Neuron
... were not distinguished in these studies; therefore, the neuronal activity that would have transiently emerged in the shift trials was not addressed. This might be partly because animals often have difficulty promptly shifting their cognitive sets under experimental conditions (Asaad et al., 2000; Ma ...
... were not distinguished in these studies; therefore, the neuronal activity that would have transiently emerged in the shift trials was not addressed. This might be partly because animals often have difficulty promptly shifting their cognitive sets under experimental conditions (Asaad et al., 2000; Ma ...
$doc.title
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
... strategy approach to maximize reward and minimize costs; otherwise, competitive opponents can exploit predictable choice patterns. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the frontal eye field (FEF) are involved ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... However, animals and humans with basal ganglia dysfunctions show deficits that may not simply be classified as movement disorders. For example, animals with large lesions in the striatum may ignore a moving object or obsessively follow it (Denny-Brown, 1962). Patients with Parkinson’s disease may have ...
... However, animals and humans with basal ganglia dysfunctions show deficits that may not simply be classified as movement disorders. For example, animals with large lesions in the striatum may ignore a moving object or obsessively follow it (Denny-Brown, 1962). Patients with Parkinson’s disease may have ...
Segundo trabajo
... GDNF-mediated stimulation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway promotes the arborization, but not the maturation, of GABA- and calbindin-positive striatal neurons We studied whether GDNF induces GABA and calbindin phenotypes, and the differentiation of these neuronal populations. The number of GABA-positive ...
... GDNF-mediated stimulation of the p42/p44 MAPK pathway promotes the arborization, but not the maturation, of GABA- and calbindin-positive striatal neurons We studied whether GDNF induces GABA and calbindin phenotypes, and the differentiation of these neuronal populations. The number of GABA-positive ...
Document
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... within the pineal organ, BMP and Notch activity regulates the decision between photoreceptor and projection neuron cell fates (Cau et al., 2008; Quillien et al., 2011). On the other hand, assignment of pineal versus parapineal cell fates seems to be largely governed by two transcription factors: Flh ...
... within the pineal organ, BMP and Notch activity regulates the decision between photoreceptor and projection neuron cell fates (Cau et al., 2008; Quillien et al., 2011). On the other hand, assignment of pineal versus parapineal cell fates seems to be largely governed by two transcription factors: Flh ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... electrophysiological properties recorded in in vitro experiments is more limited. Three types of neurons have been described on the basis of their membrane properties (A-current type, low-threshold spikes type and mixed A-current plus LTS type; Leonard and Llinas, 1994; Takakusaki et al., 1997; Sai ...
... electrophysiological properties recorded in in vitro experiments is more limited. Three types of neurons have been described on the basis of their membrane properties (A-current type, low-threshold spikes type and mixed A-current plus LTS type; Leonard and Llinas, 1994; Takakusaki et al., 1997; Sai ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... Responses to sound by tonically active neurons (TANs), a class of neurons in the primate striatum, were recorded through a tungsten wire electrode during the application of either D1- or D2-class DA receptor antagonists (total volume õ1 ml, at a rate of 1 ml/5– 10 min). Application of the D2-class a ...
... Responses to sound by tonically active neurons (TANs), a class of neurons in the primate striatum, were recorded through a tungsten wire electrode during the application of either D1- or D2-class DA receptor antagonists (total volume õ1 ml, at a rate of 1 ml/5– 10 min). Application of the D2-class a ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... We collected antisera to different biogenic amines from various suppliers (listed below) and tested them primarily for their staining of mono-aminergic neurons in the nervous system of the beetle (Table 1.). It appeared that the antisera to serotonin were among the few staining neurons in the brain. ...
... We collected antisera to different biogenic amines from various suppliers (listed below) and tested them primarily for their staining of mono-aminergic neurons in the nervous system of the beetle (Table 1.). It appeared that the antisera to serotonin were among the few staining neurons in the brain. ...
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1
... The CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons are the major principal cell types of the hippocampus proper. The strongly recurrent collateral system of CA3 cells and the largely parallel-organized CA1 neurons suggest that these regions perform distinct computations. However, a comprehensive comparison between C ...
