Investigation of sympatric speciation as the outcome of competition
... Figure 2.2. The initial Prey FCM including concepts and edges for the dual resource version of the EcoSim. The width of each edge shows its influence value. The color of an edge shows inhibitory (red) or excitatory (blue) effects............................................................. 35 Figure ...
... Figure 2.2. The initial Prey FCM including concepts and edges for the dual resource version of the EcoSim. The width of each edge shows its influence value. The color of an edge shows inhibitory (red) or excitatory (blue) effects............................................................. 35 Figure ...
effects of algal and herbivore diversity on the partitioning of biomass
... the mechanisms that govern how biomass is partitioned within and among trophic levels. Here I report results of a laboratory microcosm experiment crossing eight algal compositions (seven monocultures and a polyculture of all seven species) with five ciliate herbivore compositions (no herbivores, thr ...
... the mechanisms that govern how biomass is partitioned within and among trophic levels. Here I report results of a laboratory microcosm experiment crossing eight algal compositions (seven monocultures and a polyculture of all seven species) with five ciliate herbivore compositions (no herbivores, thr ...
Love thy neighbor? reciprocal impacts between plant community
... degree of damage plants experience may depend on their neighbors (i.e., associational resistance or susceptibility). Differential herbivory, in turn, may facilitate a shift in plant community structure. We investigated these reciprocal effects of plant community structure and insect herbivory in a fi ...
... degree of damage plants experience may depend on their neighbors (i.e., associational resistance or susceptibility). Differential herbivory, in turn, may facilitate a shift in plant community structure. We investigated these reciprocal effects of plant community structure and insect herbivory in a fi ...
Ensis directus
... Razor clams are famous for being able to burrow very fast and very deep into the sediment, making them difficult to capture live (Drew, 1907). The burrowing mechanism has been described in detail (Trueman, 1967). Their short siphons indicate that their usual position in the sediment is close to the ...
... Razor clams are famous for being able to burrow very fast and very deep into the sediment, making them difficult to capture live (Drew, 1907). The burrowing mechanism has been described in detail (Trueman, 1967). Their short siphons indicate that their usual position in the sediment is close to the ...
TECHNICAL REPORT ��� An Assessment of the Potential Use of
... purpose of controlling pest mosquitoes in Michigan. Gambusia are small, highly aggressive fish native to the southern United States that have been stocked in nearly every state. They are very predaceous and will consume small prey animals causing serious environmental damage. A number of scientific ...
... purpose of controlling pest mosquitoes in Michigan. Gambusia are small, highly aggressive fish native to the southern United States that have been stocked in nearly every state. They are very predaceous and will consume small prey animals causing serious environmental damage. A number of scientific ...
Effects of taxonomic and trophic aggregation on food web properties
... taxonomic and trophic aggregation for a given food web property, we compared the two lumped versions of the same size, S (genus, family and order levels were contrasted with trophically based levels 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The lumping procedure ceased when each web contained fewer than 10 aggrega ...
... taxonomic and trophic aggregation for a given food web property, we compared the two lumped versions of the same size, S (genus, family and order levels were contrasted with trophically based levels 1, 2 and 3, respectively). The lumping procedure ceased when each web contained fewer than 10 aggrega ...
Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an
... more experimental studies, coupled with observational studies across landscapes, are necessary to understand whether and how resource availability and community structure limits invasions at various stages of invasion (i.e., establishment and population growth) and across spatial scales. Here, we fo ...
... more experimental studies, coupled with observational studies across landscapes, are necessary to understand whether and how resource availability and community structure limits invasions at various stages of invasion (i.e., establishment and population growth) and across spatial scales. Here, we fo ...
Pereskia stem-wilter Biological control agent against Pereskia
... Biological control agent against Pereskia aculeata Pereskia Pereskia (Pereskia aculeata) is an invasive alien plant that was introduced into South Africa from Brazil. It is problematic in South Africa because it destroys indigenous biodiversity by outcompeting indigenous plants. Areas infested with ...
... Biological control agent against Pereskia aculeata Pereskia Pereskia (Pereskia aculeata) is an invasive alien plant that was introduced into South Africa from Brazil. It is problematic in South Africa because it destroys indigenous biodiversity by outcompeting indigenous plants. Areas infested with ...
Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an
... more experimental studies, coupled with observational studies across landscapes, are necessary to understand whether and how resource availability and community structure limits invasions at various stages of invasion (i.e., establishment and population growth) and across spatial scales. Here, we fo ...
