Debris Disks: Seeing Dust, Thinking of Planetesimals and Planets
... As the very name “debris disks” suggests, they should incessantly produce “collisional debris”, so that destructive collisions must be a dominant process operating in these systems. For collisions to be destructive — and even to occur at sufficient rates – a certain minimum level of relative velocit ...
... As the very name “debris disks” suggests, they should incessantly produce “collisional debris”, so that destructive collisions must be a dominant process operating in these systems. For collisions to be destructive — and even to occur at sufficient rates – a certain minimum level of relative velocit ...
How Our Place in The Cosmos is Designed for
... Place in The Cosmos is Designed for Discovery), Regnery Publishing 2004, p6.] The Moon’s origin is also an important part of the story of life. At the present time, the most popular scenario for its formation posits a glancing blow to the proto-Earth by a body a few times more massive than Mars. ...
... Place in The Cosmos is Designed for Discovery), Regnery Publishing 2004, p6.] The Moon’s origin is also an important part of the story of life. At the present time, the most popular scenario for its formation posits a glancing blow to the proto-Earth by a body a few times more massive than Mars. ...
Observations, Modeling and Theory of Debris Disks
... in thermal emission or scattered light. These disks may persist over Gyrs through steady-state evolution and/or may also experience sporadic stirring and major collisional breakups, rendering them atypically bright for brief periods of time. Most interestingly, they provide direct evidence that the ...
... in thermal emission or scattered light. These disks may persist over Gyrs through steady-state evolution and/or may also experience sporadic stirring and major collisional breakups, rendering them atypically bright for brief periods of time. Most interestingly, they provide direct evidence that the ...
Observations, Modeling and Theory of Debris Disks
... in thermal emission or scattered light. These disks may persist over Gyrs through steady-state evolution and/or may also experience sporadic stirring and major collisional breakups, rendering them atypically bright for brief periods of time. Most interestingly, they provide direct evidence that the ...
... in thermal emission or scattered light. These disks may persist over Gyrs through steady-state evolution and/or may also experience sporadic stirring and major collisional breakups, rendering them atypically bright for brief periods of time. Most interestingly, they provide direct evidence that the ...
Evolution of stars
... b. stars expand when they become giants. c. stars support their weight by making energy. d. the helium flash occurs in degenerate matter. e. all stars on the main sequence have about the same radius. 64. Due to the dust in the interstellar medium, a star will appear to an observer on Earth to be a. ...
... b. stars expand when they become giants. c. stars support their weight by making energy. d. the helium flash occurs in degenerate matter. e. all stars on the main sequence have about the same radius. 64. Due to the dust in the interstellar medium, a star will appear to an observer on Earth to be a. ...
observations of white dwarfs in the solar neighborhood
... High proper motion surveys are still adding much to our understanding of the local white dwarf population and, possibly, to the Galactic halo membership of some objects. As part of our study of white dwarfs in the solar neighborhood we have observed seven white dwarfs from the revised New Luyten Two ...
... High proper motion surveys are still adding much to our understanding of the local white dwarf population and, possibly, to the Galactic halo membership of some objects. As part of our study of white dwarfs in the solar neighborhood we have observed seven white dwarfs from the revised New Luyten Two ...
Stellarium User Guide - Skolekonsulenterne.dk
... also notice that the stars have started to move slightly across the sky. If it’s daytime you might be able to see the sun moving (but it’s less apparent than the movement of the stars). Increase the rate at which time passes again by clicking on the button a third time. Now time is really flying! Le ...
... also notice that the stars have started to move slightly across the sky. If it’s daytime you might be able to see the sun moving (but it’s less apparent than the movement of the stars). Increase the rate at which time passes again by clicking on the button a third time. Now time is really flying! Le ...
About the Instructor`s Guide
... Voyager: SkyGazer v4.0 College Edition combines exceptional planetarium software with informative tutorials. Here are just a few of the exciting things your students can do with this powerful tool: ...
