On the basis of animal function
... Probably a single most important tip for the course is to prepare SENTENCES with what you consider are the main “punch lines” for each lecture. You should RANK them in what you consider is a list from most to less important ideas given in each lecture. You should EDIT them, as for example, checking ...
... Probably a single most important tip for the course is to prepare SENTENCES with what you consider are the main “punch lines” for each lecture. You should RANK them in what you consider is a list from most to less important ideas given in each lecture. You should EDIT them, as for example, checking ...
Innervation of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles of the female rat
... readily separated along most of their length. From their origin on the pubic bone to their insertion on the Ca1–Ca2 and Ca3–Ca4 vertebrae, respectively, the coccygeus and pubocaudalis muscles had dorsoventral and dorsocaudal fiber orientations, respectively (Figs. 2 and 3). This difference in fiber or ...
... readily separated along most of their length. From their origin on the pubic bone to their insertion on the Ca1–Ca2 and Ca3–Ca4 vertebrae, respectively, the coccygeus and pubocaudalis muscles had dorsoventral and dorsocaudal fiber orientations, respectively (Figs. 2 and 3). This difference in fiber or ...
Biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms related to
... studies stated that, depending upon the stance conditions, muscle stretch does not necessarily result in a compensatory stretch reflex response but instead results in an antagonistic muscle activation (Gollhofer et al., 1989; Hansen et al., 1988). Based on this, it has been argued that reciprocal pa ...
... studies stated that, depending upon the stance conditions, muscle stretch does not necessarily result in a compensatory stretch reflex response but instead results in an antagonistic muscle activation (Gollhofer et al., 1989; Hansen et al., 1988). Based on this, it has been argued that reciprocal pa ...
Peripheral Neuropathy
... nerves where they emerge from the spinal cord; the removal of benign or malignant tumors can also alleviate damaging pressure on nerves. – Nerve entrapment often can be corrected by the surgical release of ligaments or tendons. ...
... nerves where they emerge from the spinal cord; the removal of benign or malignant tumors can also alleviate damaging pressure on nerves. – Nerve entrapment often can be corrected by the surgical release of ligaments or tendons. ...
BI_231_Laboratory_Packagefall 2011
... gloves or goggles, etc. Upon request, detailed written information is available on every chemical used (MSDS). Ask your instructor. 5. No pen or pencil is to be used at any time on any model or bone. The bones are fragile, hard to replace and used by hundreds of students every year. To protect them ...
... gloves or goggles, etc. Upon request, detailed written information is available on every chemical used (MSDS). Ask your instructor. 5. No pen or pencil is to be used at any time on any model or bone. The bones are fragile, hard to replace and used by hundreds of students every year. To protect them ...
Betz et al
... nerves. Thus, motor terminals sprout if muscles are completely paralysed by blocking neuromuscular transmission with botulinum toxin (Duchen, 1970) or by blocking nerve activity with tetrodotoxin (Brown & Ironton, 1977). In these cases, the sprouting stimulus must come from a different source. Furth ...
... nerves. Thus, motor terminals sprout if muscles are completely paralysed by blocking neuromuscular transmission with botulinum toxin (Duchen, 1970) or by blocking nerve activity with tetrodotoxin (Brown & Ironton, 1977). In these cases, the sprouting stimulus must come from a different source. Furth ...
Gait training facilitates central drive to ankle
... neurological status were evaluated during four separate test sessions at intervals of approximately 1 month. All test sessions took place at the Helene Elsass Centre (www.elsasscen ter.dk; Charlottenlund, Denmark). The first testing session was carried out approximately 1 month before gait training c ...
... neurological status were evaluated during four separate test sessions at intervals of approximately 1 month. All test sessions took place at the Helene Elsass Centre (www.elsasscen ter.dk; Charlottenlund, Denmark). The first testing session was carried out approximately 1 month before gait training c ...
Long-term neural recording characteristics of wire microelectrode
... The microwire is cut into eleven 8-cm segments. Approximately 2 mm of insulation is removed from one end of each wire using a brief flame. Each wire is then soldered into separate slots of a standard 12-pin sub-miniature connector. An un-insulated Ž0.01 in. stainless-steel. ground wire is soldered i ...
... The microwire is cut into eleven 8-cm segments. Approximately 2 mm of insulation is removed from one end of each wire using a brief flame. Each wire is then soldered into separate slots of a standard 12-pin sub-miniature connector. An un-insulated Ž0.01 in. stainless-steel. ground wire is soldered i ...
