- roar@UEL - University of East London
... evolve by changes in gene frequency brought about by random genetic drift, gene flow, and especially natural selection; that most adaptive genetic variants have individually slight phenotypic effects so that phenotypic changes are gradual (although some alleles with discrete effects may be advantage ...
... evolve by changes in gene frequency brought about by random genetic drift, gene flow, and especially natural selection; that most adaptive genetic variants have individually slight phenotypic effects so that phenotypic changes are gradual (although some alleles with discrete effects may be advantage ...
Brave New World: the epistatic foundations of natives adapting to
... species) may cause genetic reorganization that increases additive genetic variation in spite of reduced effective population size (so-called ‘‘founder-flush’’ models of speciation, e.g., Goodnight 1988; Regan et al. 2003). A focus of our work with soapberry bugs has been to ask for the first time wh ...
... species) may cause genetic reorganization that increases additive genetic variation in spite of reduced effective population size (so-called ‘‘founder-flush’’ models of speciation, e.g., Goodnight 1988; Regan et al. 2003). A focus of our work with soapberry bugs has been to ask for the first time wh ...
Evolution and Human Nature Arthur J. Robson The Journal of
... treatments of beliefs and rationality represent, to a larger extent, suggestions for future research. These three characteristics are viewed as the joint outcome of a principal-agent problem, where Nature is the principal and the individual is the agent. Nature will be shamelessly anthropomorphized ...
... treatments of beliefs and rationality represent, to a larger extent, suggestions for future research. These three characteristics are viewed as the joint outcome of a principal-agent problem, where Nature is the principal and the individual is the agent. Nature will be shamelessly anthropomorphized ...
How Can Evolutionary Psychology Successfully Explain Personality
... Balancing selection occurs when genetic variation is maintained by selection, such that different levels on a trait dimension are favored, or are adaptive, in different environmental conditions to the same degree. Although all heritable variation ultimately originates from mutations, the different f ...
... Balancing selection occurs when genetic variation is maintained by selection, such that different levels on a trait dimension are favored, or are adaptive, in different environmental conditions to the same degree. Although all heritable variation ultimately originates from mutations, the different f ...
Realism, relativism and Evolutionary Psychology
... friend from foe. They had to recognize snakes, spiders and other dangerous animals before it was too late, and potential mates when the opportunity arose. In fact, at the most basic level they must have had the capacity to avoid bumping into things or falling off cliffs. (Pinker, 1997, chap. 1) Life ...
... friend from foe. They had to recognize snakes, spiders and other dangerous animals before it was too late, and potential mates when the opportunity arose. In fact, at the most basic level they must have had the capacity to avoid bumping into things or falling off cliffs. (Pinker, 1997, chap. 1) Life ...
Exploring Evolutionary Constraints Is a Task for an Integrative
... lend themselves to evolution in the observed directions? In the latter case, the details of how the different traits eventually distill as emergent entities to produce the observed variability around parallel series of trophic morphs represent some sort of compromise between how the environments are ...
... lend themselves to evolution in the observed directions? In the latter case, the details of how the different traits eventually distill as emergent entities to produce the observed variability around parallel series of trophic morphs represent some sort of compromise between how the environments are ...
Week/Stahlke #2 - Washington State University
... adapt to a novel environment: selection on novel mutations (Linnen et al., 2009) or selection on pre-existing or ‘standing’ genetic variation (Barrett & Schluter, 2008; Barrett et al., 2008; Schluter & Conte, 2009). The stability of G has been explored theoretically for conditions where the effects ...
... adapt to a novel environment: selection on novel mutations (Linnen et al., 2009) or selection on pre-existing or ‘standing’ genetic variation (Barrett & Schluter, 2008; Barrett et al., 2008; Schluter & Conte, 2009). The stability of G has been explored theoretically for conditions where the effects ...
Neophenogenesis - The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
... pioneering insights, argued that all behavior, and indeed all phenotypic characters, arises in development as the result of an interaction between the animal and its environment. The genes play a role in this interaction, one that is still hard to specify in any detail, but they do not directly dete ...
... pioneering insights, argued that all behavior, and indeed all phenotypic characters, arises in development as the result of an interaction between the animal and its environment. The genes play a role in this interaction, one that is still hard to specify in any detail, but they do not directly dete ...
A wake-up call for studies of natural selection?