... The CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons are the major principal cell types of the hippocampus proper. The strongly recurrent collateral system of CA3 cells and the largely parallel-organized CA1 neurons suggest that these regions perform distinct computations. However, a comprehensive comparison between C ...
Generation of Theta and Gamma Rhythms in the Hippocampus
... of interneurons by pyramidal cells was blocked by NMDA and non-NMDA antagonists. However, given that pharmacological doses of drugs are needed to induce the in vitro rhythm, and that the physiology in vitro and in vivo are different (below), the physiological relevance of the in vitro 40 Hz rhythm r ...
... of interneurons by pyramidal cells was blocked by NMDA and non-NMDA antagonists. However, given that pharmacological doses of drugs are needed to induce the in vitro rhythm, and that the physiology in vitro and in vivo are different (below), the physiological relevance of the in vitro 40 Hz rhythm r ...
melanogaster
... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
... exhibit a boost in their response to visual motion during ight compared to quiescence. Pharmacological application of octopamine evokes responses in quiescent ies that mimic those observed during ight, and octopamine neurons that project to the optic lobes increase in activity during ight. Using ...
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
... the data from Rizzolatti et al. 1987 recording 216 neurons from the F5 sector of the frontal cortex of three monkeys. The data showed that the vast majority of the recorded neurons in F5 (193/216, 89%) responded selectively to motor-acts, that is, they fired in correspondence to the appearance of sp ...
... the data from Rizzolatti et al. 1987 recording 216 neurons from the F5 sector of the frontal cortex of three monkeys. The data showed that the vast majority of the recorded neurons in F5 (193/216, 89%) responded selectively to motor-acts, that is, they fired in correspondence to the appearance of sp ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... quantification were blinded before analysis. Statistical analysis. Statistical differences among different mutant lines and across genotypic groups against various measured parameters were determined using one-way or two-way ANOVA (SPSS 13.0), followed by Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing ...
... quantification were blinded before analysis. Statistical analysis. Statistical differences among different mutant lines and across genotypic groups against various measured parameters were determined using one-way or two-way ANOVA (SPSS 13.0), followed by Bonferroni’s correction for multiple testing ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... episodes when the monkey does not know which stimulus will have to be selected for a behavioral response. This result suggests that there is a comparison process that evaluates the value of the colors at the end of the curves, increasing activity at the circle with the higher value. We always placed ...
... episodes when the monkey does not know which stimulus will have to be selected for a behavioral response. This result suggests that there is a comparison process that evaluates the value of the colors at the end of the curves, increasing activity at the circle with the higher value. We always placed ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... channels were activated by passively spread sodium spikes recorded at the same position, and experiments using dual recordings showed that the channels serve to actively dampen back-propagation of somatic sodium spikes. In more distal dendrites, potassium currents were activated by voltage waveforms ...
... channels were activated by passively spread sodium spikes recorded at the same position, and experiments using dual recordings showed that the channels serve to actively dampen back-propagation of somatic sodium spikes. In more distal dendrites, potassium currents were activated by voltage waveforms ...
Magel2 Is Required for Leptin-Mediated Depolarization of POMC
... PWS, but no one knows which gene is important for normal body weight. One of the inactivated genes is called MAGEL2. We previously found that mice missing the equivalent mouse gene, named Magel2, have more fat and are overweight compared to mice with an intact Magel2 gene. In other forms of genetic ...
... PWS, but no one knows which gene is important for normal body weight. One of the inactivated genes is called MAGEL2. We previously found that mice missing the equivalent mouse gene, named Magel2, have more fat and are overweight compared to mice with an intact Magel2 gene. In other forms of genetic ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... Many of the neuronal somas in the aggregates fluoresced when treated with anti-yy-enolase IgG. However, some of the cells in the aggregates reacted with anti-glial fibrillary protein IgG and anti-S-100 (PP) IgG, indicating that the aggregates contained glial cells as well as neurons. Anti-68K-neurof ...
... Many of the neuronal somas in the aggregates fluoresced when treated with anti-yy-enolase IgG. However, some of the cells in the aggregates reacted with anti-glial fibrillary protein IgG and anti-S-100 (PP) IgG, indicating that the aggregates contained glial cells as well as neurons. Anti-68K-neurof ...