Lecture Powerpoint: Ch. 6
... Figure 6.9 Tolman and Honzik's Maze Trials. Graph from Tolman and Honzik's classic study of latent learning in rats. Pay particular attention to the blue line. The rats in this group weren't reinforced until day 11; note the sudden drop in the number of their errors on receiving reinforcement. The ...
... Figure 6.9 Tolman and Honzik's Maze Trials. Graph from Tolman and Honzik's classic study of latent learning in rats. Pay particular attention to the blue line. The rats in this group weren't reinforced until day 11; note the sudden drop in the number of their errors on receiving reinforcement. The ...
CHAPTER 6 - LEARNING - EXAM
... ____ 30. When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus it is called a. punishment b. positive reinforcement c. negative reinforcement d. secondary reinforcement ____ 31. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? a. grounding a tee ...
... ____ 30. When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus it is called a. punishment b. positive reinforcement c. negative reinforcement d. secondary reinforcement ____ 31. Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? a. grounding a tee ...
The Roles of Dopamine - ETH E
... latency of dopamine response would be too short to signal reward. We argue against this view of Redgrave and colleagues. Neural activities in cortical and subcortical areas reflect the anticipated future visual image before a saccade is elicited (Ross et al., 2001). Therefore, these representations ...
... latency of dopamine response would be too short to signal reward. We argue against this view of Redgrave and colleagues. Neural activities in cortical and subcortical areas reflect the anticipated future visual image before a saccade is elicited (Ross et al., 2001). Therefore, these representations ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... (black screen). The videos were displayed centrally at 10 ⫻ 6.6°, and the audio track was played at ⬃72 dB (as measured by a sound-level meter at 94 cm; C-weighted). In the visual conditions, the monkeys were required to view the video for its duration by restricting their eye movements to within th ...
... (black screen). The videos were displayed centrally at 10 ⫻ 6.6°, and the audio track was played at ⬃72 dB (as measured by a sound-level meter at 94 cm; C-weighted). In the visual conditions, the monkeys were required to view the video for its duration by restricting their eye movements to within th ...
Conditional Stimulus Informativeness Governs Conditioned Stimulus
... mation conveyed is the difference between the entropy of the probability distribution before CS onset and the entropy of the distribution after CS onset. When both C and T are approximately exponentially distributed, then the information in bits provided by CS onset is log2共C /T 兲. However, in the ...
... mation conveyed is the difference between the entropy of the probability distribution before CS onset and the entropy of the distribution after CS onset. When both C and T are approximately exponentially distributed, then the information in bits provided by CS onset is log2共C /T 兲. However, in the ...
Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity Requirements to
... We define a measure of pair selectivity at the neuronal level, and measure the distribution of selectivity across cells before and after training. When comparing multiple networks, we use the mean of the stimulus-pair selectivity across cells. In order to determine whether or not the information abo ...
... We define a measure of pair selectivity at the neuronal level, and measure the distribution of selectivity across cells before and after training. When comparing multiple networks, we use the mean of the stimulus-pair selectivity across cells. In order to determine whether or not the information abo ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
Constructivist Framework for Understanding Pain
... neurophysiological pain research, however, has determined that nociceptive traffic reaches the hypothalamus and the reticular formation as well as the somatosensory cortex (Burstein, Cliffer and Giesler, 1988; Burstein et al., 1991; Willis and Westlund, 1997). A substantial body of research on pain ...
... neurophysiological pain research, however, has determined that nociceptive traffic reaches the hypothalamus and the reticular formation as well as the somatosensory cortex (Burstein, Cliffer and Giesler, 1988; Burstein et al., 1991; Willis and Westlund, 1997). A substantial body of research on pain ...
Learning
... •Operant behaviors are different from the responses involved in classical conditioning –They are voluntarily emitted –Those involved in classical conditioning are elicited by stimuli. ...
... •Operant behaviors are different from the responses involved in classical conditioning –They are voluntarily emitted –Those involved in classical conditioning are elicited by stimuli. ...
Chapter 6
... • Early behaviorist approach was known as S-R (stimulus-response) psychology • Assumed relatively automatic formation of bonds between S and R ...
... • Early behaviorist approach was known as S-R (stimulus-response) psychology • Assumed relatively automatic formation of bonds between S and R ...
Domjan (2005) - pm.appstate.edu
... Pavlovian conditioning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied learning paradigms. The paradigm basically involves two stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits vigorous responding without any special prior training, or unconditionally. Because of that, the US originally was labeled ...
... Pavlovian conditioning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied learning paradigms. The paradigm basically involves two stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits vigorous responding without any special prior training, or unconditionally. Because of that, the US originally was labeled ...
Mechanisms of Neuronal Computation in Mammalian Visual Cortex
... Models of Orientation Selectivity Few computational models have the elegance, simplicity, and longevity of Hubel and Wiesel’s proposal for how the cortical circuit generates orientation selectivity. In their 1962 paper, they proposed that a simple cell becomes orientation selective by virtue of the ...
... Models of Orientation Selectivity Few computational models have the elegance, simplicity, and longevity of Hubel and Wiesel’s proposal for how the cortical circuit generates orientation selectivity. In their 1962 paper, they proposed that a simple cell becomes orientation selective by virtue of the ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... systematic differences across the various classes of taste stimuli, implying that the temporal characteristics of a response can convey information about a taste stimulus. Studies of temporal coding in the gustatory system have grappled with several unique methodological challenges, including the qu ...
