Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride
... therapeutic use and index, pharmacokinetics, excipient interactions and reported BE/bioavailability (BA) problems were taken into consideration. Solubility and BA data indicate that ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is a BCS Class IV drug. Therefore, a biowaiver based approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochlori ...
... therapeutic use and index, pharmacokinetics, excipient interactions and reported BE/bioavailability (BA) problems were taken into consideration. Solubility and BA data indicate that ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is a BCS Class IV drug. Therefore, a biowaiver based approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochlori ...
Paediatric formulations of L-arginine for the use in urea cycle disorders
... and wound healing in arginine-deficient rats. This work showed that 1% arginine supplementation of non-deficient rats led to decreased weight loss on the first day post-injury, and increased wound healing in rats subjected to dorsal skin wounding. L-arginine is a basic, genetically coded amino acid ...
... and wound healing in arginine-deficient rats. This work showed that 1% arginine supplementation of non-deficient rats led to decreased weight loss on the first day post-injury, and increased wound healing in rats subjected to dorsal skin wounding. L-arginine is a basic, genetically coded amino acid ...
Active Transport of Fentanyl by the Blood-Brain Barrier1
... cell cultures were washed twice with serum-free BBMEC culture medium. Subsequently, the BBMEC monolayers were incubated with 0.25 ml serum-free BBMEC culture medium containing either 50 nM [3H]fentanyl (0.447 mCi) or 4 mM R123 for 60 min at 37°C. After incubation was complete, the culture media was ...
... cell cultures were washed twice with serum-free BBMEC culture medium. Subsequently, the BBMEC monolayers were incubated with 0.25 ml serum-free BBMEC culture medium containing either 50 nM [3H]fentanyl (0.447 mCi) or 4 mM R123 for 60 min at 37°C. After incubation was complete, the culture media was ...
Aggarwal Shweta et al. IRJP 2013, 4 (2) INTERNATIONAL
... can convert the glucosamine units into a soluble form R– NH3+. A great number of chitosan derivatives have been obtained by grafting new functional groups on the chitosan backbone. The chemical modifications (quaternization, acylation, cyclodextrin, encapsulation, thiolation etc) afford a wide range ...
... can convert the glucosamine units into a soluble form R– NH3+. A great number of chitosan derivatives have been obtained by grafting new functional groups on the chitosan backbone. The chemical modifications (quaternization, acylation, cyclodextrin, encapsulation, thiolation etc) afford a wide range ...
Structure and Function of Thymosin β4
... In order to determine the structure and binding motif of the actin binding site in thymosin β4, mutational analysis was performed. The binding motif observed in virtually all of the β thymosins is 17LKKTET22 and, furthermore, the first three residues are also found in many other actin binding protei ...
... In order to determine the structure and binding motif of the actin binding site in thymosin β4, mutational analysis was performed. The binding motif observed in virtually all of the β thymosins is 17LKKTET22 and, furthermore, the first three residues are also found in many other actin binding protei ...
Two-Piece Hard Capsules for Pharmaceutical
... capsule sizes and their respective fill capacities. Determining the optimal capsule size for a given product is done by first determining the density of the formulation using tapped density for powders and bulk density for pellets and granules. A capsule volume chart (see Table), generally available ...
... capsule sizes and their respective fill capacities. Determining the optimal capsule size for a given product is done by first determining the density of the formulation using tapped density for powders and bulk density for pellets and granules. A capsule volume chart (see Table), generally available ...
Synthetic cannabinoids in herbal products
... status, a recent survey [8] suggest that the use of these products has dropped significantly. However, it is still increasingly popular among users who have to undergo regular urine drug screenings as current screening methods do not detect synthetic cannabinoids. This observation wa ...
... status, a recent survey [8] suggest that the use of these products has dropped significantly. However, it is still increasingly popular among users who have to undergo regular urine drug screenings as current screening methods do not detect synthetic cannabinoids. This observation wa ...
Dosage Adjustment for Cytotoxics in Renal Impairment
... This table is a guide only. Pharmacokinetic, Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC), relevant pharmaceutical company data and various references have been reviewed for each drug. From this information, a recommendation has been suggested. Input of the full clinical picture of the patient should al ...
... This table is a guide only. Pharmacokinetic, Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC), relevant pharmaceutical company data and various references have been reviewed for each drug. From this information, a recommendation has been suggested. Input of the full clinical picture of the patient should al ...
Dosage Adjustment for Cytotoxics in Renal Impairment
... This table is a guide only. Pharmacokinetic, Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC), relevant pharmaceutical company data and various references have been reviewed for each drug. From this information, a recommendation has been suggested. Input of the full clinical picture of the patient should al ...
... This table is a guide only. Pharmacokinetic, Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC), relevant pharmaceutical company data and various references have been reviewed for each drug. From this information, a recommendation has been suggested. Input of the full clinical picture of the patient should al ...