... Voyager: SkyGazer v4.0 College Edition combines exceptional planetarium software with informative tutorials. Here are just a few of the exciting things your students can do with this powerful tool: ...
Volatiles in protoplanetary disks
... a young pre-main sequence star. The gas-rich disk persists during planetesimal and giant planet formation, but not necessarily during the final assembly of terrestrial planets. During the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk, both solidand gas-phase chemistry is active, shaping the initial composition ...
... a young pre-main sequence star. The gas-rich disk persists during planetesimal and giant planet formation, but not necessarily during the final assembly of terrestrial planets. During the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk, both solidand gas-phase chemistry is active, shaping the initial composition ...
Volatiles in protoplanetary disks
... a young pre-main sequence star. The gas-rich disk persists during planetesimal and giant planet formation, but not necessarily during the final assembly of terrestrial planets. During the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk, both solidand gas-phase chemistry is active, shaping the initial composition ...
... a young pre-main sequence star. The gas-rich disk persists during planetesimal and giant planet formation, but not necessarily during the final assembly of terrestrial planets. During the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk, both solidand gas-phase chemistry is active, shaping the initial composition ...
Disk planet interaction during the formation of extrasolar planets
... A third facor is the the large scale turbulence of matter within a galaxy. As giant molecular clouds move through the spiral arms of a galaxy matter may be compressed to dense regions. This may trigger vigorous star formation inside the densest parts of this cloud and O and B stars forms and starts ...
... A third facor is the the large scale turbulence of matter within a galaxy. As giant molecular clouds move through the spiral arms of a galaxy matter may be compressed to dense regions. This may trigger vigorous star formation inside the densest parts of this cloud and O and B stars forms and starts ...
The Origin of Comets and the Oort Cloud
... horizon, then the army of the enemy will be slain in its onslaught” 2. Some early cometary observations are quoted by Olivier (in “Comets”, 1930). Thus, on a Bablyonian tablet dated around 1140 BC and referring to a military campaign, we read: “a comet arose whose body was bright like the day, while ...
... horizon, then the army of the enemy will be slain in its onslaught” 2. Some early cometary observations are quoted by Olivier (in “Comets”, 1930). Thus, on a Bablyonian tablet dated around 1140 BC and referring to a military campaign, we read: “a comet arose whose body was bright like the day, while ...
Preview Sample 1
... 26. Several other objects (Juno, Vesta, Pallas etc.) were found within a few years of the discovery of Ceres and all had orbital distances near 2.8 AU. Futhermore, the objects were all much smaller than other planets, or even our own Moon. How might you have reacted as an astronomer of that time? a. ...
... 26. Several other objects (Juno, Vesta, Pallas etc.) were found within a few years of the discovery of Ceres and all had orbital distances near 2.8 AU. Futhermore, the objects were all much smaller than other planets, or even our own Moon. How might you have reacted as an astronomer of that time? a. ...
The Celestial Sphere CHAPTER 1
... motion was a good approximation. Furthermore, since a geocentric model maintains circular motion, it was very difficult to make any observational distinction between geocentric and heliocentric universes. (Parallax effects are far too small to be noticeable with the naked eye.) ...
... motion was a good approximation. Furthermore, since a geocentric model maintains circular motion, it was very difficult to make any observational distinction between geocentric and heliocentric universes. (Parallax effects are far too small to be noticeable with the naked eye.) ...
CHARACTERIZING PROPERTIES OF OPTICAL FIBERS AND
... ABSTRACT The search for exoplanets, planets orbiting stars beyond our own Solar System, is one of the fastest-growing and most exciting areas of astronomical research. Pathfinder, the Penn State Astronomy and Astrophysics Department's fiber-fed, near-infrared (NIR) spectrograph, is designed to explo ...
... ABSTRACT The search for exoplanets, planets orbiting stars beyond our own Solar System, is one of the fastest-growing and most exciting areas of astronomical research. Pathfinder, the Penn State Astronomy and Astrophysics Department's fiber-fed, near-infrared (NIR) spectrograph, is designed to explo ...