... systematic differences across the various classes of taste stimuli, implying that the temporal characteristics of a response can convey information about a taste stimulus. Studies of temporal coding in the gustatory system have grappled with several unique methodological challenges, including the qu ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... rest of the range, light adaptation adjusts the sensitivity of neurons through normalization (FIG. 2a), resulting in responses that represent contrast (deviations from the mean over recent time and local space) rather than absolute intensities. Photoreceptor responses increase with the intensity of ...
... rest of the range, light adaptation adjusts the sensitivity of neurons through normalization (FIG. 2a), resulting in responses that represent contrast (deviations from the mean over recent time and local space) rather than absolute intensities. Photoreceptor responses increase with the intensity of ...
Membrane Properties Underlying the Firing of Neurons in the Avian
... a frequency response of 44 kHz. Data were digitized off line and stored on a computer for further analysis. The times of occurrences of action potentials were identified with an amplitude window discriminator. Threshold for detection of action potential occurrences was set to approximately 60-75% of ...
... a frequency response of 44 kHz. Data were digitized off line and stored on a computer for further analysis. The times of occurrences of action potentials were identified with an amplitude window discriminator. Threshold for detection of action potential occurrences was set to approximately 60-75% of ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... In the memory-guided saccade task (Fig. 1A), monkeys were required to fixate a central fixation spot for a variable interval (1,000 –1,300 ms), maintain central fixation while a peripheral target was briefly flashed, wait for a variable interval (700 –1,000 ms) until the central fixation point extin ...
... In the memory-guided saccade task (Fig. 1A), monkeys were required to fixate a central fixation spot for a variable interval (1,000 –1,300 ms), maintain central fixation while a peripheral target was briefly flashed, wait for a variable interval (700 –1,000 ms) until the central fixation point extin ...
Avoidance Conditioning
... Classical and operant conditioning often take place in the same situation. We saw this in Rescorla’s fear conditioning experiment: Presenting a CS while dogs jumped back and forth to avoid shock increased or decreased the rate of jumping. In Rescorla’s experiment, the avoidance procedure (operant co ...
... Classical and operant conditioning often take place in the same situation. We saw this in Rescorla’s fear conditioning experiment: Presenting a CS while dogs jumped back and forth to avoid shock increased or decreased the rate of jumping. In Rescorla’s experiment, the avoidance procedure (operant co ...
Transitional Probabilities Are Prioritized over Stimulus/Pattern
... (Sussman et al., 1998, 2002). If deviance detection were based on low-probability patterns, then the first-tone and the reversal deviant should be detected with the same timing, as both begin with a different tone than the standard. Further, the reversal deviant should produce the best behavioral de ...
... (Sussman et al., 1998, 2002). If deviance detection were based on low-probability patterns, then the first-tone and the reversal deviant should be detected with the same timing, as both begin with a different tone than the standard. Further, the reversal deviant should produce the best behavioral de ...
Negatively-Correlated Firing - Department of Computer Science
... In order to effectively evaluate the performance of a network model on a given task, it is necessary to be able to convert the network’s output back into the domain of the task. In the case of our model using spiking neurons to perform the tracking task, this means we have to address the issue of ne ...
... In order to effectively evaluate the performance of a network model on a given task, it is necessary to be able to convert the network’s output back into the domain of the task. In the case of our model using spiking neurons to perform the tracking task, this means we have to address the issue of ne ...
Dissociable Functions in the Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex
... two arrays of coloured balls and requires them to work out the minimum number of moves required to transform one array into the other according to certain pre-specified rules. The study of performance feedback used a variant of this task with several additional constraints. Firstly, subjects were pr ...
... two arrays of coloured balls and requires them to work out the minimum number of moves required to transform one array into the other according to certain pre-specified rules. The study of performance feedback used a variant of this task with several additional constraints. Firstly, subjects were pr ...
Why do octaves sound the same?
... Most psychoacoustic literature explores relationships among pitches that vary within one octave, or perhaps a tone higher or lower; scientists seem to not have been interested in these larger multi-octave intervals. Yet our perception of these tones is extremely relevant to discovering the nature of ...
... Most psychoacoustic literature explores relationships among pitches that vary within one octave, or perhaps a tone higher or lower; scientists seem to not have been interested in these larger multi-octave intervals. Yet our perception of these tones is extremely relevant to discovering the nature of ...
NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS NEURONAL ACTIVITY DURING A
... enhancement of instrumental responding in a Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer task (Hall, Parkinson, Connor, Dickinson, & Everitt, 2001). Indeed, animals with NAc lesions, even if made after FOC, are unable to use the motivational value of a CS to acquire and express new responses in SOC (McDannal ...
... enhancement of instrumental responding in a Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer task (Hall, Parkinson, Connor, Dickinson, & Everitt, 2001). Indeed, animals with NAc lesions, even if made after FOC, are unable to use the motivational value of a CS to acquire and express new responses in SOC (McDannal ...
A visual processing task: Retina and V1
... stages in the brain. Our retina sends some 106 axons, with maybe some 10 bits/sec each. Yet, consciously we process much less information (estimate are about 100 bits/sec). These properties of the input are so called second order statistics, as the calculation of the correlation uses terms such as ⟨ ...
... stages in the brain. Our retina sends some 106 axons, with maybe some 10 bits/sec each. Yet, consciously we process much less information (estimate are about 100 bits/sec). These properties of the input are so called second order statistics, as the calculation of the correlation uses terms such as ⟨ ...