Sex differences in spatial abilities
... sexual division of labour (Tooby & DeVore, 1987), with hunting primarily carried out by males and gathering done primarily by females. This would have been a likely use of resources, protecting women who would often have been nursing young infants, while applying the greater average strength and sta ...
... sexual division of labour (Tooby & DeVore, 1987), with hunting primarily carried out by males and gathering done primarily by females. This would have been a likely use of resources, protecting women who would often have been nursing young infants, while applying the greater average strength and sta ...
Developing a theory of Gendered Prejudice
... competitors, but rather as contested resources. This is true for both ingroup and outgroup females, as it is often the case that females from the outgroup are incorporated into the victorious group after intergroup conflict (Thornhill & Palmer, 2000; Wrangham & Peterson, 1996). Men are more likely t ...
... competitors, but rather as contested resources. This is true for both ingroup and outgroup females, as it is often the case that females from the outgroup are incorporated into the victorious group after intergroup conflict (Thornhill & Palmer, 2000; Wrangham & Peterson, 1996). Men are more likely t ...
The genetic architecture of insect courtship behavior and
... by many or few loci, and help to investigate whether the same loci underlie both intraspecific and interspecific behavioral differences. Of the behavioral courtship traits examined, 69% (25 of 36) were found to be mediated by few loci of relatively large effect. This apparent prevalence of major loc ...
... by many or few loci, and help to investigate whether the same loci underlie both intraspecific and interspecific behavioral differences. Of the behavioral courtship traits examined, 69% (25 of 36) were found to be mediated by few loci of relatively large effect. This apparent prevalence of major loc ...
A wake-up call for studies of natural selection?
... convex selection on two out of the three traits (details in Fig. 1 legend), and patterns of nonlinear selection were consistently stronger for fertility selection than for viability selection. Frentiu (2004) presents an analysis of six morphological measures on an island population of the Capricorn ...
... convex selection on two out of the three traits (details in Fig. 1 legend), and patterns of nonlinear selection were consistently stronger for fertility selection than for viability selection. Frentiu (2004) presents an analysis of six morphological measures on an island population of the Capricorn ...
The evolutionary links between fixed and variable traits - AGRO
... increases the selection pressure for genetic canalization. Traits have to be produced in stably functioning combinations despite the shuffling of the genes. In a sexual population with no canalization and recombination among traits, every time a trait is expressed in a different individual it encoun ...
... increases the selection pressure for genetic canalization. Traits have to be produced in stably functioning combinations despite the shuffling of the genes. In a sexual population with no canalization and recombination among traits, every time a trait is expressed in a different individual it encoun ...
Postcopulatory sexual selection
... promiscuity and it is therefore in their evolutionary interest to maintain gene flow between populations, but inter-population mating might also involve some fitness costs. For example, it could break up mechanisms of sex limitation of sexually antagonistic alleles or result in the production of les ...
... promiscuity and it is therefore in their evolutionary interest to maintain gene flow between populations, but inter-population mating might also involve some fitness costs. For example, it could break up mechanisms of sex limitation of sexually antagonistic alleles or result in the production of les ...
Selection and Adaptation
... Natural selection, which over generations leads to adaptations, is one important process through which species change over time in response to changes in environmental conditions. ...
... Natural selection, which over generations leads to adaptations, is one important process through which species change over time in response to changes in environmental conditions. ...
On the Evolution of Premating Isolation after a Founder Event
... may participate in many matings. Let the probabilities that an encounter between a female with genotype i and a male with genotype j results in mating be given by table 2, where all entries (mating probabilities) are nonnegative. If a female does not mate with a given male, she may mate with a male ...
... may participate in many matings. Let the probabilities that an encounter between a female with genotype i and a male with genotype j results in mating be given by table 2, where all entries (mating probabilities) are nonnegative. If a female does not mate with a given male, she may mate with a male ...
Mate-recognition and species boundaries in the ascomycetes
... however. There is phylogenetic evidence of introgression of MAT genes between non-sister species in Neurospora (Strandberg et al. 2010), and Fusarium (Martin et al. 2011b). In Ophiostoma, adaptive introgression of the MAT locus between species has occurred at least once, restoring sexuality to a sin ...
... however. There is phylogenetic evidence of introgression of MAT genes between non-sister species in Neurospora (Strandberg et al. 2010), and Fusarium (Martin et al. 2011b). In Ophiostoma, adaptive introgression of the MAT locus between species has occurred at least once, restoring sexuality to a sin ...
