Median to radial nerve transfer for treatment of radial nerve palsy S
... palsies or neuritis in which no proximal healthy nerve segment exists.9,28,33–35 For these problems, nerve transfer provides an alternative surgical option.27,57,60 The recovery of motor function following nerve repair depends on both a sufficient number of motor axons reaching the target muscle, an ...
... palsies or neuritis in which no proximal healthy nerve segment exists.9,28,33–35 For these problems, nerve transfer provides an alternative surgical option.27,57,60 The recovery of motor function following nerve repair depends on both a sufficient number of motor axons reaching the target muscle, an ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... using the rat IMG as a model of synaptic transmission to test the hypothesis that the safety factor (i.e., the tendency for a preganglionic action potential to evoke an action potential in a postganglionic neuron) is increased in DOCA-salt HT. Intracellular recordings of IMG neurons with concurrent ...
... using the rat IMG as a model of synaptic transmission to test the hypothesis that the safety factor (i.e., the tendency for a preganglionic action potential to evoke an action potential in a postganglionic neuron) is increased in DOCA-salt HT. Intracellular recordings of IMG neurons with concurrent ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... modulates excitatory neurotransmission through PI3-kinase activated KATP channels; and (3) resveratrol did not alter membrane potential and input resistance, implying presynaptic mechanism of action. The increasing prevalence of diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome results in a need to identify ...
... modulates excitatory neurotransmission through PI3-kinase activated KATP channels; and (3) resveratrol did not alter membrane potential and input resistance, implying presynaptic mechanism of action. The increasing prevalence of diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome results in a need to identify ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... Figure 1: Architecture of the axon initial segment (AIS) and its key protein components. ((a), top) Neuron polarity. Polarized neurons receive synaptic inputs in the somatodendritic domain (green), which transmits the signals through the axon hillock to the axon initial segment (red). The AIS integr ...
... Figure 1: Architecture of the axon initial segment (AIS) and its key protein components. ((a), top) Neuron polarity. Polarized neurons receive synaptic inputs in the somatodendritic domain (green), which transmits the signals through the axon hillock to the axon initial segment (red). The AIS integr ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... (NGF) from native hippocampal slices and from NGF-cDNA transfected hippocampal neurons showed unusual characteristics [Blöchl and Thoenen (1995) Eur J Neurosci 7:1220–1228; (1996) Mol Cell Neurosci 7:173–190]. In both hippocampal slices and cultured hippocampal neurons the activity-dependent secret ...
... (NGF) from native hippocampal slices and from NGF-cDNA transfected hippocampal neurons showed unusual characteristics [Blöchl and Thoenen (1995) Eur J Neurosci 7:1220–1228; (1996) Mol Cell Neurosci 7:173–190]. In both hippocampal slices and cultured hippocampal neurons the activity-dependent secret ...
Chapter 2 Reivew of Lierature
... and cell membrane at physiological pH due to its basic nature. Nicotine acts as an agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (Benowitz, 1988). Nicotine activates sympathetic nervous system that would lead to increased level ...
... and cell membrane at physiological pH due to its basic nature. Nicotine acts as an agonist for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (Benowitz, 1988). Nicotine activates sympathetic nervous system that would lead to increased level ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... Box 1: Organization of the Mature Corticospinal System The corticospinal system connects the frontal and anterior parietal lobes with the spinal gray matter. Early in development, corticospinal neurons are distributed throughout much of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the occipital and ...
... Box 1: Organization of the Mature Corticospinal System The corticospinal system connects the frontal and anterior parietal lobes with the spinal gray matter. Early in development, corticospinal neurons are distributed throughout much of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the occipital and ...
First-in-first-out item replacement in a model of
... separated periods of at least several seconds that are devoted exclusively to associative encoding or to retrieval in order to avoid interference between spiking in those two modes. Here, we add to the model a plausible mechanism for the first-in-first-out (FIFO) ordered replacement of items that ar ...
