V. harveyi
... It was discovered that when Vibrio fischeri cells were solitary, they did not luminesce. Only when many cells came together, in places such as the gut of a fish, did the luminescence “turned on”. This is makes sense, as there is no advantage for a single, isolated bacterium to produce light. ...
... It was discovered that when Vibrio fischeri cells were solitary, they did not luminesce. Only when many cells came together, in places such as the gut of a fish, did the luminescence “turned on”. This is makes sense, as there is no advantage for a single, isolated bacterium to produce light. ...
Production and Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species in
... short, because of rapid withdrawal of electrons from water to P6801 and the charge recombination of P6801 with the primary electron acceptors of PSII pheophytin, QA, and QB to form 3P680*, especially when the intersystem electron carriers are reduced. Such a situation is likely to occur under the co ...
... short, because of rapid withdrawal of electrons from water to P6801 and the charge recombination of P6801 with the primary electron acceptors of PSII pheophytin, QA, and QB to form 3P680*, especially when the intersystem electron carriers are reduced. Such a situation is likely to occur under the co ...
Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Question Bank
... of ATP and NADPH. This directly light driven process is called light reaction. ...
... of ATP and NADPH. This directly light driven process is called light reaction. ...
jxb.oxfordjournals.org
... 2003; Flexas et al., 2004). Adjustment of leaf diffusion components for CO2 is one way for plants to cope with situations of limited water supply and concurrently to improve their water use efficiency. As well as leaf internal adjustments of diffusion components during drought stress, increased ther ...
... 2003; Flexas et al., 2004). Adjustment of leaf diffusion components for CO2 is one way for plants to cope with situations of limited water supply and concurrently to improve their water use efficiency. As well as leaf internal adjustments of diffusion components during drought stress, increased ther ...
CHAPTER-13 PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS (Question
... 3) This reaction is catalysed by enzyme RUBP corboxylase. 4) Results in formation of 2 molecules of ...
... 3) This reaction is catalysed by enzyme RUBP corboxylase. 4) Results in formation of 2 molecules of ...
CHAPTER-13 PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS (Question carrying one Mark) 1. What is Photosynthesis?
... 3) This reaction is catalysed by enzyme RUBP corboxylase. 4) Results in formation of 2 molecules of ...
... 3) This reaction is catalysed by enzyme RUBP corboxylase. 4) Results in formation of 2 molecules of ...
Compartmentation of photosynthesis in cells and
... precise porosity, allowed for rapid isolation and puri®cation (c. 30 min) of individual mesophyll and bundle sheath cells (the latter from bundle sheath strands) (Edwards et al., 1970; Edwards and Black, 1971). This was ®rst accomplished with the C4 monocot Digitaria sanguinalis, an NADP-ME type spe ...
... precise porosity, allowed for rapid isolation and puri®cation (c. 30 min) of individual mesophyll and bundle sheath cells (the latter from bundle sheath strands) (Edwards et al., 1970; Edwards and Black, 1971). This was ®rst accomplished with the C4 monocot Digitaria sanguinalis, an NADP-ME type spe ...
plant physiology
... arrangement of the tissues and by the size, configuration and other structural features if the cells in which it occurs. Further more, the coordinated development of cells and tissues of the plant is a complex of physiological processes. Thus, the science of plant physiology and plant anatomy merges ...
... arrangement of the tissues and by the size, configuration and other structural features if the cells in which it occurs. Further more, the coordinated development of cells and tissues of the plant is a complex of physiological processes. Thus, the science of plant physiology and plant anatomy merges ...
Unit 3 Bioenergetics: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
... The plasma membrane is composed mainly of phospholipids, which consist of fatty acids and alcohol. The phospholipids in the plasma membrane are arranged in two layers, called a phospholipid bilayer. As shown in the figure below, each phospholipid molecule has a head and two tails. The head “loves” w ...
... The plasma membrane is composed mainly of phospholipids, which consist of fatty acids and alcohol. The phospholipids in the plasma membrane are arranged in two layers, called a phospholipid bilayer. As shown in the figure below, each phospholipid molecule has a head and two tails. The head “loves” w ...
jmorata/TYPES OF AGAR
... Hektoen Enteric Agar (HE) is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate members of the species Salmonella and Shigella from other Enterobacteriaceae. Bile salts and the dyes bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin inihibit the growth of most Gram positive organisms. Lactose, ...
