Psychotherapy Integration via Theoretical Unification Warren W. Tryon
... plasticity (Bear, Connors, & Paradiso, 2007) mechanisms that explain learning as the result of memory formation (Carlson, 2010). These mechanisms also explain why reinforcers strengthen behavior and how and why shaping via variation and selection works. The APS clinical orientation is therefore full ...
... plasticity (Bear, Connors, & Paradiso, 2007) mechanisms that explain learning as the result of memory formation (Carlson, 2010). These mechanisms also explain why reinforcers strengthen behavior and how and why shaping via variation and selection works. The APS clinical orientation is therefore full ...
Understanding Personality Disorders
... models of personality pathology. 2. Describe basic theoretical models of personality disorder etiology. 3. Identify practical strategies for working with personality-disordered clients. 4. Recognize and learn to cope with countertransference. Copyright 2010, C. Barber, IBP ...
... models of personality pathology. 2. Describe basic theoretical models of personality disorder etiology. 3. Identify practical strategies for working with personality-disordered clients. 4. Recognize and learn to cope with countertransference. Copyright 2010, C. Barber, IBP ...
NORMATIVE AND PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF AVERSIVE
... Classical learning theories of anxiety have been criticized for their failure to capture the full complexity of anxiety disorders. To address this limitation, contemporary learning theories have emerged, which acknowledge organismic factors that affect conditioning in its role in the etiology and ma ...
... Classical learning theories of anxiety have been criticized for their failure to capture the full complexity of anxiety disorders. To address this limitation, contemporary learning theories have emerged, which acknowledge organismic factors that affect conditioning in its role in the etiology and ma ...
Implicit Operant Learning of Pain Sens
... on the phenomenon of “blindsight” [53,272] and on patients with section of the corpus callosum (“split-brain”) [89] showed that some abilities of perception are not necessarily represented verbally. This research showed that perception and discrimination of somatosensory stimuli is possible without ...
... on the phenomenon of “blindsight” [53,272] and on patients with section of the corpus callosum (“split-brain”) [89] showed that some abilities of perception are not necessarily represented verbally. This research showed that perception and discrimination of somatosensory stimuli is possible without ...
Social Referencing as a Learned Process
... :r',ocesses can be problematic even in the newborn, and much more so iI', iile I-year old infant who has served as the typical subject of social referEncing studies. In the absence of information about systematic prenatal experience with a parent, the newborn duckling's filial response to the first ...
... :r',ocesses can be problematic even in the newborn, and much more so iI', iile I-year old infant who has served as the typical subject of social referEncing studies. In the absence of information about systematic prenatal experience with a parent, the newborn duckling's filial response to the first ...
Hannan & Reichardt Differential Diagnosis & Treatment for
... – Addresses the complexities of a problem, considering both subject and environmental variables in an ongoing manner. ...
... – Addresses the complexities of a problem, considering both subject and environmental variables in an ongoing manner. ...
Temporal contingency
... about how many CSs and USs there were, nor whether a given US occurred while the CS was present, so the first cell (a in Table 1) is no problem. All the other cells are problematic, because there is no objectively justifiable answer to the question, “How many not-USs and how many not-CSs were there ...
... about how many CSs and USs there were, nor whether a given US occurred while the CS was present, so the first cell (a in Table 1) is no problem. All the other cells are problematic, because there is no objectively justifiable answer to the question, “How many not-USs and how many not-CSs were there ...
Negative learning bias is associated with risk aversion in
... light-reward pairings (before rats were trained to press a lever for light presentation; Figure 3A; ANOVA: main effect of rat group, F(1,23) = 43.5, P < .0001; main effect of session number, F(4,92) = 25.7, P < .0001; interaction between rat group and session number, F(4,92) = 3.3, P = .01), however ...
... light-reward pairings (before rats were trained to press a lever for light presentation; Figure 3A; ANOVA: main effect of rat group, F(1,23) = 43.5, P < .0001; main effect of session number, F(4,92) = 25.7, P < .0001; interaction between rat group and session number, F(4,92) = 3.3, P = .01), however ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... connections between the amygdala and the ventral striatum provide a major route by which the amygdala can affect motivated behavior. The ventral striatum has been hypothesized to represent potential actions within the behavioral repertoire (Liljeholm and O’Doherty, 2012), from which actions can be s ...
... connections between the amygdala and the ventral striatum provide a major route by which the amygdala can affect motivated behavior. The ventral striatum has been hypothesized to represent potential actions within the behavioral repertoire (Liljeholm and O’Doherty, 2012), from which actions can be s ...