Facial Nerve Palsy
... compared to those of the normal side indicates the relative number of nerve fibers responding to stimulation and the degree of nerve degeneration. iii. If nerve conduction is neuropraxic, response is positive; if nerve conduction is degenerated, response is absent. iv. Sectioned nerve can still be s ...
... compared to those of the normal side indicates the relative number of nerve fibers responding to stimulation and the degree of nerve degeneration. iii. If nerve conduction is neuropraxic, response is positive; if nerve conduction is degenerated, response is absent. iv. Sectioned nerve can still be s ...
Inducing Any Virtual Two-Dimensional Movement in Humans by
... previously experienced kinesthetic illusions during muscle tendon vibration. All the participants gave their informed consent to the procedure as required by the Helsinki declaration. This study was approved by the local ethics committee (CCPPRB, Marseille I). The participants were comfortably seate ...
... previously experienced kinesthetic illusions during muscle tendon vibration. All the participants gave their informed consent to the procedure as required by the Helsinki declaration. This study was approved by the local ethics committee (CCPPRB, Marseille I). The participants were comfortably seate ...
The Trigeminal and Facial Nerves
... motor axons, while the latency shows the distal conduction time of the fastest fibers. Onset latency tends to be normal or may only increase slightly. The amplitude will determine the prognosis of recovery by what degree of axonal loss has occurred. Normal values for facial nerve latencies (mean ± S ...
... motor axons, while the latency shows the distal conduction time of the fastest fibers. Onset latency tends to be normal or may only increase slightly. The amplitude will determine the prognosis of recovery by what degree of axonal loss has occurred. Normal values for facial nerve latencies (mean ± S ...
The Reflex Arc and Reflexes Lab
... system. This pathway begins with a receptor at the dendrite end of a sensory (afferent) neuron. The sensory neuron leads into the central nervous system and may communicate with one or more interneurons. Some of these interneurons, in turn, communicate with motor (efferent) neurons, whose axons (ner ...
... system. This pathway begins with a receptor at the dendrite end of a sensory (afferent) neuron. The sensory neuron leads into the central nervous system and may communicate with one or more interneurons. Some of these interneurons, in turn, communicate with motor (efferent) neurons, whose axons (ner ...
Identification of the Neuropeptide Transmitter Proctolin in Drosophila
... from the CNS, hindgut, and segmental bodywall using reverse-phase HPLC, and characterized by bioassay, immunoassay, and enzymatic analysis. A small, stereotyped population of proctolin-immunoreactive neurons was found in the larval CNS. Several of the identified neurons may be efferents. In the peri ...
... from the CNS, hindgut, and segmental bodywall using reverse-phase HPLC, and characterized by bioassay, immunoassay, and enzymatic analysis. A small, stereotyped population of proctolin-immunoreactive neurons was found in the larval CNS. Several of the identified neurons may be efferents. In the peri ...
The Role of Spasticity in Functional Neurorehabilitation
... can last from 1 to 6 weeks [15,37] due to a balance between the inhibitory pathways of dorsal RST and the facilitatory pathways of the medial RST and VST, in order to obtain an excitability of the spinal stretch arc reflex. When it comes to the muscular co-contraction, certain alterations occur, suc ...
... can last from 1 to 6 weeks [15,37] due to a balance between the inhibitory pathways of dorsal RST and the facilitatory pathways of the medial RST and VST, in order to obtain an excitability of the spinal stretch arc reflex. When it comes to the muscular co-contraction, certain alterations occur, suc ...
Alterations in Synaptic Strength Preceding Axon Withdrawal
... The increase in magnesium and/or the decrease of calcium greatly reduces the probability that ACh will be released when the motor neuron is stimulated. A high magnesium concentration partially blocks presynaptic calcium channels which decrease calcium entry into the presynaptic terminal and thus the ...
... The increase in magnesium and/or the decrease of calcium greatly reduces the probability that ACh will be released when the motor neuron is stimulated. A high magnesium concentration partially blocks presynaptic calcium channels which decrease calcium entry into the presynaptic terminal and thus the ...
stretch reflex 2
... 3) It has no recruitment nor after discharge: • It is due to lack of interneurons 4)Graded response: • The strength of ms contraction is directly proportional to the extent of stretch. 5) Reciprocal innervation: • In which stretch of a ms results in reflex contraction of the stretched ms and relaxa ...
... 3) It has no recruitment nor after discharge: • It is due to lack of interneurons 4)Graded response: • The strength of ms contraction is directly proportional to the extent of stretch. 5) Reciprocal innervation: • In which stretch of a ms results in reflex contraction of the stretched ms and relaxa ...