... its diagonal elements (Mercer & Mercer, 2000), so there will always be at least one canonical axis for which the quadratic selection is greater than for the original traits – the only exception being the case where c is already diagonal (no correlational selection), and so the original traits are si ...
... its diagonal elements (Mercer & Mercer, 2000), so there will always be at least one canonical axis for which the quadratic selection is greater than for the original traits – the only exception being the case where c is already diagonal (no correlational selection), and so the original traits are si ...
Weighing the evidence for adaptation at the molecular level
... The extent to which molecular evolution is driven by positive selection has long been debated. The neutral theory (see Glossary) holds that the vast majority of DNA sequence differences between species are neutral [1] or nearly neutral [2] with respect to fitness. However, models assuming that natur ...
... The extent to which molecular evolution is driven by positive selection has long been debated. The neutral theory (see Glossary) holds that the vast majority of DNA sequence differences between species are neutral [1] or nearly neutral [2] with respect to fitness. However, models assuming that natur ...
Apomictic Parthenogenesis and the Pattern of the
... SYNOPSIS. Advantages of obligatory apomixis are modeled, and curculionid weevils are used as examples. It is suggested that the alleged twofold number of female offspring in relation to sexual parentals should not be exaggerated. Instead, specific circumstances facilitating the origin of especially ...
... SYNOPSIS. Advantages of obligatory apomixis are modeled, and curculionid weevils are used as examples. It is suggested that the alleged twofold number of female offspring in relation to sexual parentals should not be exaggerated. Instead, specific circumstances facilitating the origin of especially ...
Editorial Review
... mode of genetic and adaptive changes underlying evolution. According to Fisher, evolution proceeded at the genetic level mainly by largely independent allele substitutions at many loci, each having little effect on fitness (Fisher, 1930). Wright, on the other hand, argued, that populations often are ...
... mode of genetic and adaptive changes underlying evolution. According to Fisher, evolution proceeded at the genetic level mainly by largely independent allele substitutions at many loci, each having little effect on fitness (Fisher, 1930). Wright, on the other hand, argued, that populations often are ...
between genotype and phenotype: protein
... of per genome mutation rates across genomes of different sizes86, indicate that mutation rates are optimized by natural selection. However, consideration of both the benefits of mutation in providing variation for adaptive evolution, and the deleterious fitness costs that most mutations incur, creat ...
... of per genome mutation rates across genomes of different sizes86, indicate that mutation rates are optimized by natural selection. However, consideration of both the benefits of mutation in providing variation for adaptive evolution, and the deleterious fitness costs that most mutations incur, creat ...
The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and the role of soft inheritance
... evolve by changes in gene frequency brought about by random genetic drift, gene flow, and especially natural selection; that most adaptive genetic variants have individually slight phenotypic effects so that phenotypic changes are gradual (although some alleles with discrete effects may be advantage ...
... evolve by changes in gene frequency brought about by random genetic drift, gene flow, and especially natural selection; that most adaptive genetic variants have individually slight phenotypic effects so that phenotypic changes are gradual (although some alleles with discrete effects may be advantage ...
dos and don`ts of testing the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution
... and cold spots. We illustrate this point using the example of an antagonistic, cyclical interaction, although similar arguments can be readily developed for all ...
... and cold spots. We illustrate this point using the example of an antagonistic, cyclical interaction, although similar arguments can be readily developed for all ...
Human behavioral ecology and its evil twin
... efficacy: so-called “traditional,” “alternative,” and even some modern medical treatments. In this example, individuals are modeled to copy self-medication treatments in proportion to the rate at which they observe those treatments being used by other individuals suffering similar medical conditions ...
... efficacy: so-called “traditional,” “alternative,” and even some modern medical treatments. In this example, individuals are modeled to copy self-medication treatments in proportion to the rate at which they observe those treatments being used by other individuals suffering similar medical conditions ...
Hsp90 - Csulb.edu
... genetic variation in Hsp90-dependent transduction pathways. If this variation was purely deleterious one might expect that the regulatory proteins would have evolved to become independent of Hsp90, which seems plausible given that proteins vary in their dependence on Hsp90, or that Hsp90 through gen ...
... genetic variation in Hsp90-dependent transduction pathways. If this variation was purely deleterious one might expect that the regulatory proteins would have evolved to become independent of Hsp90, which seems plausible given that proteins vary in their dependence on Hsp90, or that Hsp90 through gen ...