... Hektoen Enteric Agar (HE) is a selective and differential medium designed to isolate and differentiate members of the species Salmonella and Shigella from other Enterobacteriaceae. Bile salts and the dyes bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin inihibit the growth of most Gram positive organisms. Lactose, ...
Flowering Plants as Photosynthesizers
... tissue up the stem to a leaf by way of the leaf veins. Carbon dioxide in the air enters a leaf through small openings called stomata (sing., stoma). After entering a leaf, carbon dioxide and water diffuse into chloroplasts [Gk. chloros, green, and plastos, formed, molded], the organelles that carry ...
... tissue up the stem to a leaf by way of the leaf veins. Carbon dioxide in the air enters a leaf through small openings called stomata (sing., stoma). After entering a leaf, carbon dioxide and water diffuse into chloroplasts [Gk. chloros, green, and plastos, formed, molded], the organelles that carry ...
"Nitrogen Metabolism". In: Microbial Physiology (Fourth Edition)
... nitrogenase, nitrogenase 3, is encoded by alternate nitrogen fixation (anfHDK ) genes, which are expressed in A. vinelandii only in the absence of Mo and V. Dinitrogenase reductase 3 contains two identical subunits and dinitrogenase 3 is present in two active configurations, α2 β2 and α1 β2 . The re ...
... nitrogenase, nitrogenase 3, is encoded by alternate nitrogen fixation (anfHDK ) genes, which are expressed in A. vinelandii only in the absence of Mo and V. Dinitrogenase reductase 3 contains two identical subunits and dinitrogenase 3 is present in two active configurations, α2 β2 and α1 β2 . The re ...
Unit IV Bioenergetics Photo/Resp
... The base form of energy to which another phosphate will be added during the light reaction to make ATP. 2. ATP The energy molecule of every living thing. The sugar adenosine with three phosphates bonded to it. The most energy resides in the LAST bonded phosphate. When the last phosphate bond is brok ...
... The base form of energy to which another phosphate will be added during the light reaction to make ATP. 2. ATP The energy molecule of every living thing. The sugar adenosine with three phosphates bonded to it. The most energy resides in the LAST bonded phosphate. When the last phosphate bond is brok ...
Evolution of the Z-scheme of photosynthesis: a
... experiments were made with manometry that cannot distinguish between light-induced changes in oxygen evolution (photosynthesis) and oxygen uptake (respiration), it was important to prove that the effect was not in respiration. This was achieved by inhibiting respiration by parabenzoquinone, which th ...
... experiments were made with manometry that cannot distinguish between light-induced changes in oxygen evolution (photosynthesis) and oxygen uptake (respiration), it was important to prove that the effect was not in respiration. This was achieved by inhibiting respiration by parabenzoquinone, which th ...
PDF
... cycle for carbon fixation (Kusian and Bowien, 1997; Sorokin et al., 2007). Moreover, a complete Calvin–Benson cycle has been found in the genomes of several heterotrophic bacteria (McKinlay and Harwood, 2010), and the roles of key gene products in these bacteria remain to be investigated. In addition ...
... cycle for carbon fixation (Kusian and Bowien, 1997; Sorokin et al., 2007). Moreover, a complete Calvin–Benson cycle has been found in the genomes of several heterotrophic bacteria (McKinlay and Harwood, 2010), and the roles of key gene products in these bacteria remain to be investigated. In addition ...
4.2 Overview of Photosynthesis
... and cooler nights will carry out this pathway. (corn, sugar cane, crabgrass) b. Stomata is partially closed during the hottest part of the day (water conservation) c. Contain an enzyme that will allow for carbon dioxide fixation even when carbon dioxide levels are low. The compounds will be sent to ...
... and cooler nights will carry out this pathway. (corn, sugar cane, crabgrass) b. Stomata is partially closed during the hottest part of the day (water conservation) c. Contain an enzyme that will allow for carbon dioxide fixation even when carbon dioxide levels are low. The compounds will be sent to ...
PDF
... cycle for carbon fixation (Kusian and Bowien, 1997; Sorokin et al., 2007). Moreover, a complete Calvin–Benson cycle has been found in the genomes of several heterotrophic bacteria (McKinlay and Harwood, 2010), and the roles of key gene products in these bacteria remain to be investigated. In addition ...
... cycle for carbon fixation (Kusian and Bowien, 1997; Sorokin et al., 2007). Moreover, a complete Calvin–Benson cycle has been found in the genomes of several heterotrophic bacteria (McKinlay and Harwood, 2010), and the roles of key gene products in these bacteria remain to be investigated. In addition ...
