The role of lysosomal cysteine proteases in crustacean immune
... that include a cysteine residue in the catalytic site to hydrolyze peptide bonds (Dunn, 1989). These proteases are distributed in all taxa and the Clan CA, based on papain, is by far the largest among cysteine proteases, which are single polypeptide chain proteins around 30 kDa. All those cysteine p ...
... that include a cysteine residue in the catalytic site to hydrolyze peptide bonds (Dunn, 1989). These proteases are distributed in all taxa and the Clan CA, based on papain, is by far the largest among cysteine proteases, which are single polypeptide chain proteins around 30 kDa. All those cysteine p ...
New molecular biology of T-cell lymphomas - HAL
... testing does not provide any information in NK-cell proliferations, since NK cells do not rearrange their TCR genes. In that setting, clonality analysis can be performed indirectly by immunophenotyping of cell-surface markers such as NK-cell receptors (NKRs). The latter include killer cell immunoglo ...
... testing does not provide any information in NK-cell proliferations, since NK cells do not rearrange their TCR genes. In that setting, clonality analysis can be performed indirectly by immunophenotyping of cell-surface markers such as NK-cell receptors (NKRs). The latter include killer cell immunoglo ...
• - Utrecht University Repository
... are caused by activation of the immune system upon exposure to external substances that should normally be regarded as harmless and invoke tolerance. Allergy is defined as a hypersensitivity reaction initiated by specific immunologic mechanisms [1]. The atopic diseases that arise in patients with al ...
... are caused by activation of the immune system upon exposure to external substances that should normally be regarded as harmless and invoke tolerance. Allergy is defined as a hypersensitivity reaction initiated by specific immunologic mechanisms [1]. The atopic diseases that arise in patients with al ...
Immunity and Gastrointestinal Disease: A Role for Lymphatic Vessels
... the intestinal lumen into the mucosa and muscle layer to extraintestinal sites. These instances can be promoted by bacterial overgrowth in the intestine, host immune deficiencies and in situations of increased permeability of the intestinal wall such as inflammatory bowel diseases [14,15]. The impor ...
... the intestinal lumen into the mucosa and muscle layer to extraintestinal sites. These instances can be promoted by bacterial overgrowth in the intestine, host immune deficiencies and in situations of increased permeability of the intestinal wall such as inflammatory bowel diseases [14,15]. The impor ...
Do all creatures possess an acquired immune system of some sort?
... It has been assumed that the innate sub-system is evolutionarily more ancient, and that variants of this system function in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates [2]. In contrast to innate immunity, acquired immunity has been seen as an evolutionary innovation that is restricted to vertebrates. How ...
... It has been assumed that the innate sub-system is evolutionarily more ancient, and that variants of this system function in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates [2]. In contrast to innate immunity, acquired immunity has been seen as an evolutionary innovation that is restricted to vertebrates. How ...
Inflammation and oxidative stress in vertebrate host–parasite systems
... distinct and conserved microbial molecular structures ( pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs), which are absent from the host: once bound, these receptors directly activate the host’s immune cells. The outcome of this activation is the initiation of the innate inflammatory response (Janeway ...
... distinct and conserved microbial molecular structures ( pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs), which are absent from the host: once bound, these receptors directly activate the host’s immune cells. The outcome of this activation is the initiation of the innate inflammatory response (Janeway ...
Epitope Specificity of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies
... in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis, a disease with a chronic and inflammatory nature. These antibodies do not appear to have any strict dependency for reactivity except from the presence of the non-genetically encoded amino acid citrulline, which is the result of a posttranslational modi ...
... in the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis, a disease with a chronic and inflammatory nature. These antibodies do not appear to have any strict dependency for reactivity except from the presence of the non-genetically encoded amino acid citrulline, which is the result of a posttranslational modi ...
Systems biology in vaccine design
... is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its derived antigenic proteins or its toxins + adjuvant. The antigens stimulate the body’s immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, induces specific immune responses (immunogenicity). Vaccines can be prophylactic (e.g. to prevent ...
... is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its derived antigenic proteins or its toxins + adjuvant. The antigens stimulate the body’s immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, induces specific immune responses (immunogenicity). Vaccines can be prophylactic (e.g. to prevent ...
Combinations of type 1 diabetes, celiac disease and allergy
... Children with allergy showed an increased birch- and cat-induced IL-4 secretion, an increased spontaneous IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-12 secretion .............65 Children with a combination of T1D and celiac disease showed a decreased inhalant- and food-antigen-induced IFN-γ secretion, however an increased ...
