PDF - Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
... matter, given timely handling or not,the outcome of SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspects, such as molecule, cell, gene, drug treatment, and so on. In this study, we have discovered that GDNF ...
... matter, given timely handling or not,the outcome of SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspects, such as molecule, cell, gene, drug treatment, and so on. In this study, we have discovered that GDNF ...
Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine‐radiographic
... and a unique germinal site in the embryo, possibly from the same cell line. The datings obtained in these radiographic studies in adults specify the ages when the postulated germinal site should be maximally activein the embryo, and the cytogenetic gradients (lateralto-medial, ventral-to-dorsal, etc ...
... and a unique germinal site in the embryo, possibly from the same cell line. The datings obtained in these radiographic studies in adults specify the ages when the postulated germinal site should be maximally activein the embryo, and the cytogenetic gradients (lateralto-medial, ventral-to-dorsal, etc ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... less steel injection cannula (300 mm ID) through which a Tefloncoated tungsten wire (50-mm base diameter, 75-mm coated diameter) for recording neuronal activity had been threaded with its cut tip protruding 0.7–0.8 mm from the tip of the cannula. The proximal end of the cannula was connected to a mi ...
... less steel injection cannula (300 mm ID) through which a Tefloncoated tungsten wire (50-mm base diameter, 75-mm coated diameter) for recording neuronal activity had been threaded with its cut tip protruding 0.7–0.8 mm from the tip of the cannula. The proximal end of the cannula was connected to a mi ...
Neuronal polarity: establishing and maintaining the axon initial
... electric signal transfer, however since axons can be much longer than dendrites this transfer must be more faithful and stronger. Therefore axons have a system that boots the electric signal to sustain the same membrane potential as it travels along the axon. This boosted electric signal in the axon ...
... electric signal transfer, however since axons can be much longer than dendrites this transfer must be more faithful and stronger. Therefore axons have a system that boots the electric signal to sustain the same membrane potential as it travels along the axon. This boosted electric signal in the axon ...
Effect of Lesions of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus on NREM and
... Electroencephalogram/electromyogram implantation, sleep recording, and scoring The rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal chloral hydrate (7% in saline; 350 mg / kg), prepared for aseptic surgery, and secured in a stereotaxic frame. Four electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes were screwed onto the ...
... Electroencephalogram/electromyogram implantation, sleep recording, and scoring The rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal chloral hydrate (7% in saline; 350 mg / kg), prepared for aseptic surgery, and secured in a stereotaxic frame. Four electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes were screwed onto the ...
Activation of the hypothalamic feeding centre upon visual
... not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
... not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
Distribution of Agrin mRNAs in the Chick Embryo Nervous System
... agrin-like molecules on the surface of the motor axon (Cohen and Godfrey, 1992). Thus, agrin appears to be involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis from the time axons contact muscle cells. In addition to agrin’s localization in the synaptic basal lamina, agrin-like proteins are also present in most ...
... agrin-like molecules on the surface of the motor axon (Cohen and Godfrey, 1992). Thus, agrin appears to be involved in neuromuscular synaptogenesis from the time axons contact muscle cells. In addition to agrin’s localization in the synaptic basal lamina, agrin-like proteins are also present in most ...
The ventral striatum - Brain imaging of Parkinson`s disease
... brain areas involved in motivational and emotional processing [25–28]. Nevertheless, in monkeys, the delimitation between the dorsal and ventral striatum is not sharply defined. Although it is often assumed that the ventral striatum represents the ventral third of the anterior striatum, it is in fac ...
... brain areas involved in motivational and emotional processing [25–28]. Nevertheless, in monkeys, the delimitation between the dorsal and ventral striatum is not sharply defined. Although it is often assumed that the ventral striatum represents the ventral third of the anterior striatum, it is in fac ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... Abstract: Objective: Pallial regions of teleost fish are associated with learning about social signal discrimination, spatial learning and emotional conditioning. We recently showed that neurons in the dorsal central part of the apteronotid pallium (DC) have similar features to neocortical neuron ...
... Abstract: Objective: Pallial regions of teleost fish are associated with learning about social signal discrimination, spatial learning and emotional conditioning. We recently showed that neurons in the dorsal central part of the apteronotid pallium (DC) have similar features to neocortical neuron ...
