Conditional expression of Mycobacterium smegmatis
... cellular protein during both the active and stationary growth periods. Expression of antisense dnaA RNA reduced viability, indicating that dnaA is an essential gene in replication. To further understand the role(s) of dnaA in replication, a conditionally expressing strain was constructed in which ex ...
... cellular protein during both the active and stationary growth periods. Expression of antisense dnaA RNA reduced viability, indicating that dnaA is an essential gene in replication. To further understand the role(s) of dnaA in replication, a conditionally expressing strain was constructed in which ex ...
Analysis of exocyst subunit EXO70 family reveals
... EXO70 proteins by bioinformatic analysis that confirmed presence of all major EXO70 clades in Solanaceae, including tobacco (Fig. 1). It should be noted that Nicotiana tabacum is amphidiploid with two near-identical copies of most genes in its genome (one from each parental species). For sake of cla ...
... EXO70 proteins by bioinformatic analysis that confirmed presence of all major EXO70 clades in Solanaceae, including tobacco (Fig. 1). It should be noted that Nicotiana tabacum is amphidiploid with two near-identical copies of most genes in its genome (one from each parental species). For sake of cla ...
The Populus homeobox gene ARBORKNOX2 regulates
... responsive to environmental conditions and tightly regulated. The conspicuous developmental gradient radiating from the dividing cells of the cambial zone into terminally-differentiated lignified cell types of secondary ...
... responsive to environmental conditions and tightly regulated. The conspicuous developmental gradient radiating from the dividing cells of the cambial zone into terminally-differentiated lignified cell types of secondary ...
Assembling Neural Crest Regulatory Circuits into a Gene
... organisms ranging from lampreys and fish to frog, chick, and mouse. Neural crest cells form over a lengthy period of time during development that starts at gastrulation and extends into late organogenesis. This process is initiated by a combination of inductive signals emanating from environing tissu ...
... organisms ranging from lampreys and fish to frog, chick, and mouse. Neural crest cells form over a lengthy period of time during development that starts at gastrulation and extends into late organogenesis. This process is initiated by a combination of inductive signals emanating from environing tissu ...
1-Michelle_Stone_thesis
... Neurons are among the many polarized cells that comprise the vertebrate and invertebrate body. They in fact are highly polarized, typically consisting of a single axon that sends signals to other neuro ...
... Neurons are among the many polarized cells that comprise the vertebrate and invertebrate body. They in fact are highly polarized, typically consisting of a single axon that sends signals to other neuro ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... Phage may carry on their surface enzymes that degrade bacterial polysaccharides. These enzymes are very speci¢c and seldom act on more than a few closely related polysaccharide structures [17,18]. Numerous phage have been isolated which induce enzymes capable of degrading the EPS of various Gram-neg ...
... Phage may carry on their surface enzymes that degrade bacterial polysaccharides. These enzymes are very speci¢c and seldom act on more than a few closely related polysaccharide structures [17,18]. Numerous phage have been isolated which induce enzymes capable of degrading the EPS of various Gram-neg ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology
... with the -cat–binding site but not the JM domain failed to promote either strong adhesion or lateral clustering. These data contrast with those of Ozawa and Kemler (1998), suggesting that the JM domain promotes adhesion, perhaps by regulating cadherin clustering. In addition to these seemingly oppo ...
... with the -cat–binding site but not the JM domain failed to promote either strong adhesion or lateral clustering. These data contrast with those of Ozawa and Kemler (1998), suggesting that the JM domain promotes adhesion, perhaps by regulating cadherin clustering. In addition to these seemingly oppo ...
Glutamate 83 and arginine 85 of helix H3 bend are key residues for
... sequential addition of at least twelve other membrane proteins responsible for peptidoglycan assembly and membrane constriction [3]. Inactivation of the corresponding genes blocks the cell division and give rise to long multinucleated cells that fail to propagate and eventually die [4]. The Z-ring a ...
... sequential addition of at least twelve other membrane proteins responsible for peptidoglycan assembly and membrane constriction [3]. Inactivation of the corresponding genes blocks the cell division and give rise to long multinucleated cells that fail to propagate and eventually die [4]. The Z-ring a ...
The p57 CDKi integrates stress signals into cellcycle progression to
... In contrast, the p57T143A mutant was not phosphorylated by p38 (Figure 3A). Importantly, incubation of the cells with the p38 SAPK inhibitor SB203580 precluded p57 phosphorylation indicating that in vivo p57 phosphorylation required p38 activation (Figure 3B). To rule out that p57 phosphorylation wa ...
... In contrast, the p57T143A mutant was not phosphorylated by p38 (Figure 3A). Importantly, incubation of the cells with the p38 SAPK inhibitor SB203580 precluded p57 phosphorylation indicating that in vivo p57 phosphorylation required p38 activation (Figure 3B). To rule out that p57 phosphorylation wa ...
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling by
... mammals (Wong et al., 2002; Rubin et al., 2003; Haglund et al., 2005). Therefore, there was uncertainty about the existence of EGFR IFIs in mammals. A number of reports in the past few years, however, have described IFIs acting on the mammalian EGFR and demonstrated essential roles for these protein ...
... mammals (Wong et al., 2002; Rubin et al., 2003; Haglund et al., 2005). Therefore, there was uncertainty about the existence of EGFR IFIs in mammals. A number of reports in the past few years, however, have described IFIs acting on the mammalian EGFR and demonstrated essential roles for these protein ...
From filaments to function: The role of the plant actin cytoskeleton in
... targeting of this network, the actin-endomembrane systems have been characterized through work demonstrating actindependent hijacking of the ER by the plant enveloped virus Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSVW; (Feng et al. 2013; Ribeiro et al. 2013); Figure 2A; Table 1). In brief, the TSWV membrane ...