EvoDevo and niche construction: building bridges
... also perceived to have no independent evolutionary significance (Dawkins, 2004). Here, nicheconstruction effects are treated as extended phenotypes, and extended phenotypes play the same role in evolutionary biology as ordinary phenotypes: affecting the replication of alleles responsible for those p ...
... also perceived to have no independent evolutionary significance (Dawkins, 2004). Here, nicheconstruction effects are treated as extended phenotypes, and extended phenotypes play the same role in evolutionary biology as ordinary phenotypes: affecting the replication of alleles responsible for those p ...
Natural selection and population dynamics
... the basic population genetics models to density-regulated populations, ostensibly to explore consequences for genotype frequencies but, in so doing, also revealing possible reciprocal effects of such evolutionary changes on population size [8]. The third approach is that of evolutionary biologists w ...
... the basic population genetics models to density-regulated populations, ostensibly to explore consequences for genotype frequencies but, in so doing, also revealing possible reciprocal effects of such evolutionary changes on population size [8]. The third approach is that of evolutionary biologists w ...
Convergence, Adaptation, and Constraint The Harvard community
... distantly related taxa will independently acquire the same change by chance is relatively high. Developmental processes have long been seen as a source of constraint (Maynard Smith et al., 1985). If, for whatever reason, some changes in the developmental process are easier to accomplish than others, ...
... distantly related taxa will independently acquire the same change by chance is relatively high. Developmental processes have long been seen as a source of constraint (Maynard Smith et al., 1985). If, for whatever reason, some changes in the developmental process are easier to accomplish than others, ...
Coyne et al 2000 Evolution 54
... We have only two comments about the difference between Wright’s and Fisher’s views of evolution. First, whatever Fisher’s views of the evolutionary significance of epistasis, he clearly did not ignore it. For example, Fisher (1918, pp. 408–409) explicitly discussed epistasis and made an important di ...
... We have only two comments about the difference between Wright’s and Fisher’s views of evolution. First, whatever Fisher’s views of the evolutionary significance of epistasis, he clearly did not ignore it. For example, Fisher (1918, pp. 408–409) explicitly discussed epistasis and made an important di ...
Evolutionary Game Theory First published Mon Jan 14, 2002
... strategy equals the probability assigned to the first strategy by S, and the remainder follow the second strategy.) However, this can fail to be true if more than two pure strategies exist. The connection between ESSs and stable states under an evolutionary dynamical model is weakened further if we ...
... strategy equals the probability assigned to the first strategy by S, and the remainder follow the second strategy.) However, this can fail to be true if more than two pure strategies exist. The connection between ESSs and stable states under an evolutionary dynamical model is weakened further if we ...
Darwinian medicine - The Rose, Mueller, and Greer Laboratories
... genetics, quantitative genetics, and molecular practice of medicine,2 but it is not clear how evolution. In many cases, to proceed without successful this will be, in general. Many of the employing the tools of these fields is to invite Darwinian proposals that have been made failure or triviality. ...
... genetics, quantitative genetics, and molecular practice of medicine,2 but it is not clear how evolution. In many cases, to proceed without successful this will be, in general. Many of the employing the tools of these fields is to invite Darwinian proposals that have been made failure or triviality. ...
Reflecting on Darwin
... J. Lubbock, 22 November 1859: 388). Darwin’s theory of natural selection appears in fact to have absorbed ideas from Paley’s natural theology – among them his early beliefs in pan-adaptationism and in an unchangeable and universal law of natural selection (von Sydow 2005): The so-called ‘Panglossian ...
... J. Lubbock, 22 November 1859: 388). Darwin’s theory of natural selection appears in fact to have absorbed ideas from Paley’s natural theology – among them his early beliefs in pan-adaptationism and in an unchangeable and universal law of natural selection (von Sydow 2005): The so-called ‘Panglossian ...
Collective Preferences in Evolutionary Multi - ADDLabs
... may be preferred by the hypervolume, it can be used independently to evaluate the performance of different multiobjective algorithms. The coverage of two sets technique has no restriction related to the shape of Pareto front, but it does not express how much better one set is over the other. The fie ...
... may be preferred by the hypervolume, it can be used independently to evaluate the performance of different multiobjective algorithms. The coverage of two sets technique has no restriction related to the shape of Pareto front, but it does not express how much better one set is over the other. The fie ...