The Evolution of Difficult Childbirth and Helpless Hominin Infants
... depends on pelvic dimensions, which for australopiths (listed above) are known only for two incomplete specimens. However, it does raise the possibility that the tight fit and, hence, difficult childbirth arose prior to the modern bipedal skeleton and marked encephalization. Encephalization likely inc ...
... depends on pelvic dimensions, which for australopiths (listed above) are known only for two incomplete specimens. However, it does raise the possibility that the tight fit and, hence, difficult childbirth arose prior to the modern bipedal skeleton and marked encephalization. Encephalization likely inc ...
Chimpocentrism and reconstructions of human evolution (a timely
... For the sake of the argument, let us assume that T is the ancestral state indeed. In our chimpocentric model, there are only two evolutionary trajectories, only one of which exhibits the transition of interest (from T to T⁄). Consequently, in principle any pressure S that our lineage faced, but chim ...
... For the sake of the argument, let us assume that T is the ancestral state indeed. In our chimpocentric model, there are only two evolutionary trajectories, only one of which exhibits the transition of interest (from T to T⁄). Consequently, in principle any pressure S that our lineage faced, but chim ...
Articles - American Scientist
... behavioral variability in terms of various adaptive strategies offers an attractive way to explain these differences. But first, we need to discard an incorrect and outdated idea about human evolution, the belief that prehistoric Homo sapiens can be divided into “archaic” and “modern” humans. An Ide ...
... behavioral variability in terms of various adaptive strategies offers an attractive way to explain these differences. But first, we need to discard an incorrect and outdated idea about human evolution, the belief that prehistoric Homo sapiens can be divided into “archaic” and “modern” humans. An Ide ...
The Human Origins Progam Resource Guide to Paleoanthropology
... are classified as Homo sapiens. Evolution occurs when there is change in the genes (the chemical molecule, DNA) inherited from the parents and especially in the proportions of different genes in a population. The information contained in genes can change by a process known as mutation. The way parti ...
... are classified as Homo sapiens. Evolution occurs when there is change in the genes (the chemical molecule, DNA) inherited from the parents and especially in the proportions of different genes in a population. The information contained in genes can change by a process known as mutation. The way parti ...
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... Australopithecus and Homo habilis) may have been nestbuilders too. A speculative proposal is that Homo sapiens inherited this aptitude for building (culturally, genetically and/or ecologically) from its hominin forebears. Post-moulds and oval or circular stone rings may be direct evidence of shelter ...
... Australopithecus and Homo habilis) may have been nestbuilders too. A speculative proposal is that Homo sapiens inherited this aptitude for building (culturally, genetically and/or ecologically) from its hominin forebears. Post-moulds and oval or circular stone rings may be direct evidence of shelter ...
Evolutionary interactions between human biology and architecture
... Australopithecus and Homo habilis) may have been nestbuilders too. A speculative proposal is that Homo sapiens inherited this aptitude for building (culturally, genetically and/or ecologically) from its hominin forebears. Post-moulds and oval or circular stone rings may be direct evidence of shelter ...
... Australopithecus and Homo habilis) may have been nestbuilders too. A speculative proposal is that Homo sapiens inherited this aptitude for building (culturally, genetically and/or ecologically) from its hominin forebears. Post-moulds and oval or circular stone rings may be direct evidence of shelter ...
Evolutionary Perspectives on the Origins of Human Social Institutions
... evolution and ecology sets out to explain how patterns of behaviour, including social behaviour, relate to resources and resource distribution, and has been used extensively in zoology to account for variation in behaviour, within and between species (Krebs & Davies 1997; Lee 1999; Standen & Foley 1 ...
... evolution and ecology sets out to explain how patterns of behaviour, including social behaviour, relate to resources and resource distribution, and has been used extensively in zoology to account for variation in behaviour, within and between species (Krebs & Davies 1997; Lee 1999; Standen & Foley 1 ...
Chapter 21: The Mechanisms of Evolution
... • The origin of genetic variation is mutation. • Most are harmful or neutral to bearers, but some are advantageous, particularly if the environment changes. ...
... • The origin of genetic variation is mutation. • Most are harmful or neutral to bearers, but some are advantageous, particularly if the environment changes. ...
a revision of his definition and a new estimation of his emergence date
... Homo peoples. Consequently, the bipedal gait restricted to walking, classically considered as a humanization criterion, would not be supported any more. In fact, this criterion could be an ancient adaptation, which probably existed even before the divergence between apes and humans at about 5 millio ...
... Homo peoples. Consequently, the bipedal gait restricted to walking, classically considered as a humanization criterion, would not be supported any more. In fact, this criterion could be an ancient adaptation, which probably existed even before the divergence between apes and humans at about 5 millio ...
On the Origins of the Mind
... model of the human brain. By setting its initial conditions, a computer’s program allows the machine to do work in the real world. But the normal physical processes by which a computer works are often obscured by their unfamiliarity— who among us really understands what a computer is and how it work ...
