus, little is known about how various conditions influence one another in these processes. In this study, we designed a binary c ...
Manuscript_text
... models of anxiety and antidepressant efficacy. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying harmane’s psychotropic effects are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injection of harmane (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) on fear-conditioned (FC) behaviour, hypothalamo-pituitary-adr ...
... models of anxiety and antidepressant efficacy. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying harmane’s psychotropic effects are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injection of harmane (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) on fear-conditioned (FC) behaviour, hypothalamo-pituitary-adr ...
Chronic stress prior to hippocampal stroke
... tubes were manually vibrated for 5–10 s every 15 min of that stress phase in order to prevent habituation. For restraint stress, the animals in the stress + stroke group were maintained in custom-made transparent Plexiglas tube (6 cm inner diameter) of adjustable length, from 10:30 am to 11:30 am fo ...
... tubes were manually vibrated for 5–10 s every 15 min of that stress phase in order to prevent habituation. For restraint stress, the animals in the stress + stroke group were maintained in custom-made transparent Plexiglas tube (6 cm inner diameter) of adjustable length, from 10:30 am to 11:30 am fo ...
Different Roles for Amygdala Central Nucleus and Substantia
... critical determinant of the acquisition of learned associations. The results of studies from many laboratories show that the surprising omission of an expected event may enhance attention to stimuli that remain present, such that subsequent learning about those stimuli is enhanced. A series of repor ...
... critical determinant of the acquisition of learned associations. The results of studies from many laboratories show that the surprising omission of an expected event may enhance attention to stimuli that remain present, such that subsequent learning about those stimuli is enhanced. A series of repor ...
Interactions between frontal cortex and basal ganglia in working
... of memories that are stored in the synaptic connections between neurons (weight-based memory; Cohen et al., 1996; Munakata, 1998; O’Reilly et al., 1999; O’Reilly & Munakata, 2000). Activation-based memories have a number of advantages, relative to weight-based memories. For example, activation-based ...
... of memories that are stored in the synaptic connections between neurons (weight-based memory; Cohen et al., 1996; Munakata, 1998; O’Reilly et al., 1999; O’Reilly & Munakata, 2000). Activation-based memories have a number of advantages, relative to weight-based memories. For example, activation-based ...
involvement of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis activated by
... schedule-controlled operant responses for food (Higgins and Sellers, 1994; Koob et al., 1989), elevation of intracranial self-stimulation thresholds (Schaefer and Michael, 1986) and aversive avoidance behavior from the environment previously associated with morphine withdrawal (conditioned place ave ...
... schedule-controlled operant responses for food (Higgins and Sellers, 1994; Koob et al., 1989), elevation of intracranial self-stimulation thresholds (Schaefer and Michael, 1986) and aversive avoidance behavior from the environment previously associated with morphine withdrawal (conditioned place ave ...
Aerobic Glycolysis in the Frontal Cortex Correlates with Memory
... and visualized with a Bio-Rad Molecular Imager (ChemiDoc XRS, BioRad). Densitometric analysis was performed using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad). Preparation of mouse brain soluble and insoluble A extracts and ELISAs. Mouse brain tissue from the frontal cortex was extracted as described above, son ...
... and visualized with a Bio-Rad Molecular Imager (ChemiDoc XRS, BioRad). Densitometric analysis was performed using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad). Preparation of mouse brain soluble and insoluble A extracts and ELISAs. Mouse brain tissue from the frontal cortex was extracted as described above, son ...
- Journal of Adolescent Health
... showed attenuation of frontal lobe asymmetry and smaller total brain and cerebral volumes compared with healthy control subjects. Specifically, children in the control group showed significant right more than left differences across the hemispheres, whereas no significant asymmetry in frontal hemispher ...
... showed attenuation of frontal lobe asymmetry and smaller total brain and cerebral volumes compared with healthy control subjects. Specifically, children in the control group showed significant right more than left differences across the hemispheres, whereas no significant asymmetry in frontal hemispher ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... neural activation states associated with these functions (Silvanto & Pascual-Leone, 2008; Silvanto et al., 2008). To investigate neural activation states, we made use of the findings that the behavioral effects of TMS vary with the initial state of the targeted region, and that different psychophysic ...
... neural activation states associated with these functions (Silvanto & Pascual-Leone, 2008; Silvanto et al., 2008). To investigate neural activation states, we made use of the findings that the behavioral effects of TMS vary with the initial state of the targeted region, and that different psychophysic ...
Episodic memory, amnesia, and the hippocampal–anterior thalamic
... 1. The anatomical focus of the model concerns the connections between the hippocampus, the mamillary bodies, and the medial thalamus. (As a matter of terminology the term hippocampus is used here to refer to the hippocampal fields CA1-4, the dentate gyrus, and the subicular complex. The mamillary bo ...
... 1. The anatomical focus of the model concerns the connections between the hippocampus, the mamillary bodies, and the medial thalamus. (As a matter of terminology the term hippocampus is used here to refer to the hippocampal fields CA1-4, the dentate gyrus, and the subicular complex. The mamillary bo ...