Dosage Adjustment for Cytotoxics in Renal Impairment
... This table is a guide only. Pharmacokinetic, Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC), relevant pharmaceutical company data and various references have been reviewed for each drug. From this information, a recommendation has been suggested. Input of the full clinical picture of the patient should al ...
... This table is a guide only. Pharmacokinetic, Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC), relevant pharmaceutical company data and various references have been reviewed for each drug. From this information, a recommendation has been suggested. Input of the full clinical picture of the patient should al ...
Supramolecularly engineered phospholipids
... therapeutic purposes. Moreover, these pH-sensitive and covalently bonded phospholipids are not easy to be prepared and generally require tedious synthesis work, which prevents them from practical pharmaceutical development. To date, very limited progress has been achieved on the responsive phospholi ...
... therapeutic purposes. Moreover, these pH-sensitive and covalently bonded phospholipids are not easy to be prepared and generally require tedious synthesis work, which prevents them from practical pharmaceutical development. To date, very limited progress has been achieved on the responsive phospholi ...
Localization and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl‐CoA
... SCSb. Taken together, it is clear that a taxonomically broad range of eukaryotes possess two distinct forms of SCSb, suggesting that nucleotide specificity might be deduced by phylogenetic analyses. However, only one type of SCSb was found among the Blastocystis ESTs. The completed genomes of other ...
... SCSb. Taken together, it is clear that a taxonomically broad range of eukaryotes possess two distinct forms of SCSb, suggesting that nucleotide specificity might be deduced by phylogenetic analyses. However, only one type of SCSb was found among the Blastocystis ESTs. The completed genomes of other ...
The molecular mechanisms common polymorphisms diug oxidation--evidence for
... by urinary metabolic ratios after standard doses) represents 3-10°;, of the white populations of Europe and North America and possibly a higher proportion in Orientals. Family studies are consistent with an autosomal recessive inheritance of this deficiency, poor metabolizers being homozygous for a ...
... by urinary metabolic ratios after standard doses) represents 3-10°;, of the white populations of Europe and North America and possibly a higher proportion in Orientals. Family studies are consistent with an autosomal recessive inheritance of this deficiency, poor metabolizers being homozygous for a ...
Diazepam - EWU Institutional Repository
... photosensitivity of Easium® (Diazepam) in various lightening conditions (normal light, 25watt bulb, 40watt bulb, sunlight) was determined. For this purpose, the available brand was chosen i.e. Easium® of OpsoninPharmaLimited. In most cases these products are available in transparent blister packagin ...
... photosensitivity of Easium® (Diazepam) in various lightening conditions (normal light, 25watt bulb, 40watt bulb, sunlight) was determined. For this purpose, the available brand was chosen i.e. Easium® of OpsoninPharmaLimited. In most cases these products are available in transparent blister packagin ...
Recent changes in Europe`s MDMA/ecstasy market
... was associated with several new substances appearing on the MDMA precursor market. In China a new MDMA pre-precursor called PMK-glycidate became available around 2010, revitalising MDMA production in recent years. PMK-glycidate is not derived from safrole and is therefore not vulnerable to natural s ...
... was associated with several new substances appearing on the MDMA precursor market. In China a new MDMA pre-precursor called PMK-glycidate became available around 2010, revitalising MDMA production in recent years. PMK-glycidate is not derived from safrole and is therefore not vulnerable to natural s ...
npr review - Olivamine
... molecular tools, we now know that over 500 different genes of the signaling pathways control any given disease.2 However, most currently available treatments are based on the modulation of a specific single target. Curcumin is a functionally labile molecule with the potential to modulate the biologi ...
... molecular tools, we now know that over 500 different genes of the signaling pathways control any given disease.2 However, most currently available treatments are based on the modulation of a specific single target. Curcumin is a functionally labile molecule with the potential to modulate the biologi ...
Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Zolpidem in Pentobarbital
... chair and placed in the chamber. After 5 min, the house lights and lever lights were illuminated (trial) and responding on one lever (correct lever) avoided electric shock (avoidance response) and extinguished the lights. Responding on the incorrect lever started a 2-s changeover delay during which ...
... chair and placed in the chamber. After 5 min, the house lights and lever lights were illuminated (trial) and responding on one lever (correct lever) avoided electric shock (avoidance response) and extinguished the lights. Responding on the incorrect lever started a 2-s changeover delay during which ...
Blood Coagulation Pathway
... Has many features of an ideal anticoagulant Hepatotoxicity is of concern Newer oral DTIs are being developed (Dabigatran ...
... Has many features of an ideal anticoagulant Hepatotoxicity is of concern Newer oral DTIs are being developed (Dabigatran ...