... model of the human brain. By setting its initial conditions, a computer’s program allows the machine to do work in the real world. But the normal physical processes by which a computer works are often obscured by their unfamiliarity— who among us really understands what a computer is and how it work ...
Evolution, Culture and the Human Mind Ch. 9
... challenge of sustaining large-scale cooperation and exchange among nonrelatives. We further consider the possibility that these cultural evolutionary processes, if they have occurred over a sufficiently long time span, may have influenced the course of human genetic evolution in a process known as c ...
... challenge of sustaining large-scale cooperation and exchange among nonrelatives. We further consider the possibility that these cultural evolutionary processes, if they have occurred over a sufficiently long time span, may have influenced the course of human genetic evolution in a process known as c ...
Cultural Niche Construction
... their own, and other species’ evolution. Examples of niche construction include animals manufacturing nests, burrows, webs, and pupal cases; plants changing levels of atmospheric gases and modifying nutrient cycles; fungi decomposing organic matter; and bacteria fixing nutrients. Organisms also cons ...
... their own, and other species’ evolution. Examples of niche construction include animals manufacturing nests, burrows, webs, and pupal cases; plants changing levels of atmospheric gases and modifying nutrient cycles; fungi decomposing organic matter; and bacteria fixing nutrients. Organisms also cons ...
Brave New World: the epistatic foundations of natives adapting to
... which contemporary adaptive evolution has been observed. Reznick and Ghalambor (2001) concluded that it is a ‘‘combination of directional selection with at least a short-term opportunity for population growth’’ that fosters rapid evolution. Whereas strong selection may often lead to population decli ...
... which contemporary adaptive evolution has been observed. Reznick and Ghalambor (2001) concluded that it is a ‘‘combination of directional selection with at least a short-term opportunity for population growth’’ that fosters rapid evolution. Whereas strong selection may often lead to population decli ...
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... understand natural microbial populations. One of the obvious hurdles to applying the results of laboratory experiments to natural populations is that, even for common and well-characterised microbial model systems, we know shockingly little about the life cycles of microbes in nature. This is also t ...
... understand natural microbial populations. One of the obvious hurdles to applying the results of laboratory experiments to natural populations is that, even for common and well-characterised microbial model systems, we know shockingly little about the life cycles of microbes in nature. This is also t ...
Macro-Evolution
... shuffling in an important evolutionary mechanism in DNA-based organisms and the evidence from genome sequences suggest that exons could have been a feature of early RNA life forms” (Gilbert quoted in Senior, 2000). Gilbert predicts that the next few years may see a major shift in our view of early e ...
... shuffling in an important evolutionary mechanism in DNA-based organisms and the evidence from genome sequences suggest that exons could have been a feature of early RNA life forms” (Gilbert quoted in Senior, 2000). Gilbert predicts that the next few years may see a major shift in our view of early e ...
Human evolution (wikipedia)
... that no significant gene flow occurred between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens, and, therefore, the two were separate species that shared a common ancestor about 660,000 years ago. However, the 2010 sequencing of the Neanderthal genome indicated that Neanderthals did indeed interbreed with anatom ...
... that no significant gene flow occurred between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens, and, therefore, the two were separate species that shared a common ancestor about 660,000 years ago. However, the 2010 sequencing of the Neanderthal genome indicated that Neanderthals did indeed interbreed with anatom ...
Year 12 ATAR Human Biology Course Outline 2017
... same taxonomic family as the great apes. The species within the family are differentiated by DNA nucleotide sequences, which brings about differences in: relative size of cerebral cortex mobility of the digits prognathism and dentition (3) locomotion – adaptations to bipedalism and quadruped ...
... same taxonomic family as the great apes. The species within the family are differentiated by DNA nucleotide sequences, which brings about differences in: relative size of cerebral cortex mobility of the digits prognathism and dentition (3) locomotion – adaptations to bipedalism and quadruped ...
Evolutionary Psychology
... Hunter-gatherer (foraging) society: Subsistence gained from hunting animals,fishing, and gathering edible plants in the wild, without domestication of animals or of plants (agriculture). Relatively small, simple band level of social organization. Hunting and gathering is thought to have been the onl ...
... Hunter-gatherer (foraging) society: Subsistence gained from hunting animals,fishing, and gathering edible plants in the wild, without domestication of animals or of plants (agriculture). Relatively small, simple band level of social organization. Hunting and gathering is thought to have been the onl ...
Can we understand modern humans without considering pathogens?
... opposite sex (Buss 1989, 1992). However, the costs associated with direct or indirect competition between males at the beginning of their reproductive life are reflected in an accelerated senescence as compared to females (CluttonBrock and Isvaran 2007). Furthermore, as is the case for many other sp ...