Choice behavior of bees in two
... Conflicting views exist regarding the proximate molecular mechanism that leads to incomplete exclusiveness by foraging bees. According to one view, foraging preferences are formed through associative learning that reflects the bees’ long-term foraging experience. Food sources are chosen in proportio ...
... Conflicting views exist regarding the proximate molecular mechanism that leads to incomplete exclusiveness by foraging bees. According to one view, foraging preferences are formed through associative learning that reflects the bees’ long-term foraging experience. Food sources are chosen in proportio ...
Pavlovian Contingencies and Temporal Information
... Apparatus. The experimental chambers were six standard Lehigh Valley Electronics (Laurel, MD) pigeon conditioning chambers. Each chamber was 30 cm long, 34 cm wide, and 34 cm high. An aluminum wall of the chamber had three response keys, each 2.5 cm in diameter and mounted 25 cm above a mesh floor. ...
... Apparatus. The experimental chambers were six standard Lehigh Valley Electronics (Laurel, MD) pigeon conditioning chambers. Each chamber was 30 cm long, 34 cm wide, and 34 cm high. An aluminum wall of the chamber had three response keys, each 2.5 cm in diameter and mounted 25 cm above a mesh floor. ...
Document
... Answer: D) her height gain outpaces her gains in weight and muscle mass. 1.1-10) An approach that considers development as an interaction of biological, social, and psychological factors is the A) information-processing approach. B) combinational approach. C) biopsychosocial approach. D) behavior ge ...
... Answer: D) her height gain outpaces her gains in weight and muscle mass. 1.1-10) An approach that considers development as an interaction of biological, social, and psychological factors is the A) information-processing approach. B) combinational approach. C) biopsychosocial approach. D) behavior ge ...
Background - Harvard University
... are in Cambridge, walk down Mill Lane, and unfailingly end up in the Mill pub by the river Cam. The known attraction inducing the pleasant anticipation is a pint of Hobgoblin. Hobgoblin’s provocative ad reads something like “What’s the matter Lager boy, afraid you might taste something?” and refers ...
... are in Cambridge, walk down Mill Lane, and unfailingly end up in the Mill pub by the river Cam. The known attraction inducing the pleasant anticipation is a pint of Hobgoblin. Hobgoblin’s provocative ad reads something like “What’s the matter Lager boy, afraid you might taste something?” and refers ...
Conditional Stimulus Informativeness Governs Conditioned Stimulus
... informativeness, the degree to which CS onset reduces the average expected time to onset of the next US. The second depends only on how precisely a subject can represent a fixed-duration interval (the temporal Weber fraction). In three experiments with mice, we tested the differential impact of thes ...
... informativeness, the degree to which CS onset reduces the average expected time to onset of the next US. The second depends only on how precisely a subject can represent a fixed-duration interval (the temporal Weber fraction). In three experiments with mice, we tested the differential impact of thes ...
FREE Sample Here - Find the cheapest test bank for your
... Test-Bank-for-A-Childs-World-13th-Edition-by-Martorell 30. Marissa really wants to be in the school play but does not enjoy having to memorize lines. Two weeks before the play is scheduled, her father implements a reward system. As soon as Marissa learns her lines, she does not have to help with the ...
... Test-Bank-for-A-Childs-World-13th-Edition-by-Martorell 30. Marissa really wants to be in the school play but does not enjoy having to memorize lines. Two weeks before the play is scheduled, her father implements a reward system. As soon as Marissa learns her lines, she does not have to help with the ...
CHAPTER 6 - LEARNING - EXAM Answer Section
... Ratio schedules always relate to the a. elapsed time between reinforcements b. number of responses given c. number of reinforcements given d. length of the training period A worker gets paid every Friday for completing his 40 hour work week. He is being paid on a ____ schedule. a. fixed-ratio b. var ...
... Ratio schedules always relate to the a. elapsed time between reinforcements b. number of responses given c. number of reinforcements given d. length of the training period A worker gets paid every Friday for completing his 40 hour work week. He is being paid on a ____ schedule. a. fixed-ratio b. var ...
Intelligence by Design - Department of Computer Science
... the extent to which this dissertation is just an expansion on it, despite the conspicuous differences. I’ve never met him, but Toby Tyrrell did an amazing piece of work for his PhD, and I’m deeply indebted to him not only for his research, but for making his code publicly available through internet ...
