ch06 - earthjay science
... These differences appear to be a response to changes in the environment and competition for food. © 2013 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ...
... These differences appear to be a response to changes in the environment and competition for food. © 2013 JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ...
How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation?
... and Bird, 2003). This is followed by de novo methylation of the zygotic genome after attachment to the uterine wall (Jaenisch, 1997), with marks then often being stable throughout development. One argument against a major role for epigenetic marks in adaptive evolution is that epigenetic marks are e ...
... and Bird, 2003). This is followed by de novo methylation of the zygotic genome after attachment to the uterine wall (Jaenisch, 1997), with marks then often being stable throughout development. One argument against a major role for epigenetic marks in adaptive evolution is that epigenetic marks are e ...
How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation?
... and Bird, 2003). This is followed by de novo methylation of the zygotic genome after attachment to the uterine wall (Jaenisch, 1997), with marks then often being stable throughout development. One argument against a major role for epigenetic marks in adaptive evolution is that epigenetic marks are e ...
... and Bird, 2003). This is followed by de novo methylation of the zygotic genome after attachment to the uterine wall (Jaenisch, 1997), with marks then often being stable throughout development. One argument against a major role for epigenetic marks in adaptive evolution is that epigenetic marks are e ...
Stewart_Kathryn_A_201302_PhD - QSpace
... Abstract Despite over seven decades of speciation research and 25 years of phylogeographic studies, a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms that generate biological species remains elusive. In temperate zones, the pervasiveness of range fragmentation and subsequent range expansions suggests tha ...
... Abstract Despite over seven decades of speciation research and 25 years of phylogeographic studies, a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms that generate biological species remains elusive. In temperate zones, the pervasiveness of range fragmentation and subsequent range expansions suggests tha ...
Geographic Mode of Speciation and Genomic Divergence
... expected to readily differentiate in many genomic regions via selection, as well as by drift. The above considerations generate the following predictions: (a) Populations undergoing speciation-with-gene-flow should be more sensitive to homogenizing gene flow and physical linkage, resulting in differ ...
... expected to readily differentiate in many genomic regions via selection, as well as by drift. The above considerations generate the following predictions: (a) Populations undergoing speciation-with-gene-flow should be more sensitive to homogenizing gene flow and physical linkage, resulting in differ ...
Evolution, Science, and Society: Evolutionary Biology
... of different lineages from common ancestors. Thus, the history of evolution has two major components: the branching of lineages, and changes within lineages (including extinction). Initially similar species become ever more different, so that over the course of sufficient time, they may come to diff ...
... of different lineages from common ancestors. Thus, the history of evolution has two major components: the branching of lineages, and changes within lineages (including extinction). Initially similar species become ever more different, so that over the course of sufficient time, they may come to diff ...
Repeated evolution of reproductive isolation in a marine snail
... predicted from each of these mechanisms. ...
... predicted from each of these mechanisms. ...
Adaptive divergence, genetic connectivity, and post
... mate recognition (e.g. song production); thereby, divergent niches or habitats can directly select for adaptive divergence in beak dimensions, while indirectly selecting for divergence in mate recognition. The significance of allopatric divergence has been long appreciated; however, the significance ...
... mate recognition (e.g. song production); thereby, divergent niches or habitats can directly select for adaptive divergence in beak dimensions, while indirectly selecting for divergence in mate recognition. The significance of allopatric divergence has been long appreciated; however, the significance ...
What can hybrid zones tell us about speciation?
... 3–4 million years without leading to speciation. To understand the genetics and ecology of speciation it will be valuable to study examples where hybrids are produced, but are rarer than expected under random mating. In these situations, the two parental forms have reached that stage in speciation w ...
... 3–4 million years without leading to speciation. To understand the genetics and ecology of speciation it will be valuable to study examples where hybrids are produced, but are rarer than expected under random mating. In these situations, the two parental forms have reached that stage in speciation w ...
Evolution Exam
... ____ 23. Refer to the illustration above. The similarity of these structures suggests that the organisms a. have a common ancestor. c. evolved slowly. b. all grow at different rates. d. live for a long time. ____ 24. Refer to the illustration above. The bones labeled u are known as a. vestigial stru ...
... ____ 23. Refer to the illustration above. The similarity of these structures suggests that the organisms a. have a common ancestor. c. evolved slowly. b. all grow at different rates. d. live for a long time. ____ 24. Refer to the illustration above. The bones labeled u are known as a. vestigial stru ...
nosil vines funk 2005 evolution
... examining study systems where multiple components of reproductive isolation have been measured and demonstrate that these contributions are frequently greater than those of traditionally recognized reproductive barriers. The relevance of immigrant inviability is further illustrated by a consideratio ...