Bioavailability & Bioequivalence
... with clinical experience / clinical significance Attention should be paid for the absorption rate and total exposure with and without food. Cases when time to peak concentration is important (analgesic) Bioavailability & Bioequivalence, June 2, 2004 ...
... with clinical experience / clinical significance Attention should be paid for the absorption rate and total exposure with and without food. Cases when time to peak concentration is important (analgesic) Bioavailability & Bioequivalence, June 2, 2004 ...
Actavis v ICOS
... There is a debate about claim construction concerning the reference to a maximum total dose per day. There are also issues on infringement which relates only to Actavis and Mylan. One is about whether a threat to infringe has been established and this applies to 181 and 092. The other is about the t ...
... There is a debate about claim construction concerning the reference to a maximum total dose per day. There are also issues on infringement which relates only to Actavis and Mylan. One is about whether a threat to infringe has been established and this applies to 181 and 092. The other is about the t ...
Comparison of Inhaled Corticosteroids: An Update
... It has been well established that chemical changes in the basic corticosteroid molecule produce significant differences in potency, usually measured as binding affinity at the glucocorticoid receptor. The relative receptor affinities are provided in Table 2.2,7,9-14 The affinities have been compiled ...
... It has been well established that chemical changes in the basic corticosteroid molecule produce significant differences in potency, usually measured as binding affinity at the glucocorticoid receptor. The relative receptor affinities are provided in Table 2.2,7,9-14 The affinities have been compiled ...
Azithromycin - Rebound Health
... methyl-substituted nitrogen atom is incorporated into the lactone ring, thus making the lactone ring 15-membered. Azithromycin is used to treat or prevent certain bacterial infections, most often those causing middle ear infections, tonsillitis, throat infections, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, ...
... methyl-substituted nitrogen atom is incorporated into the lactone ring, thus making the lactone ring 15-membered. Azithromycin is used to treat or prevent certain bacterial infections, most often those causing middle ear infections, tonsillitis, throat infections, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, ...
Is ecstasy MDMA? - Department of Psychology
... over the past 30 years. Methods: Surveys into the pharmacological constituents of ecstasy tablets, dosage levels, and empirical reports of their perceived purity, provide the main data for this review. Results: During the 1980s and early 1990s there were few problems with the purity of ecstasy table ...
... over the past 30 years. Methods: Surveys into the pharmacological constituents of ecstasy tablets, dosage levels, and empirical reports of their perceived purity, provide the main data for this review. Results: During the 1980s and early 1990s there were few problems with the purity of ecstasy table ...
Hydrocortisone, Hydrocortisone Acetate, Hydrocortisone
... generally reserved for patients who are unable to take the drug orally or for use in emergency situations. The sodium phosphate and sodium succinate esters of hydrocortisone are absorbed rapidly, and peak plasma concentrations are attained within 1 hour following IM administration. Parenteral inject ...
... generally reserved for patients who are unable to take the drug orally or for use in emergency situations. The sodium phosphate and sodium succinate esters of hydrocortisone are absorbed rapidly, and peak plasma concentrations are attained within 1 hour following IM administration. Parenteral inject ...
Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: An Update on Pharmacology and
... olism of salvinorin A or of other compounds in the plant that exhibit an antidepressant activity. If salvinorin A is metabolized to an either active or inactive metabolite, then the binding affinity and the pharmacological profile studied in vitro are at jeopardy. A further study evaluated the effec ...
... olism of salvinorin A or of other compounds in the plant that exhibit an antidepressant activity. If salvinorin A is metabolized to an either active or inactive metabolite, then the binding affinity and the pharmacological profile studied in vitro are at jeopardy. A further study evaluated the effec ...
Drug design
Drug design, sometimes referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. The drug is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a therapeutic benefit to the patient. In the most basic sense, drug design involves the design of molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the biomolecular target with which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. Finally, drug design that relies on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biomolecular target is known as structure-based drug design. In addition to small molecules, biopharmaceuticals and especially therapeutic antibodies are an increasingly important class of drugs and computational methods for improving the affinity, selectivity, and stability of these protein-based therapeutics have also been developed.The phrase ""drug design"" is to some extent a misnomer. A more accurate term is ligand design (i.e., design of a molecule that will bind tightly to its target). Although design techniques for prediction of binding affinity are reasonably successful, there are many other properties, such as bioavailability, metabolic half-life, side effects, etc., that first must be optimized before a ligand can become a safe and efficacious drug. These other characteristics are often difficult to predict with rational design techniques. Nevertheless, due to high attrition rates, especially during clinical phases of drug development, more attention is being focused early in the drug design process on selecting candidate drugs whose physicochemical properties are predicted to result in fewer complications during development and hence more likely to lead to an approved, marketed drug. Furthermore, in vitro experiments complemented with computation methods are increasingly used in early drug discovery to select compounds with more favorable ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and toxicological profiles.