... more experimental studies, coupled with observational studies across landscapes, are necessary to understand whether and how resource availability and community structure limits invasions at various stages of invasion (i.e., establishment and population growth) and across spatial scales. Here, we fo ...
Modeling the Impact of the African Elephant, Loxodonta africana, on
... fire regime. Introducing elephants into this model savanna has the expected effect of reducing tree cover, although at an elephant density of 1.0 per square kilometer, woody plants still persist for over a century. I tested the effect of plant responses to elephant ...
... fire regime. Introducing elephants into this model savanna has the expected effect of reducing tree cover, although at an elephant density of 1.0 per square kilometer, woody plants still persist for over a century. I tested the effect of plant responses to elephant ...
Nine-spotted Lady Beetle (Coccinella novemnotata
... morphological features: their wing covers are pale orange to red, with a dark line where the two wing covers meet. They generally have nine black spots on their wing covers, but the size and number of these spots can vary. Furthermore, the head and pronotum are black with white markings. This charis ...
... morphological features: their wing covers are pale orange to red, with a dark line where the two wing covers meet. They generally have nine black spots on their wing covers, but the size and number of these spots can vary. Furthermore, the head and pronotum are black with white markings. This charis ...
The Mineral Nutrition of Wild Plants Revisited: A Re
... suggests that plants should absorb (on a mass basis) about 10 times more N than P to promote balanced plant growth. Deviations from this ratio should, therefore, lead to N- or P-limited plant growth (see below). Nutrient limitation can be evaluated at the level of individual species or at the commun ...
... suggests that plants should absorb (on a mass basis) about 10 times more N than P to promote balanced plant growth. Deviations from this ratio should, therefore, lead to N- or P-limited plant growth (see below). Nutrient limitation can be evaluated at the level of individual species or at the commun ...
Experimental conWrmation of multiple community states in a marine
... Dudgeon 2004a; Suding et al. 2004; Schröder et al. 2005). Peterson (1984) argued very forcefully and convincingly that the requirement of using “the very same site” was critical because of undetected eVects of environmental variation. On one hand, diVerent species assemblages may occur as a mosaic o ...
... Dudgeon 2004a; Suding et al. 2004; Schröder et al. 2005). Peterson (1984) argued very forcefully and convincingly that the requirement of using “the very same site” was critical because of undetected eVects of environmental variation. On one hand, diVerent species assemblages may occur as a mosaic o ...
The vegetation of Omusati and Oshana Regions, central- northern Namibia by
... Figure 1 The hierarchical classification units of the Braun-Blanquet system......................................................... 4 Figure 2. The BIOTA southern Africa transects and placement of biodiversity observatories .............................. 6 Figure 3. A schematic layout of a BIOTA ob ...
... Figure 1 The hierarchical classification units of the Braun-Blanquet system......................................................... 4 Figure 2. The BIOTA southern Africa transects and placement of biodiversity observatories .............................. 6 Figure 3. A schematic layout of a BIOTA ob ...
The vegetation of Omusati and Oshana Regions, central
... Figure 1 The hierarchical classification units of the Braun-Blanquet system......................................................... 4 Figure 2. The BIOTA southern Africa transects and placement of biodiversity observatories .............................. 6 Figure 3. A schematic layout of a BIOTA ob ...
... Figure 1 The hierarchical classification units of the Braun-Blanquet system......................................................... 4 Figure 2. The BIOTA southern Africa transects and placement of biodiversity observatories .............................. 6 Figure 3. A schematic layout of a BIOTA ob ...
PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS: INCORPORATING INDIVIDUAL VARIATION AND FUNCTIONAL INFORMATION
... This thesis is a compendium of publications, organized in four parts: Prologue, Main chapters, Epilogue, and Supplementary Materials and References. The prologue presents an overview of plant-pollinator interaction networks, introduces relevant background information of the specific topics studied i ...
... This thesis is a compendium of publications, organized in four parts: Prologue, Main chapters, Epilogue, and Supplementary Materials and References. The prologue presents an overview of plant-pollinator interaction networks, introduces relevant background information of the specific topics studied i ...
white rock wind farm pty limited
... The field work was undertaken in sections (please refer to Figure 1 which shows the study area and section numbers). The Little Eagle was recorded during field assessment in Section 1 of the study area. The Little Lorikeet was recorded within Section 3 and the Diamond Firetail was recorded within Se ...