New brown dwarfs and giant planets
... Non-grey atmospheres - flux peaks at 1, 5 and 10 microns - bands and zones? - “weather”? ...
... Non-grey atmospheres - flux peaks at 1, 5 and 10 microns - bands and zones? - “weather”? ...
mineral ecology: chance and necessity in the
... Earth’s upper continental crust (E) and the Moon (M), respectively: LogðNE Þ ¼ 0:22 LogðCE Þ þ 1:70 ðR2 ¼ 0:34Þð4861 minerals; 72 elementsÞ LogðNM Þ ¼ 0:19 LogðCM Þ þ 0:23 ðR2 ¼ 0:68Þð63 minerals; 24 elementsÞ; where C is an element’s abundance in ppm and N is the number of mineral species in which ...
... Earth’s upper continental crust (E) and the Moon (M), respectively: LogðNE Þ ¼ 0:22 LogðCE Þ þ 1:70 ðR2 ¼ 0:34Þð4861 minerals; 72 elementsÞ LogðNM Þ ¼ 0:19 LogðCM Þ þ 0:23 ðR2 ¼ 0:68Þð63 minerals; 24 elementsÞ; where C is an element’s abundance in ppm and N is the number of mineral species in which ...
Hazen et al 2015 - University of Arizona
... Earth’s upper continental crust (E) and the Moon (M), respectively: LogðNE Þ ¼ 0:22 LogðCE Þ þ 1:70 ðR2 ¼ 0:34Þð4861 minerals; 72 elementsÞ LogðNM Þ ¼ 0:19 LogðCM Þ þ 0:23 ðR2 ¼ 0:68Þð63 minerals; 24 elementsÞ; where C is an element’s abundance in ppm and N is the number of mineral species in which ...
... Earth’s upper continental crust (E) and the Moon (M), respectively: LogðNE Þ ¼ 0:22 LogðCE Þ þ 1:70 ðR2 ¼ 0:34Þð4861 minerals; 72 elementsÞ LogðNM Þ ¼ 0:19 LogðCM Þ þ 0:23 ðR2 ¼ 0:68Þð63 minerals; 24 elementsÞ; where C is an element’s abundance in ppm and N is the number of mineral species in which ...
PDF 523 KB
... The orbit of PLuto is inclined to the main plane where all other planets move around the Sun. It is 17 degrees of inclination to the ecliptic to be precise, and that makes it the record holder for big objects in the Solar System, and the second one is Mercury with only seven degrees. Probably the b ...
... The orbit of PLuto is inclined to the main plane where all other planets move around the Sun. It is 17 degrees of inclination to the ecliptic to be precise, and that makes it the record holder for big objects in the Solar System, and the second one is Mercury with only seven degrees. Probably the b ...
starry night companion
... learn how high above the horizon is 10°, how high is 30°, and so on. Starry Night can show you the altitude and azimuth of any object at any time (just double-click on the object to bring up its Info Window with this information) and can also mark the zenith and nadir points and/or the meridian line ...
... learn how high above the horizon is 10°, how high is 30°, and so on. Starry Night can show you the altitude and azimuth of any object at any time (just double-click on the object to bring up its Info Window with this information) and can also mark the zenith and nadir points and/or the meridian line ...
Astronomy WHS Sow
... With the discovery during the latter half of the 20th century of more objects within the Solar System and large objects around other stars, disputes arose over what should constitute a planet. There was particular disagreement over whether an object should be considered a planet if it was part of a ...
... With the discovery during the latter half of the 20th century of more objects within the Solar System and large objects around other stars, disputes arose over what should constitute a planet. There was particular disagreement over whether an object should be considered a planet if it was part of a ...