Axonal Membranes and Their Domains: Assembly and Function of
... and transmit electrical signals critical for normal brain function. Here, we review the intricate organization of axonal membrane domains that facilitate rapid action potential conduction underlying communication between complex neuronal circuits. Two critical excitable domains of vertebrate axons a ...
... and transmit electrical signals critical for normal brain function. Here, we review the intricate organization of axonal membrane domains that facilitate rapid action potential conduction underlying communication between complex neuronal circuits. Two critical excitable domains of vertebrate axons a ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... (K PBS)] for 20 min, rinsed in K PBS, and then incubated with Fos antibody (lot number A055; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) at a dilution of 1:10,000 in 0.4% Triton X-100 in K PBS for 72 hr at 4°C. The sections were then rinsed with K PBS, placed for 4 hr in biotinylated goat anti-rabbit ...
... (K PBS)] for 20 min, rinsed in K PBS, and then incubated with Fos antibody (lot number A055; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) at a dilution of 1:10,000 in 0.4% Triton X-100 in K PBS for 72 hr at 4°C. The sections were then rinsed with K PBS, placed for 4 hr in biotinylated goat anti-rabbit ...
Formation of a full complement of cranial proprioceptors requires
... Symbols for the four masticatory muscles are as in Table 1. Data are shown as means ⫾ s.d. (N). The spindle counts pooled for all four muscles are also given, and expressed as percent deficits of spindles in trk receptor-versus neurotrophin-deficient mice for each mutation. Note that spindle deficit ...
... Symbols for the four masticatory muscles are as in Table 1. Data are shown as means ⫾ s.d. (N). The spindle counts pooled for all four muscles are also given, and expressed as percent deficits of spindles in trk receptor-versus neurotrophin-deficient mice for each mutation. Note that spindle deficit ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... suggesting that spines and synapses might respond dynamically to changes in circulating hormones. b | A dendrite that has been labelled for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2; red) and actin (green). MAP2 is concentrated in the dendritic shafts. Actin filaments in the spine head mediate spine mo ...
... suggesting that spines and synapses might respond dynamically to changes in circulating hormones. b | A dendrite that has been labelled for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2; red) and actin (green). MAP2 is concentrated in the dendritic shafts. Actin filaments in the spine head mediate spine mo ...
Depression of Acetylcholinesterase Synthesis Following Transient
... sham-operated control group (Fig. 5). After 24 h recirculation, a significant increase (< 0.05) in AChE activity was recorded in comparison with the activity at 4 h, but differences between experimental and control groups persisted in all investigated areas. Discussion In this study, Butcher's pharm ...
... sham-operated control group (Fig. 5). After 24 h recirculation, a significant increase (< 0.05) in AChE activity was recorded in comparison with the activity at 4 h, but differences between experimental and control groups persisted in all investigated areas. Discussion In this study, Butcher's pharm ...
The neurochemistry of the GnRH pulse generator
... increasingly more GnRH when the superfusion medium did not contain Buserelin. Continuous in vivo and in vitro exposure of hypothalami to Buserelin had also a continuous suppressive effect on glutamate and a stimulatory effect on GABA release. Those hypothalami which were down-regulated under in vivo ...
... increasingly more GnRH when the superfusion medium did not contain Buserelin. Continuous in vivo and in vitro exposure of hypothalami to Buserelin had also a continuous suppressive effect on glutamate and a stimulatory effect on GABA release. Those hypothalami which were down-regulated under in vivo ...
Learned Movements Elicited by Direct Stimulation of Cerebellar
... the forelimb CS alone, which caused extinction of forelimb-elicited CRs. When MCP stimulation was then applied, no CRs were present. Thus, the responses elicited by MCP stimulation were dependent on the animal’s being conditioned to a peripheral CS. Third, the reverse of the previous experiment was ...
... the forelimb CS alone, which caused extinction of forelimb-elicited CRs. When MCP stimulation was then applied, no CRs were present. Thus, the responses elicited by MCP stimulation were dependent on the animal’s being conditioned to a peripheral CS. Third, the reverse of the previous experiment was ...
Relating normalization to neuronal populations across cortical areas
... also trained to perform other visually-guided tasks that were not used in the current experiments. Once training was complete, we implanted a microelectrode array (Blackrock Microsystems). In monkeys BR and ST, we implanted a 10 x 10 microelectrode array in area V1. In monkeys SY and JD, we implante ...