... The field work was undertaken in sections (please refer to Figure 1 which shows the study area and section numbers). The Little Eagle was recorded during field assessment in Section 1 of the study area. The Little Lorikeet was recorded within Section 3 and the Diamond Firetail was recorded within Se ...
Spatial Patterns of Species Diversity in Kenya
... quantitative value can be ascribed to them and these values can be compared (Groombridge, 1992). It is thus necessary to try and disentangle some of the separate elements of which biodiversity is composed. Hence, it has become a widespread practice to define biodiversity in terms of genes, species a ...
... quantitative value can be ascribed to them and these values can be compared (Groombridge, 1992). It is thus necessary to try and disentangle some of the separate elements of which biodiversity is composed. Hence, it has become a widespread practice to define biodiversity in terms of genes, species a ...
This Issue - University of Hawaii System
... purpose of the harmful activity and the owner “minimize[s] and mitigate[s]” his impacts.43 This new section 10, however, did little to reduce the controversy surrounding the ESA, which was given additional impetus by Sweet Home. ...
... purpose of the harmful activity and the owner “minimize[s] and mitigate[s]” his impacts.43 This new section 10, however, did little to reduce the controversy surrounding the ESA, which was given additional impetus by Sweet Home. ...
safe harbor agreements under the endangered
... and (2) state how they will “minimize and mitigate” the adverse impacts their activities have on the covered species.84 Although landowners are theoretically free to engage in a variety of mitigation practices, the FWS has made it clear that “first and foremost, mitigation strategies should compens ...
... and (2) state how they will “minimize and mitigate” the adverse impacts their activities have on the covered species.84 Although landowners are theoretically free to engage in a variety of mitigation practices, the FWS has made it clear that “first and foremost, mitigation strategies should compens ...
Severity of the Effects of Invasive Rats on Seabirds: A Global Review
... video cameras; seabird bones in rat middens; remains of seabirds in rat gut contents; rat-chewed eggshells; and seabird carcasses with signs of rat depredation. Studies in which rat effects were “inferred from population decline” generally documented seabird breeding number declines following rat in ...
... video cameras; seabird bones in rat middens; remains of seabirds in rat gut contents; rat-chewed eggshells; and seabird carcasses with signs of rat depredation. Studies in which rat effects were “inferred from population decline” generally documented seabird breeding number declines following rat in ...
Invasive non-native plants retain native mammal communities in
... little is known of their net effect on population persistence. Understanding the impact of nonnative plants on native fauna is becoming increasingly urgent for conservation management, particularly in degraded and novel ecosystems where the broad-scale removal of weeds could threaten native fauna po ...
... little is known of their net effect on population persistence. Understanding the impact of nonnative plants on native fauna is becoming increasingly urgent for conservation management, particularly in degraded and novel ecosystems where the broad-scale removal of weeds could threaten native fauna po ...
View Chapter 11. Strategy for Stabilization of the OIP Target Plant Taxa
... It is important to carefully consider potential genetic consequences when choosing individuals for use in reintroduction and augmentation. Reintroduction and augmentation can be carried out using plants from a single source or by mixing plants from more than one source. Each strategy may have both p ...
... It is important to carefully consider potential genetic consequences when choosing individuals for use in reintroduction and augmentation. Reintroduction and augmentation can be carried out using plants from a single source or by mixing plants from more than one source. Each strategy may have both p ...
Pen Llŷn a`r Sarnau /Lleyn Peninsula and the Sarnau European
... European Union. It represents one of the ways in which EU member states are fulfilling the commitments they made at the “Earth Summit” in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, for the conservation of the Earth’s biological diversity 2 . The Habitats Directive requires member states to take a variety of measures a ...
... European Union. It represents one of the ways in which EU member states are fulfilling the commitments they made at the “Earth Summit” in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, for the conservation of the Earth’s biological diversity 2 . The Habitats Directive requires member states to take a variety of measures a ...
Effects of leaf litter depth on the emergence and seedling growth of
... compared to those that typically occur in nature. The objective of our study was to examine the impact of leaf litter from temperate deciduous forests on the emergence and growth of tree seedlings representing a wide range of seed sizes. Our interest in litter depth was two-fold. As previously demon ...
... compared to those that typically occur in nature. The objective of our study was to examine the impact of leaf litter from temperate deciduous forests on the emergence and growth of tree seedlings representing a wide range of seed sizes. Our interest in litter depth was two-fold. As previously demon ...
Introduced species
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.