![Variations in Cloud Cover and Cloud Types over the Ocean from](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/014362035_1-1fd1fc03aeb17fd39831fcd6698859e5-300x300.png)
Variations in Cloud Cover and Cloud Types over the Ocean from
... in the northeast Pacific, concluding that total cloud cover is reduced when SST warmed. These studies have produced a consistent finding that reduced LTS can be caused by increasing SST, which causes a decrease in cloud fraction by initiating a trade-off from stratiform to cumuliform cloud cover. Cl ...
... in the northeast Pacific, concluding that total cloud cover is reduced when SST warmed. These studies have produced a consistent finding that reduced LTS can be caused by increasing SST, which causes a decrease in cloud fraction by initiating a trade-off from stratiform to cumuliform cloud cover. Cl ...
TowARD ReSiLienCe
... unpredictable extreme weather events. People have always adapted to climate variabilityG through a variety of means including, for example, planting late-transplant rice or switching to other, fastergrowing crops. However climate change is pushing at-risk populations beyond their capacityG to cope a ...
... unpredictable extreme weather events. People have always adapted to climate variabilityG through a variety of means including, for example, planting late-transplant rice or switching to other, fastergrowing crops. However climate change is pushing at-risk populations beyond their capacityG to cope a ...
Simulating northern peatland-atmosphere carbon
... Throughout the five years of my PhD studies at McGill University, many people have helped me and I would like to give my sincere thanks to them. I would also apologize in advance to those that I have missed. Above all, I would like to give my most sincere thanks to my Ph.D supervisor, Prof. Nigel T. ...
... Throughout the five years of my PhD studies at McGill University, many people have helped me and I would like to give my sincere thanks to them. I would also apologize in advance to those that I have missed. Above all, I would like to give my most sincere thanks to my Ph.D supervisor, Prof. Nigel T. ...
Modelling glacier change in the Everest region, Nepal Himalaya
... Everest region, the reported climatic trends, the expected glacier sensitivity to climatic change, and the importance of glacier water resources in the region, few studies have attempted to model the historical or future response of these glaciers to climate change (Immerzeel et al., 2012, 2013). Em ...
... Everest region, the reported climatic trends, the expected glacier sensitivity to climatic change, and the importance of glacier water resources in the region, few studies have attempted to model the historical or future response of these glaciers to climate change (Immerzeel et al., 2012, 2013). Em ...
Protecting Health from Climate Change
... WHO Regional Office for the Americas. There is now strong evidence that the earth’s climate is changing rapidly, due mainly to human activities. Increasing temperatures, sea-level rises, changes in precipitation patterns and extreme events are expected to increase a range of health risks, from the d ...
... WHO Regional Office for the Americas. There is now strong evidence that the earth’s climate is changing rapidly, due mainly to human activities. Increasing temperatures, sea-level rises, changes in precipitation patterns and extreme events are expected to increase a range of health risks, from the d ...
here - DeSmogBlog
... their eyes will glaze quickly. It is very hard to make those simple. Skim Front Matter for background, mostly to see the Topics for later reference. Readers unused to non-profits and may spend some time learning about 501(c) organizations, §0.4 and see the IRS-?? codes used to tag alleged violatio ...
... their eyes will glaze quickly. It is very hard to make those simple. Skim Front Matter for background, mostly to see the Topics for later reference. Readers unused to non-profits and may spend some time learning about 501(c) organizations, §0.4 and see the IRS-?? codes used to tag alleged violatio ...
Saving Kyoto - Graciela Chichilnisky
... under Clinton’s administration, failed to reach an agreement on how to enforce the Kyoto Protocol, the very month of George W. Bush’s election. Although not so enthusiastic about the cap-andtrade approach explained in this book, I did my best to secure its success, at the minimum for a lack of anyth ...
... under Clinton’s administration, failed to reach an agreement on how to enforce the Kyoto Protocol, the very month of George W. Bush’s election. Although not so enthusiastic about the cap-andtrade approach explained in this book, I did my best to secure its success, at the minimum for a lack of anyth ...
$doc.title
... main income source and driving force of local development in such regions. For this reason, research on the effects of climate change on the snowpack depth and duration is particularly necessary in order to assess the potential socioeconomic impacts in mountain regions. On the other hand, in recent ...