... targeting of this network, the actin-endomembrane systems have been characterized through work demonstrating actindependent hijacking of the ER by the plant enveloped virus Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSVW; (Feng et al. 2013; Ribeiro et al. 2013); Figure 2A; Table 1). In brief, the TSWV membrane ...
Ectopic Expression of AINTEGUMENTA in Arabidopsis Plants
... After initial expression throughout floral organ primordia, ANT RNA becomes limited to particular subdomains as the organs mature [Elliott et al., 1996] (Fig. 1A–D). To investigate the consequences of changing the levels and/or duration of ANT expression in developing organ primordia, ANT cDNA was f ...
... After initial expression throughout floral organ primordia, ANT RNA becomes limited to particular subdomains as the organs mature [Elliott et al., 1996] (Fig. 1A–D). To investigate the consequences of changing the levels and/or duration of ANT expression in developing organ primordia, ANT cDNA was f ...
Induction and Fixation of Polarity -Early Steps in Plant Morphogenesis
... effects of mutations that influence follicle shape: they also interfere with the dorsoventral polarity of the embryo (2). Impressive examples of polarity by inheritance can be found in unicellular organisms, for example the flagella-stalk polarity in Caulobacter crescentus (17, 110, 111) or the dors ...
... effects of mutations that influence follicle shape: they also interfere with the dorsoventral polarity of the embryo (2). Impressive examples of polarity by inheritance can be found in unicellular organisms, for example the flagella-stalk polarity in Caulobacter crescentus (17, 110, 111) or the dors ...
Ca signaling and early embryonic patterning during zebrafish
... 4. The potential down-stream targets of these Ca2+ transients are also discussed as well as how they might integrate with other pattern-forming signaling pathways, known to modulate early developmental events. Introduction There is an accumulating body of evidence to suggest that Ca2+ signaling play ...
... 4. The potential down-stream targets of these Ca2+ transients are also discussed as well as how they might integrate with other pattern-forming signaling pathways, known to modulate early developmental events. Introduction There is an accumulating body of evidence to suggest that Ca2+ signaling play ...
Modes of anaerobic respiration catalysed by
... Firstly, I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Lorenz Adrian for giving me the opportunity to work and prepare my thesis in this exciting research area and fantastic working group. I also thank him for the supervision of my thesis, the constant support, the many inspiring discussions, and for sharin ...
... Firstly, I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Lorenz Adrian for giving me the opportunity to work and prepare my thesis in this exciting research area and fantastic working group. I also thank him for the supervision of my thesis, the constant support, the many inspiring discussions, and for sharin ...
Full Text - Labs / Projects - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
... 3774 C. R. Magie, D. Pinto-Santini and S. M. Parkhurst Fig. 2. Rho1 protein is ubiquitously expressed, but concentrated apically, in blastoderm embryos. (A,B) Confocal micrograph showing Rho1 localization at interphase (A) and metaphase (B) in an early syncytial blastoderm stage. Note that the accu ...
... 3774 C. R. Magie, D. Pinto-Santini and S. M. Parkhurst Fig. 2. Rho1 protein is ubiquitously expressed, but concentrated apically, in blastoderm embryos. (A,B) Confocal micrograph showing Rho1 localization at interphase (A) and metaphase (B) in an early syncytial blastoderm stage. Note that the accu ...
Vesicles versus Tubes: is ER-Golgi Transport in
... cisternal tubules connecting the cis-Golgi as well as other cisternae to the ER. This Downloaded from on June 17, 20179- Published by www.plantphysiol.org Copyright © 2015 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
... cisternal tubules connecting the cis-Golgi as well as other cisternae to the ER. This Downloaded from on June 17, 20179- Published by www.plantphysiol.org Copyright © 2015 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. ...
Damage response of XRCC1 at sites of DNA single strand breaks is
... Single-strand breaks (SSBs) are the most common type of oxidative DNA damage and they are related to aging and many genetic diseases. The scaffold protein for repair of SSBs, XRCC1, accumulates at sites of poly(ADP-ribose) (pAR) synthesized by PARP, but it is retained at sites of SSBs after pAR degr ...
... Single-strand breaks (SSBs) are the most common type of oxidative DNA damage and they are related to aging and many genetic diseases. The scaffold protein for repair of SSBs, XRCC1, accumulates at sites of poly(ADP-ribose) (pAR) synthesized by PARP, but it is retained at sites of SSBs after pAR degr ...
Chromosome silencing mechanisms in X
... them or set them aside in the hope that they will one day make sense. This is unfortunate because such inconsistencies can be the catalysts of progress, the exception to the rule that can trigger a leap of the imagination, dismantling established dogma and heralding a new era of understanding. With ...
... them or set them aside in the hope that they will one day make sense. This is unfortunate because such inconsistencies can be the catalysts of progress, the exception to the rule that can trigger a leap of the imagination, dismantling established dogma and heralding a new era of understanding. With ...
Auxin Transport Promotes Arabidopsis Lateral Root Initiation
... Lateral root development in Arabidopsis provides a model for the study of hormonal signals that regulate postembryonic organogenesis in higher plants. Lateral roots originate from pairs of pericycle cells, in several cell files positioned opposite the xylem pole, that initiate a series of asymmetric ...
... Lateral root development in Arabidopsis provides a model for the study of hormonal signals that regulate postembryonic organogenesis in higher plants. Lateral roots originate from pairs of pericycle cells, in several cell files positioned opposite the xylem pole, that initiate a series of asymmetric ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.