... Children with allergy showed an increased birch- and cat-induced IL-4 secretion, an increased spontaneous IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-12 secretion .............65 Children with a combination of T1D and celiac disease showed a decreased inhalant- and food-antigen-induced IFN-γ secretion, however an increased ...
Linking immune defenses and life history at the
... predictions and interpret variation in multiple types of immune defense at both the individual and species levels in vertebrates. In particular, this framework predicts that “fast-living” species (those with high reproductive and low survival rates) should rely more heavily on nonspecific and inflam ...
... predictions and interpret variation in multiple types of immune defense at both the individual and species levels in vertebrates. In particular, this framework predicts that “fast-living” species (those with high reproductive and low survival rates) should rely more heavily on nonspecific and inflam ...
Full-Text PDF
... antibiotic-treated, restricted flora (RF) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase knockout (AID−/−) mice, have demonstrated that bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract participate in the differentiation and activation of B-cells. In GF animals, there are reduced numbers of lamina propria lymphocyt ...
... antibiotic-treated, restricted flora (RF) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase knockout (AID−/−) mice, have demonstrated that bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract participate in the differentiation and activation of B-cells. In GF animals, there are reduced numbers of lamina propria lymphocyt ...
Humoral Sensitization Against Rejected Grafts
... the second graft against which the host has preexistent antibodies, helping to exclude high-risk transplants. In some cases we were not able to find HLA class I antibodies against specific alloantigens despite exposure of the recipient to foreign molecules. Whether an alloepitope will be presented b ...
... the second graft against which the host has preexistent antibodies, helping to exclude high-risk transplants. In some cases we were not able to find HLA class I antibodies against specific alloantigens despite exposure of the recipient to foreign molecules. Whether an alloepitope will be presented b ...
Food Lectins in Health and Disease: An Introduction
... Of particular interest is the implication for autoimmune diseases. Lectins stimulate class II HLA antigens on cells that do not normally display them, such as pancreatic islet and thyroid cells. The islet cell determinant to which cytotoxic autoantibodies bind in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ...
... Of particular interest is the implication for autoimmune diseases. Lectins stimulate class II HLA antigens on cells that do not normally display them, such as pancreatic islet and thyroid cells. The islet cell determinant to which cytotoxic autoantibodies bind in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ...
Intranasal immunization of mice with Echinococcus
... a liposome (Morein & Simons 1985), or an immuno stimulating complex (iscom) (Morein et al. 1984). An inadequate immune response is not only irrelevant but may even favor the invading organism (Heinzel, Sadick, Mutha et al. 1991), thus induction of a proper response is a relevant research goal. A sim ...
... a liposome (Morein & Simons 1985), or an immuno stimulating complex (iscom) (Morein et al. 1984). An inadequate immune response is not only irrelevant but may even favor the invading organism (Heinzel, Sadick, Mutha et al. 1991), thus induction of a proper response is a relevant research goal. A sim ...
Simultaneous Detection of Circulating Autoreactive CD8 T
... was available, corresponding to 3 recent-onset diabetic patients, allowing a direct comparison of the presence of CD8⫹ T-cells specific for the islet epitopes (Fig. 2, left panels). Generally, the frequency of -cell antigen-reactive CD8⫹ T-cells was higher in recent-onset diabetic patients than in ...
... was available, corresponding to 3 recent-onset diabetic patients, allowing a direct comparison of the presence of CD8⫹ T-cells specific for the islet epitopes (Fig. 2, left panels). Generally, the frequency of -cell antigen-reactive CD8⫹ T-cells was higher in recent-onset diabetic patients than in ...
neuropeptides activate t cells
... For maintaining clarity, brevity, and focus in this review, and because of space limitations, the present review will deal with only one type of immune cells: T-cells, and cover only the activation of these cells by certain neurotransmitters. To stay away from misleading generalizations, the review ...
... For maintaining clarity, brevity, and focus in this review, and because of space limitations, the present review will deal with only one type of immune cells: T-cells, and cover only the activation of these cells by certain neurotransmitters. To stay away from misleading generalizations, the review ...
Ronald van Ree
... • healthy immune response against allergens: Treg/IL10/TGFβ or Th1/IFNγ or both? • do B-cells of non-atopic individuals ignore allergens or(environment produce IgG/IgA ...
