Roman et al. 2014
... “Whale pump” (N released at the surface in the Gulf of Maine), and “Whale falls” (C exported whale’s total metabolic rate is to sea floor) are from original sources (Alter et al. 2007; Pershing et al. 2010; Roman and high, one consequence of its McCarthy 2010). Predation pressure is measured as the ...
... “Whale pump” (N released at the surface in the Gulf of Maine), and “Whale falls” (C exported whale’s total metabolic rate is to sea floor) are from original sources (Alter et al. 2007; Pershing et al. 2010; Roman and high, one consequence of its McCarthy 2010). Predation pressure is measured as the ...
Annotated Bibliography on Ecological Intensification
... 2011, Bommarco et al. 2013) have highlighted that it is both possible and highly advantageous to address future needs by transitioning to systems of food production that are based on “ecological intensification”—using land, water, biodiversity and nutrients efficiently and in ways that are regenerat ...
... 2011, Bommarco et al. 2013) have highlighted that it is both possible and highly advantageous to address future needs by transitioning to systems of food production that are based on “ecological intensification”—using land, water, biodiversity and nutrients efficiently and in ways that are regenerat ...
Connectivity at the Land-Water Interface
... frameworks in which to view habitat linkages generally (and those at the landwater interface specifically), and use one of them to provide examples of how these linkages have ramifying effects that can fundamentally structure both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We will then demonstrate the imp ...
... frameworks in which to view habitat linkages generally (and those at the landwater interface specifically), and use one of them to provide examples of how these linkages have ramifying effects that can fundamentally structure both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We will then demonstrate the imp ...
The distribution of deer biomass in North America supports the
... that observed in the moose range (62 kg km72), because there are many deer species in this part of the continent, and equilibrium density appears higher in multispecies assemblages than when wolves prey on only one deer species (CreÃte & Manseau 1996). The increased monopolization of ecosystem energ ...
... that observed in the moose range (62 kg km72), because there are many deer species in this part of the continent, and equilibrium density appears higher in multispecies assemblages than when wolves prey on only one deer species (CreÃte & Manseau 1996). The increased monopolization of ecosystem energ ...
Experimental evaluation of evolution and coevolution
... known about the role of coevolution in shaping ecosystem function. Here, we experimentally evaluated the relative effects of species invasion (a traditional ecological effect), evolution and coevolution on ecosystem processes in Trinidadian streams. We manipulated the presence and population-of-orig ...
... known about the role of coevolution in shaping ecosystem function. Here, we experimentally evaluated the relative effects of species invasion (a traditional ecological effect), evolution and coevolution on ecosystem processes in Trinidadian streams. We manipulated the presence and population-of-orig ...
Ecological Effects of Pesticides
... recognizable structure and function, and matter and energy are exchanged and cycled through the ecosystem. Over time, better adapted species come to dominate; entirely new species may change, perhaps in a new or altered ecosystem. 1.2 The organisation in ecosystems The basic level of ecological orga ...
... recognizable structure and function, and matter and energy are exchanged and cycled through the ecosystem. Over time, better adapted species come to dominate; entirely new species may change, perhaps in a new or altered ecosystem. 1.2 The organisation in ecosystems The basic level of ecological orga ...
Teachers` notes
... The amount of readily available nitrogen in the environment would naturally be a highly conserved cycle and normally nitrogen would be a limiting resource in different habitats. Over the last 300 years the amount of available nitrogen has shown huge increases due to an increase in fossil fuel burnin ...
... The amount of readily available nitrogen in the environment would naturally be a highly conserved cycle and normally nitrogen would be a limiting resource in different habitats. Over the last 300 years the amount of available nitrogen has shown huge increases due to an increase in fossil fuel burnin ...
MB_18_win
... • Control of Internal Conditions – Conformers are organisms that do not regulate their internal conditions; they change as their external environment changes. – Regulators use energy to control some of their internal conditions. ...
... • Control of Internal Conditions – Conformers are organisms that do not regulate their internal conditions; they change as their external environment changes. – Regulators use energy to control some of their internal conditions. ...
Grades 9-12 Teacher Guide
... the high school level. Ecology CLEs are the primary targets. Nature Unbound does not teach basic biology course concepts but rather builds on the foundation of prior knowledge achieved by students in biology. Lessons with activities for teaching each chapter in the student book are provided (see ...
... the high school level. Ecology CLEs are the primary targets. Nature Unbound does not teach basic biology course concepts but rather builds on the foundation of prior knowledge achieved by students in biology. Lessons with activities for teaching each chapter in the student book are provided (see ...
Systems Lesson Plan Revised
... Water also moves through soil pores independently of gravity. This movement can occur via capillary action, in which water molecules move because they are more attracted to the pore walls than to one another. Such movement tends to occur from wetter to drier areas of the soil. The movement from soil ...
... Water also moves through soil pores independently of gravity. This movement can occur via capillary action, in which water molecules move because they are more attracted to the pore walls than to one another. Such movement tends to occur from wetter to drier areas of the soil. The movement from soil ...
PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND ENERGY FLOW
... ¾ Reduced self-shading ¾ Improved water balance due to reduced leaf area ...
... ¾ Reduced self-shading ¾ Improved water balance due to reduced leaf area ...