... separated periods of at least several seconds that are devoted exclusively to associative encoding or to retrieval in order to avoid interference between spiking in those two modes. Here, we add to the model a plausible mechanism for the first-in-first-out (FIFO) ordered replacement of items that ar ...
2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education Site Map Any use is subject to
... B) effector - sensory neuron - motor neuron - interneuron in the CNS - receptor C) receptor - effector - interneuron in the CNS - sensory neuron - motor neuron D) sensory neuron - interneuron in the CNS - receptor - motor neuron - effector ...
... B) effector - sensory neuron - motor neuron - interneuron in the CNS - receptor C) receptor - effector - interneuron in the CNS - sensory neuron - motor neuron D) sensory neuron - interneuron in the CNS - receptor - motor neuron - effector ...
neuroanatomy - University of Toledo
... say that the true strength of a Netter illustration was always established well before brush was laid to paper. In that respect each plate is more of an intellectual than an artistic or aesthetic exercise. It is easy to appreciate the aesthetic qualities of Dr. Netter’s work, but to overlook its int ...
... say that the true strength of a Netter illustration was always established well before brush was laid to paper. In that respect each plate is more of an intellectual than an artistic or aesthetic exercise. It is easy to appreciate the aesthetic qualities of Dr. Netter’s work, but to overlook its int ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... 2.6 Topographic distribution of relation between sleep spindles amplitude and frequency. Each dot corresponds to one spindle. Positions of plots correspond to arrangement of electrodes in 10/20 system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Topographical distribution of sleep spindle ...
... 2.6 Topographic distribution of relation between sleep spindles amplitude and frequency. Each dot corresponds to one spindle. Positions of plots correspond to arrangement of electrodes in 10/20 system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Topographical distribution of sleep spindle ...
table of contents
... [NH4+], ammonium ion concentration; [Pi], inorganic phosphate concentration; PCr, phosphocreatine; Ca2+, calcium ion. ...
... [NH4+], ammonium ion concentration; [Pi], inorganic phosphate concentration; PCr, phosphocreatine; Ca2+, calcium ion. ...
5-HT Receptor Regulation of Neurotransmitter Release
... Abbreviations: 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine (unselective 5-HT receptor agonist); CNS, central nervous system; ACh, acetylcholine; NA, noradrenaline; DA, dopamine; WAY 100635, N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclohexane-carboxamide maleate (5-HT1A antagonist); SB 224289, 2,3, ...
... Abbreviations: 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine (unselective 5-HT receptor agonist); CNS, central nervous system; ACh, acetylcholine; NA, noradrenaline; DA, dopamine; WAY 100635, N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclohexane-carboxamide maleate (5-HT1A antagonist); SB 224289, 2,3, ...
Feeding Stimulants Activate an Identified Dopaminergic Interneuron
... dopamine triggered the fictive feeding motor pattern in the isolated CNS and triggered feeding movements in semi-intact preparations. Application of feeding stimulants to the oral cavity excited the putatively dopaminergic buccal interneuron N1a, and depolarization of interneuron N1a triggered the p ...
... dopamine triggered the fictive feeding motor pattern in the isolated CNS and triggered feeding movements in semi-intact preparations. Application of feeding stimulants to the oral cavity excited the putatively dopaminergic buccal interneuron N1a, and depolarization of interneuron N1a triggered the p ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... complexity. To function in such circuits, each neuron must receive and process information entering from one set of neurons and then relay signals to other neurons in the circuit. The neuronal processes of signal reception and transmission are key elements of neuronal function and are located at opp ...
... complexity. To function in such circuits, each neuron must receive and process information entering from one set of neurons and then relay signals to other neurons in the circuit. The neuronal processes of signal reception and transmission are key elements of neuronal function and are located at opp ...
Five Sources of a Dorsal Root Potential: Their Interactions and
... 1952) with DRP V being a prolonged negative wave. Wall (1958) showed that this negative DRP was associated with depolarization of the afferent terminals (primary afferent depolarization, PAD). This in turn was associated with presynaptic inhibition attributed to blockade of impulse transmission by H ...
