introduction to polyomaviruses
... the idea that viral infections might be a major cause of cancer in humans. By the late 1950s, various investigators had succeeded in developing cell culture systems for analysing the transforming activities of murine polyomavirus in vitro. This work set the stage for the discovery of the primate pol ...
... the idea that viral infections might be a major cause of cancer in humans. By the late 1950s, various investigators had succeeded in developing cell culture systems for analysing the transforming activities of murine polyomavirus in vitro. This work set the stage for the discovery of the primate pol ...
Hepatitis
... Provide vaccination for chronic hepatitis B and C patients who have not had hepatitis A or B Screen all patients who have tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection for hepatitis C Background There are several forms of infectious hepatitis, caused by different viral agents. The most ...
... Provide vaccination for chronic hepatitis B and C patients who have not had hepatitis A or B Screen all patients who have tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection for hepatitis C Background There are several forms of infectious hepatitis, caused by different viral agents. The most ...
high-throughput transient gene expression in plant
... Plant protoplasts are widely used in transient expression assays using electroporation or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transfection with foreign materials such as plasmid DNA, RNA or viruses (Dixon, 1994; Koop et aI., 1996). It has been shown that when protoplasts from a variety of plant syste ...
... Plant protoplasts are widely used in transient expression assays using electroporation or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transfection with foreign materials such as plasmid DNA, RNA or viruses (Dixon, 1994; Koop et aI., 1996). It has been shown that when protoplasts from a variety of plant syste ...
Expression of biologically active mouse ciliary neutrophic factor
... The CNTF receptor (CNTFR) comprises three subunits: CNTFRa, leukemia inhibitory factor b receptor (LIFRb) and gp130 [40, 41]. CNTFRa is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) - anchored protein, which can also be found in a soluble form (sCNTFRa) [42]. The binding of CNTF to membrane bound or soluble ...
... The CNTF receptor (CNTFR) comprises three subunits: CNTFRa, leukemia inhibitory factor b receptor (LIFRb) and gp130 [40, 41]. CNTFRa is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) - anchored protein, which can also be found in a soluble form (sCNTFRa) [42]. The binding of CNTF to membrane bound or soluble ...
Bacterial second messengers, cGMP and cdiGMP, in a quest for
... XC_0249) are encoded by more than 50 other bacteria, which suggests that the cGMP–c-di-GMP regulatory hierarchy may be even more common. An et al, (2013) report the crystal structure of the cNMPbinding domain of XC_0249 with bound cGMP (PDB entry 4KG1), which provides insights into the distribution ...
... XC_0249) are encoded by more than 50 other bacteria, which suggests that the cGMP–c-di-GMP regulatory hierarchy may be even more common. An et al, (2013) report the crystal structure of the cNMPbinding domain of XC_0249 with bound cGMP (PDB entry 4KG1), which provides insights into the distribution ...
Herpes simplex virus-1 and varicella
... and becomes latent in ganglia of rabbits and mice after experimental inoculation by various routes. Further, virus can be induced to reactivate by various external stimuli. Thus, studies of HSV latency in humans have been paralleled by models of latency in different animals. The HSV genome HSV-1 is ...
... and becomes latent in ganglia of rabbits and mice after experimental inoculation by various routes. Further, virus can be induced to reactivate by various external stimuli. Thus, studies of HSV latency in humans have been paralleled by models of latency in different animals. The HSV genome HSV-1 is ...
Interferon
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.IFNs belong to the large class of proteins known as cytokines, molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that help eradicate pathogens. Interferons are named for their ability to ""interfere"" with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections. IFNs also have various other functions: they activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages; they increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Certain symptoms of infections, such as fever, muscle pain and ""flu-like symptoms"", are also caused by the production of IFNs and other cytokines.More than twenty distinct IFN genes and proteins have been identified in animals, including humans. They are typically divided among three classes: Type I IFN, Type II IFN, and Type III IFN. IFNs belonging to all three classes are important for fighting viral infections and for the regulation of the immune system.