Ecosystem services from Environmental Stewardship that benefit
... services of benefit to agricultural production, though relatively few options have been designed specifically with this purpose in mind. Exceptions are options to reduce soil erosion, nectar mixtures targeted at the enhancement of pollination services, and beetle banks (specifically designed to bene ...
... services of benefit to agricultural production, though relatively few options have been designed specifically with this purpose in mind. Exceptions are options to reduce soil erosion, nectar mixtures targeted at the enhancement of pollination services, and beetle banks (specifically designed to bene ...
Biodiversity, Functioning - School of Natural Resources and
... generation times, or growth rates of dominant organisms. For example, Giller et al. (2004) suggested that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships differ between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems because of more rapid turnover of material and individuals in aquatic systems. However, despite ...
... generation times, or growth rates of dominant organisms. For example, Giller et al. (2004) suggested that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships differ between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems because of more rapid turnover of material and individuals in aquatic systems. However, despite ...
2.86 MB - Participate Melbourne
... Healthy ecosystems and rich biodiversity are vital for the liveability and wellbeing of our city. Protecting and enhancing biodiversity will support the health and wellbeing of our community and contribute to effective climate change adaptation actions. The City of Melbourne has developed this strat ...
... Healthy ecosystems and rich biodiversity are vital for the liveability and wellbeing of our city. Protecting and enhancing biodiversity will support the health and wellbeing of our community and contribute to effective climate change adaptation actions. The City of Melbourne has developed this strat ...
The Role of Macroinvertebrates in Stream Ecosystem Function
... Department of Entomology and Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, ...
... Department of Entomology and Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, ...
Taking fungi into account in biodiversity conservation
... the spotlight on the vast diversity of fungi, their crucial roles in terrestrial ecosystems and the ...
... the spotlight on the vast diversity of fungi, their crucial roles in terrestrial ecosystems and the ...
Functional and ecological consequences of saprotrophic fungus
... Saprotrophic fungi are key regulators of nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. They are the primary agents of plant litter decomposition and their hyphal networks, which grow throughout the soil–litter interface, represent highly dynamic channels through which nutrients are readily distributed ...
... Saprotrophic fungi are key regulators of nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. They are the primary agents of plant litter decomposition and their hyphal networks, which grow throughout the soil–litter interface, represent highly dynamic channels through which nutrients are readily distributed ...
Ecological Role of Vertebrate Scavengers
... 6.3 Interkingdom Competition among Vertebrates, Invertebrates, and Microbes Because carcasses represent a rich source of nutrients to any organism that can uti! ize the resource, thcre is a race for organisms to find and consume carrion before other organisms can monopolize it (Janzen 1977). This ra ...
... 6.3 Interkingdom Competition among Vertebrates, Invertebrates, and Microbes Because carcasses represent a rich source of nutrients to any organism that can uti! ize the resource, thcre is a race for organisms to find and consume carrion before other organisms can monopolize it (Janzen 1977). This ra ...
Env Sc chapter 5 revision
... d. Severe drought in large areas of the world has decreased the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere. ____ 10. Which of the following is not a true statement about cellular respiration? a. It is essentially photosynthesis in reverse. b. Oxygen is one of the primary reactant ...
... d. Severe drought in large areas of the world has decreased the amount of carbon dioxide that is released into the atmosphere. ____ 10. Which of the following is not a true statement about cellular respiration? a. It is essentially photosynthesis in reverse. b. Oxygen is one of the primary reactant ...
Get cached
... more formally called euphausiids, are one of the most important primary consumers. Many species of fish, birds, and baleen whales migrate to the Gulf each summer to feed on the dense aggregations of krill. Salmon and other large fish eat the smaller herring and anchovies in addition to krill during ...
... more formally called euphausiids, are one of the most important primary consumers. Many species of fish, birds, and baleen whales migrate to the Gulf each summer to feed on the dense aggregations of krill. Salmon and other large fish eat the smaller herring and anchovies in addition to krill during ...
Plant functional traits and soil carbon sequestration in contrasting
... of carbon loss through respiration. Shoot respiration accounts for most of this difference, because root respiration rates of slow-growing species are high due to their low efficiency of N-acquisition (Lambers et al. 1998). Plant traits involved in carbon and nutrient cycling appear strongly coupled ...
... of carbon loss through respiration. Shoot respiration accounts for most of this difference, because root respiration rates of slow-growing species are high due to their low efficiency of N-acquisition (Lambers et al. 1998). Plant traits involved in carbon and nutrient cycling appear strongly coupled ...
Plant functional traits and soil carbon sequestration in contrasting
... net soil carbon storage by controlling carbon assimilation, its transfer and storage in belowground biomass, and its release from soil through respiration, fire and leaching. However, our mechanistic understanding of these processes is incomplete. Here, we present a mechanistic framework, based on t ...
... net soil carbon storage by controlling carbon assimilation, its transfer and storage in belowground biomass, and its release from soil through respiration, fire and leaching. However, our mechanistic understanding of these processes is incomplete. Here, we present a mechanistic framework, based on t ...
Direct and Indirect Ecosystem Effects of Evolutionary
... and thus represent second- or higher-order effects through which the target species interact with other community members via a shared resource, as in exploitative competition, a common predator or mutualist that influences all of them, or through an induced change in the physical environment, such ...
... and thus represent second- or higher-order effects through which the target species interact with other community members via a shared resource, as in exploitative competition, a common predator or mutualist that influences all of them, or through an induced change in the physical environment, such ...
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.