22 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Motor System in Humans
... example, Jackson (1873) noted that although a single part of the body is represented “preponderating” (sic) in one area of the human precentral gyrus, it is also represented in other parts of the gyrus, though to a different degree and in different combinations with other body parts. Like Sherringto ...
... example, Jackson (1873) noted that although a single part of the body is represented “preponderating” (sic) in one area of the human precentral gyrus, it is also represented in other parts of the gyrus, though to a different degree and in different combinations with other body parts. Like Sherringto ...
Activity of Neurons in Anterior Inferior Temporal Cortex during a
... each of which makes different assumptions about the distributions. In a previous study (Miller et al., 199 1b), we used logistic regression. However, discriminant analysis often does better at discriminating among more than two classes and thus was employed in the present study. We also made use of ...
... each of which makes different assumptions about the distributions. In a previous study (Miller et al., 199 1b), we used logistic regression. However, discriminant analysis often does better at discriminating among more than two classes and thus was employed in the present study. We also made use of ...
Functional Properties of Neurons in Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... latency can cause most of the response to a stimulus of short duration to occur after the presentation is over. We accommodated this in two ways. First, because there is a minimum delay to visual cortex, the time window during which impulses were counted was arranged to lag the presentation by 40 ms ...
... latency can cause most of the response to a stimulus of short duration to occur after the presentation is over. We accommodated this in two ways. First, because there is a minimum delay to visual cortex, the time window during which impulses were counted was arranged to lag the presentation by 40 ms ...
Auditory cortical processing: Binaural interaction in healthy
... described by Diana Deutsch in 1974. In the octave illusion, dichotic tones separated by an octave alternate rapidly between the ears so that when the left ear receives the low tone, the right ear receives the high tone and vice versa. Study II demonstrated that transient 100-ms responses (N100m), ge ...
... described by Diana Deutsch in 1974. In the octave illusion, dichotic tones separated by an octave alternate rapidly between the ears so that when the left ear receives the low tone, the right ear receives the high tone and vice versa. Study II demonstrated that transient 100-ms responses (N100m), ge ...
Extended PDF
... In contrast to the interaction between task relevance and spatial disparity that was found in parietal areas, we observed a main effect of spatial disparity in low-level visual areas V1 and, marginally significant, in V2 (cf. solid lines are below dotted lines in V1 and V2; Figure 2C; Table 1). Only ...
... In contrast to the interaction between task relevance and spatial disparity that was found in parietal areas, we observed a main effect of spatial disparity in low-level visual areas V1 and, marginally significant, in V2 (cf. solid lines are below dotted lines in V1 and V2; Figure 2C; Table 1). Only ...
Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1
... Despite these challenges, commonalities can be extracted from the results of several studies. First, SF preference is organized into functional domains. Both electrophysiological and imaging studies show consistent clusters (DeAngelis et al. 1999; Everson et al. 1998; Hubener et al. 1997; Issa et al ...
... Despite these challenges, commonalities can be extracted from the results of several studies. First, SF preference is organized into functional domains. Both electrophysiological and imaging studies show consistent clusters (DeAngelis et al. 1999; Everson et al. 1998; Hubener et al. 1997; Issa et al ...
SpinalCord_Nerves_Plexus_Reflexes
... to a nearby sympathetic ganglion. Because these preganglionic axons are myelinated, this branch has a light color and is therefore known as the white ramus. A sympathetic nerve contains preganglionic and postganglionic fibers innervating structures in the thoracic cavity. ...
... to a nearby sympathetic ganglion. Because these preganglionic axons are myelinated, this branch has a light color and is therefore known as the white ramus. A sympathetic nerve contains preganglionic and postganglionic fibers innervating structures in the thoracic cavity. ...
Introduction: Biology Today Chapter 1
... Action potentials propagate to the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex to enable the conscious awareness of limb positions and movements. ...
... Action potentials propagate to the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex to enable the conscious awareness of limb positions and movements. ...