... • healthy immune response against allergens: Treg/IL10/TGFβ or Th1/IFNγ or both? • do B-cells of non-atopic individuals ignore allergens or(environment produce IgG/IgA ...
Augmenting the First Line of Defense in Gastrointentinal
... present a critical component in functional mutualism between innate and adaptive immune components19. ...
... present a critical component in functional mutualism between innate and adaptive immune components19. ...
WRL2903.tmp
... independently of any possible binding to each other. The next question is, where would we expect BB map on this axis? One way of looking at it is to say that AA and BB are both self, so they may be similar to each other, and therefore may map on the same side as each other. On the other hand ...
... independently of any possible binding to each other. The next question is, where would we expect BB map on this axis? One way of looking at it is to say that AA and BB are both self, so they may be similar to each other, and therefore may map on the same side as each other. On the other hand ...
Antimicrobial peptides: A natural alternative to chemical antibiotics
... the basis of their structural features, cationic peptides can be divided as well into three different classes: (1) linear peptides forming-helical structures; (2) cysteine-rich openended peptides containing single or several disulfide bridges; and (3) molecules rich in specific amino acids such as p ...
... the basis of their structural features, cationic peptides can be divided as well into three different classes: (1) linear peptides forming-helical structures; (2) cysteine-rich openended peptides containing single or several disulfide bridges; and (3) molecules rich in specific amino acids such as p ...
Glycosylation and Fc Receptors
... be membrane bound in the form of surface immunoglobulins or soluble. Surface immunoglobulins form part of the B-cell receptor (BCR) and are composed of membrane bound immunoglobulin D (IgD) or immunoglobulin M (IgM). This allows the antibody producing B-cell to detect specific antigens resulting in ...
... be membrane bound in the form of surface immunoglobulins or soluble. Surface immunoglobulins form part of the B-cell receptor (BCR) and are composed of membrane bound immunoglobulin D (IgD) or immunoglobulin M (IgM). This allows the antibody producing B-cell to detect specific antigens resulting in ...
Mitochondria: an Unexpected Force in Innate Immunity
... do mitochondria provide a platform for innate antiviral signalling but they also take an active role in orchestrating the innate immune response to disruption of homeostasis. Furthermore, dysfunctional mitochondria can also act as activators of innate immunity, thus placing mitochondria squarely at ...
... do mitochondria provide a platform for innate antiviral signalling but they also take an active role in orchestrating the innate immune response to disruption of homeostasis. Furthermore, dysfunctional mitochondria can also act as activators of innate immunity, thus placing mitochondria squarely at ...
PowerPoint Slides
... • A 60-year follow-up study of American Indians reported the longterm efficacy of BCG to be 52%. The reasons for the low efficacy of the BCG vaccine may be generic differences in the BCG strains, differences in immunological properties of study populations or exposure to environmental factors such a ...
... • A 60-year follow-up study of American Indians reported the longterm efficacy of BCG to be 52%. The reasons for the low efficacy of the BCG vaccine may be generic differences in the BCG strains, differences in immunological properties of study populations or exposure to environmental factors such a ...
Full Reviews Immunity in arterial hypertension
... refractory hypertension [41]. Such antibodies bind to the extracellular domain of the AT(1) receptor and induce angiotensin II-independent receptor activation, which can be blocked with AT receptor blockers [39, 40]. Meanwhile, autoantibodies against other vascular antigens or heat-shock proteins ha ...
... refractory hypertension [41]. Such antibodies bind to the extracellular domain of the AT(1) receptor and induce angiotensin II-independent receptor activation, which can be blocked with AT receptor blockers [39, 40]. Meanwhile, autoantibodies against other vascular antigens or heat-shock proteins ha ...
Gluten immunochemistry
The immunochemistry of Triticeae glutens is important in several inflammatory diseases. It can be subdivided into innate responses (direct stimulation of immune system), class II mediated presentation (HLA DQ), class I meditiated stimulation of killer cells, and antibody recognition. The responses to gluten proteins and polypeptide regions differs according to the type of gluten sensitivity. The response is also dependent on the genetic makeup of the human leukocyte antigen genes. In gluten sensitive enteropathy, there are 4 types of recognition, innate immunity (a form of cellular immunity priming), HLA-DQ, and antibody recognition of gliadin and transglutaminase. With idiopathic gluten sensitivity only antibody recognition to gliadin has been resolved. In wheat allergy, the response pathways are mediated through IgE against other wheat proteins and other forms of gliadin.