... the extent to which this dissertation is just an expansion on it, despite the conspicuous differences. I’ve never met him, but Toby Tyrrell did an amazing piece of work for his PhD, and I’m deeply indebted to him not only for his research, but for making his code publicly available through internet ...
Intelligence by Design: Principles of Modularity and Coordination for
... project that I started thinking about specialized learning. I reread that paper a month ago, and I’m amazed the extent to which this dissertation is just an expansion of it, despite the conspicuous differences. I’ve never met him, but Toby Tyrrell did an amazing piece of work for his PhD. I have a d ...
... project that I started thinking about specialized learning. I reread that paper a month ago, and I’m amazed the extent to which this dissertation is just an expansion of it, despite the conspicuous differences. I’ve never met him, but Toby Tyrrell did an amazing piece of work for his PhD. I have a d ...
Protection from extinction
... test assessment. The logic of this design depends on successful transfer of T’s inhibition from the stimulus with which it was trained to the A stimulus during extinction. Earlier work (e.g., Rescorla, 1985) had shown that this transfer could be enhanced if A has a prior history of being inhibited b ...
... test assessment. The logic of this design depends on successful transfer of T’s inhibition from the stimulus with which it was trained to the A stimulus during extinction. Earlier work (e.g., Rescorla, 1985) had shown that this transfer could be enhanced if A has a prior history of being inhibited b ...
Likes by Flavour–Flavour Learning
... food). This region, therefore, has been termed the secondary taste cortex. Rolls and colleagues showed that decreasing the subjective pleasure derived from eating a specific food item through repeated exposure to that food leads to a corresponding decrease in the activation within the OFC when prese ...
... food). This region, therefore, has been termed the secondary taste cortex. Rolls and colleagues showed that decreasing the subjective pleasure derived from eating a specific food item through repeated exposure to that food leads to a corresponding decrease in the activation within the OFC when prese ...
Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae
... habituation as well. (The source of this discrepancy may be the specific NMDAR antagonist used by the two groups; Roberts and colleagues observed that MK801, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, used by Wolman and colleagues, did disrupt rapid habituation, whereas DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid ...
... habituation as well. (The source of this discrepancy may be the specific NMDAR antagonist used by the two groups; Roberts and colleagues observed that MK801, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, used by Wolman and colleagues, did disrupt rapid habituation, whereas DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid ...
Second-order conditioning in Drosophila
... such as a tone or smell) is associated with an unconditioned stimulus (US, such as food or electric shock) to elicit a conditioned response (CR). This conditioned response exhibited by the animal is similar to the unconditioned response (UR) normally elicited by the presentation of the US alone. Onc ...
... such as a tone or smell) is associated with an unconditioned stimulus (US, such as food or electric shock) to elicit a conditioned response (CR). This conditioned response exhibited by the animal is similar to the unconditioned response (UR) normally elicited by the presentation of the US alone. Onc ...
Evidence for the hierarchical structure of instrumental learning
... was programmed to occur with equal likelihood in the presence and absence of the stimulus, thus preventing the stimulus from signaling the occurrence of the outcome. However, the stimulus was arranged to signal a change in the R-O relation: in the absence of the stimulus, the outcome occurred freely ...
... was programmed to occur with equal likelihood in the presence and absence of the stimulus, thus preventing the stimulus from signaling the occurrence of the outcome. However, the stimulus was arranged to signal a change in the R-O relation: in the absence of the stimulus, the outcome occurred freely ...
Psychological behaviorism
Psychological behaviorism is a form of behaviorism - a major theory within psychology which holds that behaviors are learned through positive and negative reinforcements. The theory recommends that psychological concepts (such as personality, learning and emotion) are to be explained in terms of observable behaviors that respond to stimulus. Behaviorism was first developed by John B. Watson (1912), who coined the term ""behaviorism,"" and then B.F. Skinner who developed what is known as ""radical behaviorism."" Watson and Skinner rejected the idea that psychological data could be obtained through introspection or by an attempt to describe consciousness; all psychological data, in their view, was to be derived from the observation of outward behavior. Recently, Arthur W. Staats has proposed a psychological behaviorism - a ""paradigmatic behaviorist theory"" which argues that personality consists of a set of learned behavioral patterns, acquired through the interaction between an individual's biology, environment, cognition, and emotion. Holth also critically reviews psychological behaviorism as a ""path to the grand reunification of psychology and behavior analysis"".Psychological behaviorism’s theory of personality represents one of psychological behaviorism’s central differences from the preceding behaviorism’s; the other parts of the broader approach as they relate to each other will be summarized in the paradigm sections