Dual inhibition of the dactyl opener muscle in lobster
... stimulation of the axons of these motoneurons is illustrated by numbered arrows. (1) The axon of OE is stimulated by an electrode placed on the nerve running between the stretcher and opener muscle; this nerve contains the axon of OE (black line) as well as CI (see Results). (2) The axon of OI is st ...
... stimulation of the axons of these motoneurons is illustrated by numbered arrows. (1) The axon of OE is stimulated by an electrode placed on the nerve running between the stretcher and opener muscle; this nerve contains the axon of OE (black line) as well as CI (see Results). (2) The axon of OI is st ...
FACIAL NERVE TRAUMA
... – Portion of the facial nerve traveling from porus acusticus to the meatal foramen of IAC – Travels in the anterior superior portion of the IAC (7-UP, 8-Down) » Posterior superior – superior vestibular nerve » Posterior inferior – inferior vestibular nerve » Anterior inferior – cochlear nerve ...
... – Portion of the facial nerve traveling from porus acusticus to the meatal foramen of IAC – Travels in the anterior superior portion of the IAC (7-UP, 8-Down) » Posterior superior – superior vestibular nerve » Posterior inferior – inferior vestibular nerve » Anterior inferior – cochlear nerve ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials in the Piriform Cortex
... In these equations, W represents the average strength of excitatory synapses arising from cortical pyramidal cells and synapsing on other excitatory neurons. If neuronal output is in spikes/ms, then synaptic strength reflects the change in membrane voltage per spike (mV/ spike) because of the membra ...
... In these equations, W represents the average strength of excitatory synapses arising from cortical pyramidal cells and synapsing on other excitatory neurons. If neuronal output is in spikes/ms, then synaptic strength reflects the change in membrane voltage per spike (mV/ spike) because of the membra ...
PDF Mynark - American Kinesiology Association
... patterns impacting upon the motoneuron. Considering that a typical motoneuron receives input from several thousand sources spread across over 10,000 synapses, it is nearly impossible to completely quantify the input changes over time. However, the following addresses some of the more powerful and be ...
... patterns impacting upon the motoneuron. Considering that a typical motoneuron receives input from several thousand sources spread across over 10,000 synapses, it is nearly impossible to completely quantify the input changes over time. However, the following addresses some of the more powerful and be ...
NIH eRA Commons user name: AM2518 TELEPHONE NUMBER
... Indeed, our pilot data show that neuromodulation of the pre-SMA (supplementary motor area) via TMS was effective in reducing OCD symptoms in medication resistant patients. Here we will examine the neurophysiological and neurochemical correlates of motor circuit dysfunction in OCD, and examine the im ...
... Indeed, our pilot data show that neuromodulation of the pre-SMA (supplementary motor area) via TMS was effective in reducing OCD symptoms in medication resistant patients. Here we will examine the neurophysiological and neurochemical correlates of motor circuit dysfunction in OCD, and examine the im ...
Patterns of sensory intermodality relationships in the cerebral cortex
... from polysensory areas: Do neurons projecting from such areas remain segregated by modality or do they bifurcate to innervate directly two different sensory areas? To answer these questions directly, we employed a doublelabel tracing paradigm, which enabled us to relate, within the same case, the or ...
... from polysensory areas: Do neurons projecting from such areas remain segregated by modality or do they bifurcate to innervate directly two different sensory areas? To answer these questions directly, we employed a doublelabel tracing paradigm, which enabled us to relate, within the same case, the or ...
Electroencephalography - Department of Computational and
... anatomical imaging techniques such as MRI and CT. Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials (EP), which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort (visual, somatosensory, or auditory). Event-related potentials refer to averaged EEG ...
... anatomical imaging techniques such as MRI and CT. Derivatives of the EEG technique include evoked potentials (EP), which involves averaging the EEG activity time-locked to the presentation of a stimulus of some sort (visual, somatosensory, or auditory). Event-related potentials refer to averaged EEG ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... by fishes for predator and prey detection, and social interactions such as courtship and territoriality (see Zelick et al. 1999; Ladich and Myrberg 2006; Myrberg and Lugli 2006). The inner ear of jawed fishes consists of three semicircular canals that serve a vestibular function to encode angular ac ...