Costs of reproduction and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in a
... However, in order to examine relationships among traits (such as the degree to which phylogenetic changes in male vs female body size are responsible for phylogenetic changes in the degree of sexual size dimorphism), we cannot treat each population or species as independent. Similarities among close ...
... However, in order to examine relationships among traits (such as the degree to which phylogenetic changes in male vs female body size are responsible for phylogenetic changes in the degree of sexual size dimorphism), we cannot treat each population or species as independent. Similarities among close ...
The effect of mitochondrial DNA on behaviours and life history traits in
... The life history traits investigated here (life span and adult weight of emergence) both showed an nDNA link, a link that was not apparent in the behaviours. To find a nuclear association in regards to the life history traits is not surprising since the different nuclear haplotypes all had different ...
... The life history traits investigated here (life span and adult weight of emergence) both showed an nDNA link, a link that was not apparent in the behaviours. To find a nuclear association in regards to the life history traits is not surprising since the different nuclear haplotypes all had different ...
Biology B Midterm I Review Name: Period: ____ Standard 1
... There are 13 types of Galapagos finches, also known as Darwin's Finches, and they share the same habits and characteristics except for one, and they all have different beaks. The differences in their beaks might be the most important aspect of their survival. In 1977, a large drought affected the is ...
... There are 13 types of Galapagos finches, also known as Darwin's Finches, and they share the same habits and characteristics except for one, and they all have different beaks. The differences in their beaks might be the most important aspect of their survival. In 1977, a large drought affected the is ...
18 The Evolution of Phenotypes
... precisely the traits that are most often cited as the spectacular examples of natural selection and adaptation. It turns out that the theory of quantitative genetics allows us to study the evolution of phenotypes on the basis of statistical similarities among relatives, even without identifying the ...
... precisely the traits that are most often cited as the spectacular examples of natural selection and adaptation. It turns out that the theory of quantitative genetics allows us to study the evolution of phenotypes on the basis of statistical similarities among relatives, even without identifying the ...
8 The Evolution of Phenotypes
... precisely the traits that are most often cited as the spectacular examples of natural selection and adaptation. It turns out that the theory of quantitative genetics allows us to study the evolution of phenotypes on the basis of statistical similarities among relatives, even without identifying the ...
... precisely the traits that are most often cited as the spectacular examples of natural selection and adaptation. It turns out that the theory of quantitative genetics allows us to study the evolution of phenotypes on the basis of statistical similarities among relatives, even without identifying the ...
Magic traits - Nosil Lab of Evolutionary Biology
... implies that such a trait is, in a sense, an ordinary trait that contributes to non-random mating, but that is, at times, in a ‘magic environment’ that subjects it to divergent selection; the magic comes from the trait–environment interaction. Thus, a crucial question emerges: how consistently diver ...
... implies that such a trait is, in a sense, an ordinary trait that contributes to non-random mating, but that is, at times, in a ‘magic environment’ that subjects it to divergent selection; the magic comes from the trait–environment interaction. Thus, a crucial question emerges: how consistently diver ...
The fish were in a dark environment, and therefore didn`t need
... food more easily, allowing finches with these features to survive and reproduce more often than those that did not. B. Every day, finches who needed to eat insects would squeeze their beaks into tiny holes to reach insects, eventually changing the shape of their beaks, which then got passed on to fu ...
... food more easily, allowing finches with these features to survive and reproduce more often than those that did not. B. Every day, finches who needed to eat insects would squeeze their beaks into tiny holes to reach insects, eventually changing the shape of their beaks, which then got passed on to fu ...
Fodor vs Darwin_ pe_10_6 - Philsci
... Darwinian fundamentalism which might be indeed harmful for science must be distinguished from Darwinism. Darwin himself was quite cautious to warn that natural selection is just one of the many forces in the process of evolution. Darwinian fundamentalism builds on a deep misunderstanding of the pro ...
... Darwinian fundamentalism which might be indeed harmful for science must be distinguished from Darwinism. Darwin himself was quite cautious to warn that natural selection is just one of the many forces in the process of evolution. Darwinian fundamentalism builds on a deep misunderstanding of the pro ...
Natural Selection and Parallel Speciation in Sympatric Sticklebacks
... Correcting for phylogeny had a negligible effect on these statistical results (27), confirming that parallel speciation and not shared history is responsible for the observed mating patterns. For phylogeny to have a significant influence, populations of the same ecomorph must be more closely related ...
... Correcting for phylogeny had a negligible effect on these statistical results (27), confirming that parallel speciation and not shared history is responsible for the observed mating patterns. For phylogeny to have a significant influence, populations of the same ecomorph must be more closely related ...