... examining study systems where multiple components of reproductive isolation have been measured and demonstrate that these contributions are frequently greater than those of traditionally recognized reproductive barriers. The relevance of immigrant inviability is further illustrated by a consideratio ...
genetics and the fitness of hybrids
... alleles with those in any other lineage. Hybridization then produces a vast array of recombinant genotypes that have never before been subjected to selection. On average, these genotypes will be less well adapted than their parents, giving rise to some level of selection against hybrids. Hybrid brea ...
... alleles with those in any other lineage. Hybridization then produces a vast array of recombinant genotypes that have never before been subjected to selection. On average, these genotypes will be less well adapted than their parents, giving rise to some level of selection against hybrids. Hybrid brea ...
An Individual-Based Modeling Approach to Investigate Sympatric
... population might be split into two discrete subpopulations; each specialized on their own particular food resource. Disruptive selection can exert selective pressure against hybrid individuals with an intermediate feeding behavior trait. When selection favors individuals at only the extreme ends of ...
... population might be split into two discrete subpopulations; each specialized on their own particular food resource. Disruptive selection can exert selective pressure against hybrid individuals with an intermediate feeding behavior trait. When selection favors individuals at only the extreme ends of ...
Evolution Unit Practice Exam - Serrano High School AP Biology
... 12) If Darwin had been aware of genes, and of their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement? A) If natural selection can change one gene's frequency in a population over the course of generations then, given enough time ...
... 12) If Darwin had been aware of genes, and of their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement? A) If natural selection can change one gene's frequency in a population over the course of generations then, given enough time ...
Natural selection
... Effects of the random changes in allele frequencies in a gene pool (genetic drift) are unpredictable. ...
... Effects of the random changes in allele frequencies in a gene pool (genetic drift) are unpredictable. ...
Chapters 22-23 Evolution - Seattle Central College
... Darwin and Wallace: Species descend from a common ancestor through changes over time ...
... Darwin and Wallace: Species descend from a common ancestor through changes over time ...
The existence of species rests on a metastable
... impossible". Worthy of note, Darwin must also have had a similar initial intuitions, as can be inferred from the following statement: “At one time it appeared to me probable, as it has to others, that the sterility of first crosses and of hybrids might have been slowly acquired through the natural s ...
... impossible". Worthy of note, Darwin must also have had a similar initial intuitions, as can be inferred from the following statement: “At one time it appeared to me probable, as it has to others, that the sterility of first crosses and of hybrids might have been slowly acquired through the natural s ...
INCREASING STUDENT COMPREHENSION OF EVOLUTIONARY
... Professionally, I would never have been able to do this without the help and guidance of Merle Heidemann. I am also grateful to Chuck Elzinga for instilling a passion within me, not only for the environment and environmental issues, but also for sharing that love with students. I’m thankful for ...
... Professionally, I would never have been able to do this without the help and guidance of Merle Heidemann. I am also grateful to Chuck Elzinga for instilling a passion within me, not only for the environment and environmental issues, but also for sharing that love with students. I’m thankful for ...
Adaptation and The Origin of Species.
... species. As Pfennig and Pfennig (2010) describe, Darwin’s principle of divergence has implications for a number of problems concerning the relationships between adaptation and speciation, particularly the importance of character displacement in adaptive divergence. In chapter 4 of The Origin, Darwin ...
... species. As Pfennig and Pfennig (2010) describe, Darwin’s principle of divergence has implications for a number of problems concerning the relationships between adaptation and speciation, particularly the importance of character displacement in adaptive divergence. In chapter 4 of The Origin, Darwin ...
https://goo.gl/BUXfYV HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY
... The major clades are categorized as clades A, B and the detailed subclades are within. Numbers near nodes are the support values for the clade from the different analyses (ML/BI). The scale bar represents the phylogenetic distances expressed as units of expected nucleotide substitutions per site. Th ...
... The major clades are categorized as clades A, B and the detailed subclades are within. Numbers near nodes are the support values for the clade from the different analyses (ML/BI). The scale bar represents the phylogenetic distances expressed as units of expected nucleotide substitutions per site. Th ...
Darwin Collection - Science
... gamut from barnacles to orchids, from geology to domestication. At the same time, he filled notebooks with his ruminations and scribbled thousands of letters packed with observations and speculations on nature. Yet Darwin dedicated only a few words of his great verbal flood to one of the biggest que ...
