Particle Acceleration at Astrophysical
... rises first at lower energies suggests that the spacecraft is basically at the acceleration site. lithe change in magnetic field direction merely connected the spacecraft to a remote source the faster particles should arrive first. The radial events create an opportunity to test time dependent theor ...
... rises first at lower energies suggests that the spacecraft is basically at the acceleration site. lithe change in magnetic field direction merely connected the spacecraft to a remote source the faster particles should arrive first. The radial events create an opportunity to test time dependent theor ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... Figure 5.6: The reaction plane distribution for the Cu+Cu 200-GeV data set...............106 Figure 5.7: Tracks in the spectrometer arms................................................................110 Figure 5.8: The tracks shifted relative to the event plane...................................... ...
... Figure 5.6: The reaction plane distribution for the Cu+Cu 200-GeV data set...............106 Figure 5.7: Tracks in the spectrometer arms................................................................110 Figure 5.8: The tracks shifted relative to the event plane...................................... ...
Beams, Bursts, Bubbles, and Bullets: Relativistic Outflows in
... This thesis investigates the physics of relativistic outflows in astrophysical scenarios. We focus on collimated flows, known as jets, that occur in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The production and early propagation of relativistic jets is examined in the case of accelera ...
... This thesis investigates the physics of relativistic outflows in astrophysical scenarios. We focus on collimated flows, known as jets, that occur in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The production and early propagation of relativistic jets is examined in the case of accelera ...
The effect of adding hydroxyl functional groups and increasing molar
... In addition to polyols, we determined the viscosity of three saccharides (glucose, raffinose and maltohexaose). The saccharides were studied mixed with water. Properties and structures of these saccharides are also shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. Although the viscosity of sucrose has been measured ov ...
... In addition to polyols, we determined the viscosity of three saccharides (glucose, raffinose and maltohexaose). The saccharides were studied mixed with water. Properties and structures of these saccharides are also shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. Although the viscosity of sucrose has been measured ov ...
Sap flow and sugar transport in plants
... sugar loading, is currently an active field of research, and we will discuss some recent developments. One point of view to which we return frequently, is that of optimality. We know that plants, as other living organisms, have been carefully selected by evolution and thus function rather efficientl ...
... sugar loading, is currently an active field of research, and we will discuss some recent developments. One point of view to which we return frequently, is that of optimality. We know that plants, as other living organisms, have been carefully selected by evolution and thus function rather efficientl ...
Elmer non-GUI Tutorials
... boundary conditions. The air flows into the step from the inlet region and withdraws from the outlet region. The other edges of the step compose the third boundary. The flowing air is considered as an ideal gas in this case, and its density ρ depends on the pressure p and temperature T through the e ...
... boundary conditions. The air flows into the step from the inlet region and withdraws from the outlet region. The other edges of the step compose the third boundary. The flowing air is considered as an ideal gas in this case, and its density ρ depends on the pressure p and temperature T through the e ...
Optics and Fluid Dynamics Department annual progress report for 1998
... width of the transparent region being 5 µm. The film was placed on the grating and was irradiated with polarised light. With linearly polarised light with the electric field vector perpendicular to the grating vector, atomic force microscopic investigations revealed the presence of topographic featu ...
... width of the transparent region being 5 µm. The film was placed on the grating and was irradiated with polarised light. With linearly polarised light with the electric field vector perpendicular to the grating vector, atomic force microscopic investigations revealed the presence of topographic featu ...
Scale Invariance: From Phase Transitions to Turbulence
... a posteriori verification. One common difficulty is to relate the properties of a system observed at a particular scale to those at a larger or smaller scale. In general, we separate the scales by averaging the values at the smaller scales and treating as constant the values varying on larger scales ...
... a posteriori verification. One common difficulty is to relate the properties of a system observed at a particular scale to those at a larger or smaller scale. In general, we separate the scales by averaging the values at the smaller scales and treating as constant the values varying on larger scales ...
ARTICLES Electrokinetic displacement of air bubbles in
... In the present work, we study experimentally and theoretically, following the classical Bretherton problem of pressure-driven bubble transport,4 the possibility of displacing air bubbles by an electrokinetically driven electrolyte solution in a cylindrical capillary 关see Fig. 1共a兲兴. We have carried ...
... In the present work, we study experimentally and theoretically, following the classical Bretherton problem of pressure-driven bubble transport,4 the possibility of displacing air bubbles by an electrokinetically driven electrolyte solution in a cylindrical capillary 关see Fig. 1共a兲兴. We have carried ...