... by fishes for predator and prey detection, and social interactions such as courtship and territoriality (see Zelick et al. 1999; Ladich and Myrberg 2006; Myrberg and Lugli 2006). The inner ear of jawed fishes consists of three semicircular canals that serve a vestibular function to encode angular ac ...
Predictions not commands: active inference in the motor system
... how causes interact: e.g. that objects maintain a constant size irrespective of their distance from the observer. This inferential process is fundamentally Bayesian, as it involves the construction of a posterior probability density from a prior distribution over causes and sensory data. The brain c ...
... how causes interact: e.g. that objects maintain a constant size irrespective of their distance from the observer. This inferential process is fundamentally Bayesian, as it involves the construction of a posterior probability density from a prior distribution over causes and sensory data. The brain c ...
Outputs of Radula Mechanoafferent Neurons in Aplysia are
... The transmission of sensory information from the periphery to the nervous system is modulated both at the level of primary sensory afferents (Brooke et al. 1997; Gu and MacDermott 1997; Hill et al. 1997; Passaglia et al. 1998; Pasztor and Macmillan 1990) and at various stages of processing in the CN ...
... The transmission of sensory information from the periphery to the nervous system is modulated both at the level of primary sensory afferents (Brooke et al. 1997; Gu and MacDermott 1997; Hill et al. 1997; Passaglia et al. 1998; Pasztor and Macmillan 1990) and at various stages of processing in the CN ...
Acceleration of visually cued conditioned fear through the
... of the immediate early gene Fos, an indirect marker of neural activity (Fig. 4a–c,e). After one session of fear conditioning, both sham lesion (n = 3) and rewired light-conditioned mice (n = 3) had high c-fos expression in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, but the lightconditioned rewired mic ...
... of the immediate early gene Fos, an indirect marker of neural activity (Fig. 4a–c,e). After one session of fear conditioning, both sham lesion (n = 3) and rewired light-conditioned mice (n = 3) had high c-fos expression in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, but the lightconditioned rewired mic ...
Corina Wirth and Hans
... First, a pharmacological analysis of the sLFPs recorded by the individual MEA electrodes will be presented and the excitatory and inhibitory signal components will be determined. Second, evidence that the early excitatory and inhibitory activity remains confined to the barrel borders will be shown. ...
... First, a pharmacological analysis of the sLFPs recorded by the individual MEA electrodes will be presented and the excitatory and inhibitory signal components will be determined. Second, evidence that the early excitatory and inhibitory activity remains confined to the barrel borders will be shown. ...
electrophysiological studies of rat substantia nigra neurons in an in
... observed at this stage. Changes in electrical membrane properties of substantia nigra neurons after middle cerebral artery occlusion Intracellular recordings were obtained from electrophysiologically identified SNR GABAergic and SNC dopaminergic neurons from sham, intact and MCA-occluded rats. No si ...
... observed at this stage. Changes in electrical membrane properties of substantia nigra neurons after middle cerebral artery occlusion Intracellular recordings were obtained from electrophysiologically identified SNR GABAergic and SNC dopaminergic neurons from sham, intact and MCA-occluded rats. No si ...
Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for
... maintain the same eye position. After this delay, the fixation spot reappeared, requiring the monkey to maintain fixation on the central spot for another 500 ms. A liquid reward was then given. The fixation-blink task served only as a control to keep the monkey fixating in the absence of a visual st ...
... maintain the same eye position. After this delay, the fixation spot reappeared, requiring the monkey to maintain fixation on the central spot for another 500 ms. A liquid reward was then given. The fixation-blink task served only as a control to keep the monkey fixating in the absence of a visual st ...
The role of neuronal synchronization in selective attention
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...
... change had occurred. This finding suggests that the processing or the signalling of a sensory change is more efficient when it is handled by an area that is engaged in enhanced gamma-band synchronization [6]. Importantly, the influence of local synchronization of behavioural responses was spatiall ...