... main income source and driving force of local development in such regions. For this reason, research on the effects of climate change on the snowpack depth and duration is particularly necessary in order to assess the potential socioeconomic impacts in mountain regions. On the other hand, in recent ...
How might Australian rainforest cloud interception
... alone is not sufficient to provide an estimate of change in cloud interception as this is not well correlated with altitude alone. In the absence of any better information we have therefore estimated a range of potential effects of climate change on rainforest cloud interception (Pc) by assuming that ...
... alone is not sufficient to provide an estimate of change in cloud interception as this is not well correlated with altitude alone. In the absence of any better information we have therefore estimated a range of potential effects of climate change on rainforest cloud interception (Pc) by assuming that ...
Potential for Abrupt Changes in Atmospheric Methane
... only. The gross production of methane is very likely to be significantly larger, but substantial quantities of methane are consumed in soils, oxic freshwater, and the ocean before reaching the atmosphere (Reeburgh, 2004). (The soil sink in Table 5.1 refers only to removal of atmospheric methane by o ...
... only. The gross production of methane is very likely to be significantly larger, but substantial quantities of methane are consumed in soils, oxic freshwater, and the ocean before reaching the atmosphere (Reeburgh, 2004). (The soil sink in Table 5.1 refers only to removal of atmospheric methane by o ...
Microsoft Word - geoadv070108_2.doc
... Figure 3. Calcium carbonate in the sediment impacts the capacity of the ocean to sequester CO2, and may act as an important regulator of atmospheric CO2 on glacial – interglacial time scales. The driving force for calcite dissolution and thus the percentage of calcite in the sediment, as a function ...
... Figure 3. Calcium carbonate in the sediment impacts the capacity of the ocean to sequester CO2, and may act as an important regulator of atmospheric CO2 on glacial – interglacial time scales. The driving force for calcite dissolution and thus the percentage of calcite in the sediment, as a function ...
Institutions for Climate Adaptation: An are Relevant for Climate Change
... 2.2.2 EU Green & White Paper on adaptation What kind of document is it: subject, author, audience? On 29 June 2007 European member states adopted the Green Paper on Adaptation (Adapting to climate change in Europe - options for EU action). The Green Paper identifies the most important climate risks ...
... 2.2.2 EU Green & White Paper on adaptation What kind of document is it: subject, author, audience? On 29 June 2007 European member states adopted the Green Paper on Adaptation (Adapting to climate change in Europe - options for EU action). The Green Paper identifies the most important climate risks ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... 1. Climate change is here defined as a change in climate attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods (Government of Uganda, 2007). 2. Climate cha ...
... 1. Climate change is here defined as a change in climate attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods (Government of Uganda, 2007). 2. Climate cha ...
Climate Change: Costs and Benefits of S. 2191
... international credits. In this sense, the Board’s powers could mesh with the previous insight about the potential effect of offsets on the bill’s overall costs. Fifth, the Low Carbon Fuel Standard could significantly raise fuel prices and limit supply. The effects will depend on what fuels are inclu ...
... international credits. In this sense, the Board’s powers could mesh with the previous insight about the potential effect of offsets on the bill’s overall costs. Fifth, the Low Carbon Fuel Standard could significantly raise fuel prices and limit supply. The effects will depend on what fuels are inclu ...
http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i0994e/i0994e.pdf
... operations and the transport, processing and storage of fish. There are significant differences in the emissions associated with the sub-sectors and with the species targeted or cultured. The primary mitigation route for the sector lies in its energy consumption, through fuel and raw material use, t ...
... operations and the transport, processing and storage of fish. There are significant differences in the emissions associated with the sub-sectors and with the species targeted or cultured. The primary mitigation route for the sector lies in its energy consumption, through fuel and raw material use, t ...
Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture
... operations and the transport, processing and storage of fish. There are significant differences in the emissions associated with the sub-sectors and with the species targeted or cultured. The primary mitigation route for the sector lies in its energy consumption, through fuel and raw material use, t ...
... operations and the transport, processing and storage of fish. There are significant differences in the emissions associated with the sub-sectors and with the species targeted or cultured. The primary mitigation route for the sector lies in its energy consumption, through fuel and raw material use, t ...
Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba, a Model Organism - ePIC
... regions on the planet, and future models of climate change predict a continued amplification of warming at the poles. Studies of how ecosystems cope with present day changes provide a glimpse of potential future changes that may be even more rapid and widespread. In this perspective polar regions ca ...
... regions on the planet, and future models of climate change predict a continued amplification of warming at the poles. Studies of how ecosystems cope with present day changes provide a glimpse of potential future changes that may be even more rapid and widespread. In this perspective polar regions ca ...
Drivers and uncertainties of future global marine primary production
... Previous efforts in comparing different models with regard to future trends in NPP have analyzed the multi-model mean response and focused on identifying regions of consistent changes and mechanisms among models (Steinacher et al., 2010; Bopp et al., 2013; Cabré et al., 2014). By largely disregardin ...
... Previous efforts in comparing different models with regard to future trends in NPP have analyzed the multi-model mean response and focused on identifying regions of consistent changes and mechanisms among models (Steinacher et al., 2010; Bopp et al., 2013; Cabré et al., 2014). By largely disregardin ...
Planning instruments
... managers adapting to climate change and sea-level rise. This online tool, known as CoastAdapt, provides information on all aspects of coastal adaptation as well as a decision support framework. It can be accessed at www.coastadapt.com.au. Coastal adaptation encompasses many disciplines ranging from ...
... managers adapting to climate change and sea-level rise. This online tool, known as CoastAdapt, provides information on all aspects of coastal adaptation as well as a decision support framework. It can be accessed at www.coastadapt.com.au. Coastal adaptation encompasses many disciplines ranging from ...
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DESERTIFICATION
... frequently leading to drought. Over the years, dry-land ecology has become familiar to this variability in moisture; plants and animals can respond to it rapidly. For example, satellite imagery has shown that the vegetation boundary south of the Sahara can move by up to 200 km when a wet year is fol ...
... frequently leading to drought. Over the years, dry-land ecology has become familiar to this variability in moisture; plants and animals can respond to it rapidly. For example, satellite imagery has shown that the vegetation boundary south of the Sahara can move by up to 200 km when a wet year is fol ...
A few extreme events dominate global interannual variability in
... driver as a cause if its p-value is smaller than 0.1 (see table A.5 for a summary of significant drivers). Other thresholds are possible but do not affect the conclusions of this study. If a driver’s p-value is below 0.1 one or several months before the GPP extreme event, we assume that the GPP extr ...
... driver as a cause if its p-value is smaller than 0.1 (see table A.5 for a summary of significant drivers). Other thresholds are possible but do not affect the conclusions of this study. If a driver’s p-value is below 0.1 one or several months before the GPP extreme event, we assume that the GPP extr ...
FARM-LEVEL VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE EASTERN BAY OF PLENTY,
... production, yields and farm income and returns. It demonstrates that producers have in turn, developed a range of short- and long-term adaptive strategies in order to better manage climatic conditions. It shows that these responses are varied, and are not made in response to climatic conditions alon ...
... production, yields and farm income and returns. It demonstrates that producers have in turn, developed a range of short- and long-term adaptive strategies in order to better manage climatic conditions. It shows that these responses are varied, and are not made in response to climatic conditions alon ...
Climate Change and Pacific Island Countries
... independence) has reconfigured human interactions with natural environments on many islands, rendering many of these less sustainable than in the past. In addition, within recent decades, Pacific Island countries have become part of the global community, now focused on development and economic growt ...
... independence) has reconfigured human interactions with natural environments on many islands, rendering many of these less sustainable than in the past. In addition, within recent decades, Pacific Island countries have become part of the global community, now focused on development and economic growt ...
Exxon/ ExxonMobil
... Shareholders request our company to-‐-‐ 1. Sign and actively implement the Valdez [CERES] principles, 2. Engage with shareholders, CERES, and affected communities in a continuing process to achieve a Vote a ...
... Shareholders request our company to-‐-‐ 1. Sign and actively implement the Valdez [CERES] principles, 2. Engage with shareholders, CERES, and affected communities in a continuing process to achieve a Vote a ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).