... also trained to perform other visually-guided tasks that were not used in the current experiments. Once training was complete, we implanted a microelectrode array (Blackrock Microsystems). In monkeys BR and ST, we implanted a 10 x 10 microelectrode array in area V1. In monkeys SY and JD, we implante ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... (Borst and Soria van Hoeve, 2012). Thus, in the ascending auditory system, the calyx of Held is located only one synaptic station downstream of the endbulb of Held discussed above. Each MNTB principal neuron is innervated by a single calyx. The principal neurons provide well timed inhibition to many ...
... (Borst and Soria van Hoeve, 2012). Thus, in the ascending auditory system, the calyx of Held is located only one synaptic station downstream of the endbulb of Held discussed above. Each MNTB principal neuron is innervated by a single calyx. The principal neurons provide well timed inhibition to many ...
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... 20; MgCl, 2; phosphocreatine-diTris, 7; Na2ATP, 4; and TrisGTP, 0.3 (pH adjusted to 7.3 with KOH). The intracellular solution also contained 0.1% biocytin for the purpose of labeling. When filled with this solution, the patch pipettes had a resistance of 3–5 MW. Slices were visualized with an upright ...
... 20; MgCl, 2; phosphocreatine-diTris, 7; Na2ATP, 4; and TrisGTP, 0.3 (pH adjusted to 7.3 with KOH). The intracellular solution also contained 0.1% biocytin for the purpose of labeling. When filled with this solution, the patch pipettes had a resistance of 3–5 MW. Slices were visualized with an upright ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... pyramidal neurons. A: changes in intracellular Na⫹ during action potentials are largest in the AIS. A L5 pyramidal neuron was filled with the Na⫹-sensitive dye SBFI and the variations in fluorescence measured at different distances from the axon hillock. The signal is larger in the AIS (25 m) and r ...
... pyramidal neurons. A: changes in intracellular Na⫹ during action potentials are largest in the AIS. A L5 pyramidal neuron was filled with the Na⫹-sensitive dye SBFI and the variations in fluorescence measured at different distances from the axon hillock. The signal is larger in the AIS (25 m) and r ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... preganglionic nerve bundle revealed that in HT, a greater number of neurons receive strong synaptic inputs. Application of high-frequency, low amplitude stimulation of the preganglionic nerve revealed that a greater proportion of neurons from NT rats underwent long-term potentiation of excitatory po ...
... preganglionic nerve bundle revealed that in HT, a greater number of neurons receive strong synaptic inputs. Application of high-frequency, low amplitude stimulation of the preganglionic nerve revealed that a greater proportion of neurons from NT rats underwent long-term potentiation of excitatory po ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... blood vessels and, to a lesser extent, the ducts and acini. These differences in the innervation of various portions of the pancreas are evident following sympathetic nerve activation, as sympatho-activation decreases insulin secretion and results in vasoconstriction, while it has little or no effec ...
... blood vessels and, to a lesser extent, the ducts and acini. These differences in the innervation of various portions of the pancreas are evident following sympathetic nerve activation, as sympatho-activation decreases insulin secretion and results in vasoconstriction, while it has little or no effec ...
PDF
... basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (Cavicchioli et al., 1989; Higgins et al., 1989) and adult DRG neurons (Lindsay et al., 1990; Verge et al., 1992). The effect of NGF on trkA mRNA expression is controversial. In PC12 cells, NGF has been reported to either have no effect on trkA mRNA (Kaplan et al. ...
... basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (Cavicchioli et al., 1989; Higgins et al., 1989) and adult DRG neurons (Lindsay et al., 1990; Verge et al., 1992). The effect of NGF on trkA mRNA expression is controversial. In PC12 cells, NGF has been reported to either have no effect on trkA mRNA (Kaplan et al. ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... Pickel et al. [80] have shown that D2Rs on midbrain DA neurons cluster extrasynaptically near presumed glutamatergic synapses on DA dendrites. An alternative, or at least complementary, explanation for D2-IPSCs is that they reflect an autocrine DA signal from the recorded neuron, with dendritic rele ...
... Pickel et al. [80] have shown that D2Rs on midbrain DA neurons cluster extrasynaptically near presumed glutamatergic synapses on DA dendrites. An alternative, or at least complementary, explanation for D2-IPSCs is that they reflect an autocrine DA signal from the recorded neuron, with dendritic rele ...