... gamut from barnacles to orchids, from geology to domestication. At the same time, he filled notebooks with his ruminations and scribbled thousands of letters packed with observations and speculations on nature. Yet Darwin dedicated only a few words of his great verbal flood to one of the biggest que ...
Punctuated equilibrium in fact and theory
... 1974). In other words, we were told that our primary database contained virtually no examples of the phenomenon we wished to study. This odd situation created no cognitive dissonance within the field, for palaeontologists did have an explanation for why the phenomenon that regulated their record lef ...
... 1974). In other words, we were told that our primary database contained virtually no examples of the phenomenon we wished to study. This odd situation created no cognitive dissonance within the field, for palaeontologists did have an explanation for why the phenomenon that regulated their record lef ...
Evolution of reproductive isolation in plants
... To what extent the relative importance of pre- and postzygotic barriers differ between species with strong premating isolation such as Mimulus (Ramsey et al., 2003; Martin and Willis, 2007), Costus (Kay, 2006) and Penstemon (Chari and Wilson, 2001) on the one hand, and plants that have potentially w ...
... To what extent the relative importance of pre- and postzygotic barriers differ between species with strong premating isolation such as Mimulus (Ramsey et al., 2003; Martin and Willis, 2007), Costus (Kay, 2006) and Penstemon (Chari and Wilson, 2001) on the one hand, and plants that have potentially w ...
Natural selection
... Effects of the random changes in allele frequencies in a gene pool (genetic drift) are unpredictable. ...
... Effects of the random changes in allele frequencies in a gene pool (genetic drift) are unpredictable. ...
Evidence of common descent
Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades and has demonstrated common descent of all life on Earth developing from a last universal ancestor. This evidence explicates that evolution does occur, and is able to show the natural processes by which the biodiversity of life on Earth developed. Additionally, this evidence supports the modern evolutionary synthesis—the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time. Evolutionary biologists document evidence of common descent by making testable predictions, testing hypotheses, and developing theories that illustrate and describe its causes.Comparison of the DNA genetic sequences of organisms has revealed that organisms that are phylogenetically close have a higher degree of DNA sequence similarity than organisms that are phylogenetically distant. Further evidence for common descent comes from genetic detritus such as pseudogenes, regions of DNA that are orthologous to a gene in a related organism, but are no longer active and appear to be undergoing a steady process of degeneration from cumulative mutations.Fossils are important for estimating when various lineages developed in geologic time. As fossilization is an uncommon occurrence, usually requiring hard body parts and death near a site where sediments are being deposited, the fossil record only provides sparse and intermittent information about the evolution of life. Scientific evidence of organisms prior to the development of hard body parts such as shells, bones and teeth is especially scarce, but exists in the form of ancient microfossils, as well as impressions of various soft-bodied organisms. The comparative study of the anatomy of groups of animals shows structural features that are fundamentally similar or homologous, demonstrating phylogenetic and ancestral relationships with other organisms, most especially when compared with fossils of ancient extinct organisms. Vestigial structures and comparisons in embryonic development are largely a contributing factor in anatomical resemblance in concordance with common descent. Since metabolic processes do not leave fossils, research into the evolution of the basic cellular processes is done largely by comparison of existing organisms' physiology and biochemistry. Many lineages diverged at different stages of development, so it is possible to determine when certain metabolic processes appeared by comparing the traits of the descendants of a common ancestor. Universal biochemical organization and molecular variance patterns in all organisms also show a direct correlation with common descent.Further evidence comes from the field of biogeography because evolution with common descent provides the best and most thorough explanation for a variety of facts concerning the geographical distribution of plants and animals across the world. This is especially obvious in the field of insular biogeography. Combined with the theory of plate tectonics common descent provides a way to combine facts about the current distribution of species with evidence from the fossil record to provide a logically consistent explanation of how the distribution of living organisms has changed over time.The development and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria, like the spread of pesticide resistant forms of plants and insects provides evidence that evolution due to natural selection is an ongoing process in the natural world. Alongside this, are observed instances of the separation of populations of species into sets of new species (speciation). Speciation has been observed directly and indirectly in the lab and in nature. Multiple forms of such have been described and documented as examples for individual modes of speciation. Furthermore, evidence of common descent extends from direct laboratory experimentation with the selective breeding of organisms—historically and currently—and other controlled experiments involving many of the topics in the article. This article explains the different types of evidence for evolution with common descent along with many specialized examples of each.