Common Upper Extremity Nerve Entrapment
... unit. The amplitude is increased with chronic axonal injury. ie healthy nerves are taking over for the injured nerves. Duration is the length of the motor unit. This = the density of muscle cells in a motor unit. Increased in chronic axonal injury. Phases is the times the motor unit crosses the base ...
... unit. The amplitude is increased with chronic axonal injury. ie healthy nerves are taking over for the injured nerves. Duration is the length of the motor unit. This = the density of muscle cells in a motor unit. Increased in chronic axonal injury. Phases is the times the motor unit crosses the base ...
Pelvic Pain
... 1. All skeletal muscles have both a motor and sensory innervation via somatic nerves (eg pudendal, sciatic etc) 2. Normal muscle function / activation does not usually activate nociceptors or cause “pain” 3. Overactive / hypertonic striated skeletal muscle can activate pain signals in either …… ...
... 1. All skeletal muscles have both a motor and sensory innervation via somatic nerves (eg pudendal, sciatic etc) 2. Normal muscle function / activation does not usually activate nociceptors or cause “pain” 3. Overactive / hypertonic striated skeletal muscle can activate pain signals in either …… ...
Upper Extremity Rehabilitation
... – For lack of sensation, they must learn to use visual observation – Splints and passive movement exercises are used to maintain tissue length (in the hope that the patient eventually regains muscle innervation) – Splints also used to maintain function while the patient does not have proper muscle c ...
... – For lack of sensation, they must learn to use visual observation – Splints and passive movement exercises are used to maintain tissue length (in the hope that the patient eventually regains muscle innervation) – Splints also used to maintain function while the patient does not have proper muscle c ...
Course Objectives
... o Describe the sliding filament model of muscle contractions. o Explain how muscle fibers are stimulated to contract by describing events that occur at the neuromuscular junction. o Describe how an action potential is generated. o Follow the events of excitation-contraction coupling that lead to cro ...
... o Describe the sliding filament model of muscle contractions. o Explain how muscle fibers are stimulated to contract by describing events that occur at the neuromuscular junction. o Describe how an action potential is generated. o Follow the events of excitation-contraction coupling that lead to cro ...
Chapter 2 in PDF - International Clinic of Rehabilitation
... reflect intersystem heterochronia. On the whole, studies on systemogenesis explain ...
... reflect intersystem heterochronia. On the whole, studies on systemogenesis explain ...
Facial nerve
... • Accompanied by cranial nerve VIII, the facial nerve travels through the internal auditory canal to the fundus; there it passes anterosuperiorly through the meatal foramen, leaving the meatus. This is the narrowest point in the bony fallopian canal (facial canal) and is the site where the nerve i ...
... • Accompanied by cranial nerve VIII, the facial nerve travels through the internal auditory canal to the fundus; there it passes anterosuperiorly through the meatal foramen, leaving the meatus. This is the narrowest point in the bony fallopian canal (facial canal) and is the site where the nerve i ...
Article
... influence the genetic cascades of early myogenic differentiation has, surprisingly, received little attention (but see [12], referred to below). This is especially surprising given what we know about the profound effects of neural input in later muscle development, including effects on the number of ...
... influence the genetic cascades of early myogenic differentiation has, surprisingly, received little attention (but see [12], referred to below). This is especially surprising given what we know about the profound effects of neural input in later muscle development, including effects on the number of ...
The neurophysiological correlates of motor tics following focal
... inhibited during tics, although tics were only manifested in a small confined muscle group. This suggests that rather than representing a specific action within the basal ganglia itself, these nuclei provide a temporally exact but spatially distributed release signal. The tics induced by striatal di ...
... inhibited during tics, although tics were only manifested in a small confined muscle group. This suggests that rather than representing a specific action within the basal ganglia itself, these nuclei provide a temporally exact but spatially distributed release signal. The tics induced by striatal di ...
Physiology of muscles and nerves
... increasing K+ efflux and Cl- influx with consequent restoration of the resting membrane potential. However, if this initial rise in membrane potential is rapid and enough in magnitude, it may Figure 4.3: Action potential of skeletal muscle and approach a critical level called the nerve fibers. thres ...
... increasing K+ efflux and Cl- influx with consequent restoration of the resting membrane potential. However, if this initial rise in membrane potential is rapid and enough in magnitude, it may Figure 4.3: Action potential of skeletal muscle and approach a critical level called the nerve fibers. thres ...
Electromyography
Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph, to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electrical potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. The signals can be analyzed to detect medical abnormalities, activation level, or recruitment order, or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal movement.