Cellular Respiration
... • e- are used to pump the H+ across the membrane to create a concentration gradient ...
... • e- are used to pump the H+ across the membrane to create a concentration gradient ...
Discoveries in Plant Biology 1998 Hatch
... relating to sugar cane research. As a result we were aware of the work reported in the Annual Reports on the labelling of compounds from photoassimilated 14C02, and had often discussed the possible implications of this observation. Oddly, it was not until 1965 that this Hawaiian work was published i ...
... relating to sugar cane research. As a result we were aware of the work reported in the Annual Reports on the labelling of compounds from photoassimilated 14C02, and had often discussed the possible implications of this observation. Oddly, it was not until 1965 that this Hawaiian work was published i ...
The Productivity of Corals
... problem is that the concentration of CO2 (the form of Ci fixed by RuBisCo) in sea water is about 12 μM, with most of the ca. 2.4 mM of dissolved Ci in the form of HCO3-, because of the high pH (8.2) of sea water. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the interconversion of HCO3- and CO2, is ...
... problem is that the concentration of CO2 (the form of Ci fixed by RuBisCo) in sea water is about 12 μM, with most of the ca. 2.4 mM of dissolved Ci in the form of HCO3-, because of the high pH (8.2) of sea water. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes the interconversion of HCO3- and CO2, is ...
Alternative isoleucine synthesis pathway in
... the main carbon source. This indicated that Cyanothece 51142 employs the atypical alternative citramalate pathway for isoleucine synthesis, with pyruvate and acetyl-CoA as precursors. Utilization of the citramalate pathway was confirmed by an enzyme assay and LC-MS/MS analysis. Furthermore, the geno ...
... the main carbon source. This indicated that Cyanothece 51142 employs the atypical alternative citramalate pathway for isoleucine synthesis, with pyruvate and acetyl-CoA as precursors. Utilization of the citramalate pathway was confirmed by an enzyme assay and LC-MS/MS analysis. Furthermore, the geno ...
BSCS Chapter 04
... dioxide in the atmosphere may be vital to the future of all life on Earth. • The C4 and CAM pathways are examples of the adaptation of photosynthesis to an oxygen-rich atmosphere. • Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere favors C3 plants in their competition with C4 plants. ...
... dioxide in the atmosphere may be vital to the future of all life on Earth. • The C4 and CAM pathways are examples of the adaptation of photosynthesis to an oxygen-rich atmosphere. • Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere favors C3 plants in their competition with C4 plants. ...
Probing the origins of glutathione biosynthesis through biochemical
... In the present study we examine the biochemical function of the GCL (SynGCL) and GS (SynGS) from the glutathione biosynthesis pathway of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Previous crystallographic studies of the GCL from Indian mustard (B. juncea) provided information about the active site architecture of ...
... In the present study we examine the biochemical function of the GCL (SynGCL) and GS (SynGS) from the glutathione biosynthesis pathway of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Previous crystallographic studies of the GCL from Indian mustard (B. juncea) provided information about the active site architecture of ...
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria /saɪˌænoʊbækˈtɪəriə/, also known as Cyanophyta, is a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis. The name ""cyanobacteria"" comes from the color of the bacteria (Greek: κυανός (kyanós) = blue). They are often called blue-green algae (but some consider that name a misnomer, as cyanobacteria are prokaryotic and algae should be eukaryotic, although other definitions of algae encompass prokaryotic organisms).By producing gaseous oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis, cyanobacteria are thought to have converted the early reducing atmosphere into an oxidizing one, causing the ""rusting of the Earth"" and causing the Great Oxygenation Event, dramatically changing the composition of life forms on Earth by stimulating biodiversity and leading to the near-extinction of anaerobic organisms (that is, oxygen-intolerant). Symbiogenesis argues that the chloroplasts found in plants and eukaryotic algae evolved from cyanobacterial ancestors via endosymbiosis. Cyanobacteria are arguably the most successful group of microorganisms on earth. They are the most genetically diverse; they occupy a broad range of habitats across all latitudes, widespread in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems, and they are found in the most extreme niches such as hot springs, salt works, and hypersaline bays. Photoautotrophic, oxygen-producing cyanobacteria created the conditions in the planet's early atmosphere that directed the evolution of aerobic metabolism and eukaryotic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria fulfill vital ecological functions in the world's oceans, being important contributors to global carbon and nitrogen budgets.– Stewart and Falconer