... opposite sex (Buss 1989, 1992). However, the costs associated with direct or indirect competition between males at the beginning of their reproductive life are reflected in an accelerated senescence as compared to females (CluttonBrock and Isvaran 2007). Furthermore, as is the case for many other sp ...
Can we understand modern humans without considering pathogens?
... opposite sex (Buss 1989, 1992). However, the costs associated with direct or indirect competition between males at the beginning of their reproductive life are reflected in an accelerated senescence as compared to females (CluttonBrock and Isvaran 2007). Furthermore, as is the case for many other sp ...
... opposite sex (Buss 1989, 1992). However, the costs associated with direct or indirect competition between males at the beginning of their reproductive life are reflected in an accelerated senescence as compared to females (CluttonBrock and Isvaran 2007). Furthermore, as is the case for many other sp ...
Does evolution explain human nature?
... of the birth of Charles Darwin, the founding genius of modern biology. We have focused on the long-standing debate over how well the theory of evolution can explain human nature — a subject of heated contention in Darwin’s day as in our own. An important new aspect of the discussion, as many of our ...
... of the birth of Charles Darwin, the founding genius of modern biology. We have focused on the long-standing debate over how well the theory of evolution can explain human nature — a subject of heated contention in Darwin’s day as in our own. An important new aspect of the discussion, as many of our ...
New York Times
... improved if we could live the way early humans did. Exactly what we mean by “the way early humans did” is a point of contention, and one I will return to in detail in Chapter 2, but the preconception—an erroneous one, as I will demonstrate—is the same: our bodies and minds evolved under a particular ...
... improved if we could live the way early humans did. Exactly what we mean by “the way early humans did” is a point of contention, and one I will return to in detail in Chapter 2, but the preconception—an erroneous one, as I will demonstrate—is the same: our bodies and minds evolved under a particular ...
Primates - Cloudfront.net
... simple, straight-line transformation of one species into another • Rather, like the evolution of other mammalian groups, a series of complex adaptive radiations produced a large number of species whose relationships are difficult to determine • Which hominids are true human ancestors? • Which are ju ...
... simple, straight-line transformation of one species into another • Rather, like the evolution of other mammalian groups, a series of complex adaptive radiations produced a large number of species whose relationships are difficult to determine • Which hominids are true human ancestors? • Which are ju ...
Evolutionary Psychology: Applications and Criticisms
... and laboratory studies have shown that this behavior is easy to elicit: the simple act of categorizing individuals into two social groups predisposes humans to discriminate in favor of their ingroup and against the outgroup in both allocation of resources and evaluation of conduct. This occurs even ...
... and laboratory studies have shown that this behavior is easy to elicit: the simple act of categorizing individuals into two social groups predisposes humans to discriminate in favor of their ingroup and against the outgroup in both allocation of resources and evaluation of conduct. This occurs even ...
15 Questions for Evolutionists - Creation Ministries International
... Richard Dawkins wrote, “biology is the study of complicated things that have the appearance of having been designed with a purpose.” Francis Crick, the codiscoverer of the double helix structure of DNA, wrote, “Biologists must constantly keep in mind that what they see was not designed, but rather e ...
... Richard Dawkins wrote, “biology is the study of complicated things that have the appearance of having been designed with a purpose.” Francis Crick, the codiscoverer of the double helix structure of DNA, wrote, “Biologists must constantly keep in mind that what they see was not designed, but rather e ...
Before the Dawn (book)
Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors is a non-fiction book by Nicholas Wade, a science reporter for The New York Times. It was published in 2006 by the Penguin Group. By drawing upon research on the human genome, the book attempts to piece together what Wade calls ""two vanished periods"": the five million years of human evolution from the development of bipedalism leading up to behavioural modernity around 50,000 years ago, and the 45,000 subsequent years of prehistory.Wade asserts that there is a clear continuity from the earlier apes of five million years ago to the anatomically modern humans who diverged from them, citing the genetic and social similarities between humans and chimpanzees. He attributes the divergence of the two species from a common ancestor to a change in their ecological niche; the ancestors of chimpanzees remained in the forests of equatorial Africa, whereas the ancestors of humans moved to open woodland and were exposed to different evolutionary pressures. Although Wade posits that much of human evolution can be attributed to the physical environment, he also believes that one of the major forces shaping evolution has been the nature of human society itself.After humans migrated out of their ancestral environment of eastern Africa, they were exposed to new climates and challenges. Thus, Wade argues, human evolution did not end with behavioural modernity, but continued to be shaped by the different environments and lifestyles of each continent. While many adaptations happened in parallel across human populations, Wade believes that genetic isolation – either because of geography or hostile tribalism – also facilitated a degree of independent evolution, leading to genetic and cultural differentiation from the ancestral population and giving rise to different human races and languages.The book received generally positive reviews, but some criticised the use of the term ""race"" and the implications of differences between them. In 2007, it won the Science in Society Journalism Award from the National Association of Science Writers.