... 1952) with DRP V being a prolonged negative wave. Wall (1958) showed that this negative DRP was associated with depolarization of the afferent terminals (primary afferent depolarization, PAD). This in turn was associated with presynaptic inhibition attributed to blockade of impulse transmission by H ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... large neurons in the deep layers. If the detection and clustering algorithm is sensitive enough to include low-amplitude spikes then bias is moderate. If only high amplitude units (> 200 µV) are picked up, then recording will be significantly biased towards the deep layers. The majority of spikes in ...
... large neurons in the deep layers. If the detection and clustering algorithm is sensitive enough to include low-amplitude spikes then bias is moderate. If only high amplitude units (> 200 µV) are picked up, then recording will be significantly biased towards the deep layers. The majority of spikes in ...
Extracellular voltage threshold settings can be tuned for optimal
... these spikes, the voltage trace is typically band-pass filtered, thresholded to identify transients in the voltage signal, and then sorted based on the shape of the transient waveform into clusters corresponding to individual neurons. This final preprocessing step, ʻspike sortingʼ, has received consid ...
... these spikes, the voltage trace is typically band-pass filtered, thresholded to identify transients in the voltage signal, and then sorted based on the shape of the transient waveform into clusters corresponding to individual neurons. This final preprocessing step, ʻspike sortingʼ, has received consid ...
Anatomy and physiology of the esophageal body
... A myogenic control system (MCS) is also reported to regulate esophageal smooth muscle contractions.38–40 MCS is a fundamental property of contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle.40 There are two important characteristics in MCS: oscillation of the electrical control activity of the so-called s ...
... A myogenic control system (MCS) is also reported to regulate esophageal smooth muscle contractions.38–40 MCS is a fundamental property of contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle.40 There are two important characteristics in MCS: oscillation of the electrical control activity of the so-called s ...
- Wiley Online Library
... was stimulated to evoke catecholamine release from a hemisected adrenal gland. We then utilized fast scanning cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) (Kawagoe et al. 1991; Leszczyszyn et al. 1991) to identify and measure evoked epinephrine and norepinephrine release. Next, we generated a spatial map of epinephrin ...
... was stimulated to evoke catecholamine release from a hemisected adrenal gland. We then utilized fast scanning cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) (Kawagoe et al. 1991; Leszczyszyn et al. 1991) to identify and measure evoked epinephrine and norepinephrine release. Next, we generated a spatial map of epinephrin ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... lower motor neuron axon extends uninterrupted from the spinal cord to one or more muscle fibers (figure 18.1). The impulses conducted by these motor neurons stimulate skeletal muscle fibers, causing them to contract. Contraction continues until neuron impulses cease to stimulate the muscle fiber. By ...
... lower motor neuron axon extends uninterrupted from the spinal cord to one or more muscle fibers (figure 18.1). The impulses conducted by these motor neurons stimulate skeletal muscle fibers, causing them to contract. Contraction continues until neuron impulses cease to stimulate the muscle fiber. By ...
Print
... 221, 222, 236, 239). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in discrete regions and cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) (see also sect. III) but are also present at significant densities in a variety of periphera ...
... 221, 222, 236, 239). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in discrete regions and cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) (see also sect. III) but are also present at significant densities in a variety of periphera ...
Table of Contents
... are mediated by the GABAA receptor, a GABA-gated chloride channel (Schofield et al., 1987). In vertebrate neurons, chloride ions are pumped out of the cell; thus, activation of GABA receptors will permit chloride to diffuse into the cell, hyperpolarize the membrane and decrease the excitability of t ...
... are mediated by the GABAA receptor, a GABA-gated chloride channel (Schofield et al., 1987). In vertebrate neurons, chloride ions are pumped out of the cell; thus, activation of GABA receptors will permit chloride to diffuse into the cell, hyperpolarize the membrane and decrease the excitability of t ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.