Direct Imaging of Exoplanets - American Museum of Natural History
... and gravitational lensing are more productive than direct imaging. Remarkably, these techniques, including astrometry and direct imaging, perform nearly independent roles for exoplanet science, so each of them is valuable. Radial velocity has been very successful in measuring masses and periods of p ...
... and gravitational lensing are more productive than direct imaging. Remarkably, these techniques, including astrometry and direct imaging, perform nearly independent roles for exoplanet science, so each of them is valuable. Radial velocity has been very successful in measuring masses and periods of p ...
The Dynamical Evolution of the Asteroid Belt
... of Jupiter and Saturn. These are called g5 and g6 for the longitude of perihelion precession (the former dominating in the precession of the perihelion of Jupiter, the latter in that of Saturn), and s6 for the longitude of the node precession (both the nodes of Jupiter and Saturn precess at the same ...
... of Jupiter and Saturn. These are called g5 and g6 for the longitude of perihelion precession (the former dominating in the precession of the perihelion of Jupiter, the latter in that of Saturn), and s6 for the longitude of the node precession (both the nodes of Jupiter and Saturn precess at the same ...
Vocabulary Definitions
... FOSS Planetary Science, Second Edition Glossary absorption line the dark lines seen in a light spectrum; indicates that light is being absorbed at that wavelength (IG) accretion sticking together (IG) altitude the distance above Earth’s surface (IG) asteroid a small, rocky object that orbits the Sun ...
... FOSS Planetary Science, Second Edition Glossary absorption line the dark lines seen in a light spectrum; indicates that light is being absorbed at that wavelength (IG) accretion sticking together (IG) altitude the distance above Earth’s surface (IG) asteroid a small, rocky object that orbits the Sun ...
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. Life may develop directly on a planet or satellite or be transferred to it from another body, a theoretical process known as panspermia. As the existence of life beyond Earth is unknown, planetary habitability is largely an extrapolation of conditions on Earth and the characteristics of the Sun and Solar System which appear favourable to life's flourishing—in particular those factors that have sustained complex, multicellular organisms and not just simpler, unicellular creatures. Research and theory in this regard is a component of planetary science and the emerging discipline of astrobiology.An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion of planetary habitability implies that many other geophysical, geochemical, and astrophysical criteria must be met before an astronomical body can support life. In its astrobiology roadmap, NASA has defined the principal habitability criteria as ""extended regions of liquid water, conditions favourable for the assembly of complex organic molecules, and energy sources to sustain metabolism.""In determining the habitability potential of a body, studies focus on its bulk composition, orbital properties, atmosphere, and potential chemical interactions. Stellar characteristics of importance include mass and luminosity, stable variability, and high metallicity. Rocky, terrestrial-type planets and moons with the potential for Earth-like chemistry are a primary focus of astrobiological research, although more speculative habitability theories occasionally examine alternative biochemistries and other types of astronomical bodies.The idea that planets beyond Earth might host life is an ancient one, though historically it was framed by philosophy as much as physical science. The late 20th century saw two breakthroughs in the field. The observation and robotic spacecraft exploration of other planets and moons within the Solar System has provided critical information on defining habitability criteria and allowed for substantial geophysical comparisons between the Earth and other bodies. The discovery of extrasolar planets, beginning in the early 1990s and accelerating thereafter, has provided further information for the study of possible extraterrestrial life. These findings confirm that the Sun is not unique among stars in hosting planets and expands the habitability research horizon beyond the Solar System.The chemistry of life may have begun shortly after the Big Bang, 13.8 billion years ago, during a habitable epoch when the Universe was only 10–17 million years old. According to the panspermia hypothesis, microscopic life—distributed by meteoroids, asteroids and other small Solar System bodies—may exist throughout the universe. Nonetheless, Earth is the only place in the universe known to harbor life. Estimates of habitable zones around other stars, along with the discovery of hundreds of extrasolar planets and new insights into the extreme habitats here on Earth, suggest that there may be many more habitable places in the universe than considered possible until very recently. On 4 November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.