Evolution of sex ratios in social hymenoptera: kin selection, local
... worker gains nothing in fitness if she invested equally in brothers and sisters because her average relatedness to her siblings is 1/2, the same as her average relatedness to her own offspring. Sterility in workers would be selected if they can capitalise on the asymmetries in genetic relatedness by ...
... worker gains nothing in fitness if she invested equally in brothers and sisters because her average relatedness to her siblings is 1/2, the same as her average relatedness to her own offspring. Sterility in workers would be selected if they can capitalise on the asymmetries in genetic relatedness by ...
Preview Gray`s Psychology Sample Chapter
... involves the environmental induction of gene activity (Brown & others, 1996; Numan, 2007). The sight, sound, or smell of newborns activates a particular gene. The activated gene produces a protein molecule that stimulates activity in a specific cluster of brain cells that are known to be crucial for ...
... involves the environmental induction of gene activity (Brown & others, 1996; Numan, 2007). The sight, sound, or smell of newborns activates a particular gene. The activated gene produces a protein molecule that stimulates activity in a specific cluster of brain cells that are known to be crucial for ...
Ch 19 Clicker Questions
... food more easily, allowing finches with these features to survive and reproduce more often than those that did not. B. Every day, finches who needed to eat insects would squeeze their beaks into tiny holes to reach insects, eventually changing the shape of their beaks, which then got passed on to fu ...
... food more easily, allowing finches with these features to survive and reproduce more often than those that did not. B. Every day, finches who needed to eat insects would squeeze their beaks into tiny holes to reach insects, eventually changing the shape of their beaks, which then got passed on to fu ...
Recent challenges to natural selection
... select trait variations? The threespine stickleback fish is one example of an organism which appears to select its own trait variations. Threespine sticklebacks inhabit both salt and fresh water, and those living in salt water are much larger, have different colours and more armored scales than thei ...
... select trait variations? The threespine stickleback fish is one example of an organism which appears to select its own trait variations. Threespine sticklebacks inhabit both salt and fresh water, and those living in salt water are much larger, have different colours and more armored scales than thei ...
Exam Three Study Guide - The Seven Minute Scientist
... rarely displays a definitive moment separating the parental species and the newly formed species. 4) Species may have individuals at different parts of their range than cannot reproduce, but that are connected through populations in more central regions of the range. 5) Some closely related species ...
... rarely displays a definitive moment separating the parental species and the newly formed species. 4) Species may have individuals at different parts of their range than cannot reproduce, but that are connected through populations in more central regions of the range. 5) Some closely related species ...
The Theory of Evolution: Of What Value to Psychology?
... example is the explanation of the excess in male versus female mortality, due to disease, trauma and stress, accidents, and murder, that occurs in humans and many other animals. Given that excess male mortality is not attributable to the unguarded X chromosome (Trivers, 1985), the theory of sensatio ...
... example is the explanation of the excess in male versus female mortality, due to disease, trauma and stress, accidents, and murder, that occurs in humans and many other animals. Given that excess male mortality is not attributable to the unguarded X chromosome (Trivers, 1985), the theory of sensatio ...
File
... By the mid1800s, the term "evolution" was already in use to describe observed changes in heritable phenotype across generations, but natural historians of the time disagreed about the cause (forces) of these changes. Darwin and Wallace's great breakthrough was to recognize that evolution could be ex ...
... By the mid1800s, the term "evolution" was already in use to describe observed changes in heritable phenotype across generations, but natural historians of the time disagreed about the cause (forces) of these changes. Darwin and Wallace's great breakthrough was to recognize that evolution could be ex ...
Mate choice
Mate choice or intersexual selection is an evolutionary process in which selection, normally of a male mate by a female chooser, is dependent on the attractiveness of his phenotypic traits. It is one of two components of sexual selection (the other being intrasexual selection). Charles Darwin first introduced his ideas on sexual selection in 1871 but they were initially rejected. Ronald Fisher then developed the idea in his 1915 paper The evolution of sexual preference outlined the Fisherian runaway theory in 1930. Advances in genetic and molecular biology techniques have accompanied major progress in this field recently.Five currently recognized mechanisms, which can co-occur, and for each of which there are many examples, explain the evolution of mate choice.In systems where mate choice exists, one sex is competitive with same-sex members and the other sex is choosy (selective when it comes to picking individuals to mate with). In most species, females are the choosy sex that discriminate amongst competitive males but there are several examples of reversed roles (see below).