Role of shielding in modeling cryogenic deuterium pellet ablation
... to operational regimes, that were unavailable by gas puffing [2]. Besides, plasmas with high confinement need to be controlled, as they are favorable for several instabilities such as Edge Localized Modes (ELMs). ELMs can also be triggered by pellets causing frequent particle and energy losses on a ...
... to operational regimes, that were unavailable by gas puffing [2]. Besides, plasmas with high confinement need to be controlled, as they are favorable for several instabilities such as Edge Localized Modes (ELMs). ELMs can also be triggered by pellets causing frequent particle and energy losses on a ...
Natural convection in a mushy layer
... Roberts (1983), based on principles of diffusive mixture theory, and independently by Worster (1986) based upon simple considerations of local heat and mass balances. Both sets are derived with many assumptions about the nature of crystal growth within a mushy layer and can be thought of as providin ...
... Roberts (1983), based on principles of diffusive mixture theory, and independently by Worster (1986) based upon simple considerations of local heat and mass balances. Both sets are derived with many assumptions about the nature of crystal growth within a mushy layer and can be thought of as providin ...
Particle Settling in non-Newtonian Drilling Fluids
... needs to compromise between various fluid properties. For example, solids are added to the fluid to hinder fluid loss to the formation, which on the other hand can lead to increased viscosity and subsequent excessive pump pressures due to higher flow resistance. If the formation can not withstand th ...
... needs to compromise between various fluid properties. For example, solids are added to the fluid to hinder fluid loss to the formation, which on the other hand can lead to increased viscosity and subsequent excessive pump pressures due to higher flow resistance. If the formation can not withstand th ...
Chapter 7 -- Removal of Particles from Gas Streams
... 2. Migration of charged particle in an electric field. The particle-containing gas stream is introduced into a device in which the particles are charged and then subjected to an electric field. The resulting electrostatic force on the particles causes them to migrate to one of the surfaces of the de ...
... 2. Migration of charged particle in an electric field. The particle-containing gas stream is introduced into a device in which the particles are charged and then subjected to an electric field. The resulting electrostatic force on the particles causes them to migrate to one of the surfaces of the de ...
Modelling of the Floating Zone Growth of Silicon Single Crystals with
... growth is proposed as applicable for calculation of floating zones with large crystal diameters, e.g., 8 inch. Parametric studies of the phase boundaries for an 8 inch floating zone are performed first by neglecting the melt flow, then calculations for 8-, 4- and 2 inch floating zones are performed ...
... growth is proposed as applicable for calculation of floating zones with large crystal diameters, e.g., 8 inch. Parametric studies of the phase boundaries for an 8 inch floating zone are performed first by neglecting the melt flow, then calculations for 8-, 4- and 2 inch floating zones are performed ...
DISCRETE PARTICLE MODELING OF ENTRAINMENT FROM FLAT
... collision with the static grains making up the bed surface. The fluid, through which the grain falls, has zero velocity everywhere. When the falling grain collides with a surface grain, the exact point of the impact is calculated. A 3D rebound takes place, and the subsequent trajectory of the grain ...
... collision with the static grains making up the bed surface. The fluid, through which the grain falls, has zero velocity everywhere. When the falling grain collides with a surface grain, the exact point of the impact is calculated. A 3D rebound takes place, and the subsequent trajectory of the grain ...
Turbulence
In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and flow velocity in space and time.Flow in which the kinetic energy dies out due to the action of fluid molecular viscosity is called laminar flow. While there is no theorem relating the non-dimensional Reynolds number (Re) to turbulence, flows at Reynolds numbers larger than 5000 are typically (but not necessarily) turbulent, while those at low Reynolds numbers usually remain laminar. In Poiseuille flow, for example, turbulence can first be sustained if the Reynolds number is larger than a critical value of about 2040; moreover, the turbulence is generally interspersed with laminar flow until a larger Reynolds number of about 4000.In turbulent flow, unsteady vortices appear on many scales and interact with each other. Drag due to boundary layer skin friction increases. The structure and location of boundary layer separation often changes, sometimes resulting in a reduction of overall drag. Although laminar-turbulent transition is not governed by Reynolds number, the same transition occurs if the size of the object is gradually increased, or the viscosity of the fluid is decreased, or if the density of the fluid is increased. Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman described turbulence as ""the most important unsolved problem of classical physics.""