Direct and indirect consequences of dominant plants in arid
... indirect interactions in terrestrial plant communities; (2) that the positive effects of dominant plants on understory communities are spatiotemporally scale dependent, from micro- to broad-scale spatial effects, and from within-seasonal to among-year temporal effects; (3) that dominant plants via t ...
... indirect interactions in terrestrial plant communities; (2) that the positive effects of dominant plants on understory communities are spatiotemporally scale dependent, from micro- to broad-scale spatial effects, and from within-seasonal to among-year temporal effects; (3) that dominant plants via t ...
Hwang 1 The Effects of Acanthaster planci Species on
... temperature in the past decade, the number of Acanthaster planci that were able to reproduce and create more offspring increased, causing a boom in the population size, which then has a detrimental effect on the overall marine environment of the coral reefs and the living areas of Acanthaster planci ...
... temperature in the past decade, the number of Acanthaster planci that were able to reproduce and create more offspring increased, causing a boom in the population size, which then has a detrimental effect on the overall marine environment of the coral reefs and the living areas of Acanthaster planci ...
A meso-predator release of stickleback promotes recruitment of
... early/mid-July (see results of fish counting). Sampling in June took place only one week after the set-up of the experiment, but stickleback density was very high at this time and meso-predator effects on the mobile grazer fauna should have developed rapidly. Animals were sorted under a dissecting mi ...
... early/mid-July (see results of fish counting). Sampling in June took place only one week after the set-up of the experiment, but stickleback density was very high at this time and meso-predator effects on the mobile grazer fauna should have developed rapidly. Animals were sorted under a dissecting mi ...
Competition and locomotion in a free-living
... on reefs in the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Hildemann et al. (1975a,b) observed that F. fungites at Enewetak Atoll, Pacific Ocean, caused unilateral damage to at least five species of colonial corals in both field and laboratory contacts. In Hilo, Hawaii, Hildemann et ai. (1977) also found tha ...
... on reefs in the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Hildemann et al. (1975a,b) observed that F. fungites at Enewetak Atoll, Pacific Ocean, caused unilateral damage to at least five species of colonial corals in both field and laboratory contacts. In Hilo, Hawaii, Hildemann et ai. (1977) also found tha ...
Biological Application of Two Protozoan Species - E-FAS
... 1B) and Euplotes sp. (82 ± 16 μm) (Fig. 1C). In contrast, Gilbert and Jack (1993) showed that Synchaeta pectinata (320 μm), Brachionus calyciflorus (280 μm), and Asplanchna girodi (491 μm) were effective predators of ciliates (45-60 μm), ingesting up to 50 ciliates rotifer-1 day-1. The common contam ...
... 1B) and Euplotes sp. (82 ± 16 μm) (Fig. 1C). In contrast, Gilbert and Jack (1993) showed that Synchaeta pectinata (320 μm), Brachionus calyciflorus (280 μm), and Asplanchna girodi (491 μm) were effective predators of ciliates (45-60 μm), ingesting up to 50 ciliates rotifer-1 day-1. The common contam ...
Differential competitive abilities between Caribbean coral species
... summarised in terms of algal functional groups. However, even within a functional group, there may be differences in competitive potential among algal species. The filamentous red alga Anotrichium tenue has been shown to kill coral tissue by active overgrowth, while other mixed-species algal turfs d ...
... summarised in terms of algal functional groups. However, even within a functional group, there may be differences in competitive potential among algal species. The filamentous red alga Anotrichium tenue has been shown to kill coral tissue by active overgrowth, while other mixed-species algal turfs d ...
15. sibling competition and the evolution of brood size
... share food at level q̂ = 0.554. These relationships are shown in Figure 2. This figure also shows the relative fitnesses of parents and offspring when the fitness of the parent is maximized (q = 0.5 when R > 2.47) and when the inclusive fitness of the A nestling is maximized (q = q̂ when R > 2.76). ...
... share food at level q̂ = 0.554. These relationships are shown in Figure 2. This figure also shows the relative fitnesses of parents and offspring when the fitness of the parent is maximized (q = 0.5 when R > 2.47) and when the inclusive fitness of the A nestling is maximized (q = q̂ when R > 2.76). ...
Parasites, density, and disturbance: Factors influencing coexistence
... now occur in Bolinas Lagoon, California. Direct comparisons of these two snail species include an analysis of the feeding structure morphology (Driscoll 1972) and one field study evaluating the effects of interspecific interaction (Whitlatch and Obrebski 1980). Independent assessment of life history ...
... now occur in Bolinas Lagoon, California. Direct comparisons of these two snail species include an analysis of the feeding structure morphology (Driscoll 1972) and one field study evaluating the effects of interspecific interaction (Whitlatch and Obrebski 1980). Independent assessment of life history ...
Trait similarity patterns within grass and grasshopper
... within-community trait similarity patterns of two or more coexisting, interacting trophic levels. We thus still do not know how relevant such trophic interactions are in explaining trait similarity patterns within communities. Therefore, in this study we investigate whether traitsimilarity patterns ...
... within-community trait similarity patterns of two or more coexisting, interacting trophic levels. We thus still do not know how relevant such trophic interactions are in explaining trait similarity patterns within communities. Therefore, in this study we investigate whether traitsimilarity patterns ...
Evolutionary Branching and Sympatric Speciation Caused by
... a fitness minimum in phenotype space. This article demonstrates that selection regimes leading to evolutionary branching readily arise from a wide variety of different ecological interactions within and between species. We use classical ecological models for symmetric and asymmetric competition, for ...
... a fitness minimum in phenotype space. This article demonstrates that selection regimes leading to evolutionary branching readily arise from a wide variety of different ecological interactions within and between species. We use classical ecological models for symmetric and asymmetric competition, for ...
Leaf gas exchange responses of 13 prairie grassland
... lead to a suite of morphological and growth changes. It is well documented that increased CO2 enhances the photosynthetic rate and growth of most C3 plants (Bowes, 1993). However, ...
... lead to a suite of morphological and growth changes. It is well documented that increased CO2 enhances the photosynthetic rate and growth of most C3 plants (Bowes, 1993). However, ...
Full Text - Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve
... two opposing possibilities when investigating the relationship between species richness (hereafter, ‘biodiversity’) and ecosystem multifunctionality. First, species may appear more functionally unique as more processes are considered, leading to a stronger effect of biodiversity across multiple func ...
... two opposing possibilities when investigating the relationship between species richness (hereafter, ‘biodiversity’) and ecosystem multifunctionality. First, species may appear more functionally unique as more processes are considered, leading to a stronger effect of biodiversity across multiple func ...
trait-mediated indirect interactions in a simple aquatic food web
... portant, however, this will have a large impact on how ecologists conceptualize and model ecological communities (Abrams 1983, Werner 1992a, Wootton 1994b). Consequently, attention to TMIIs and other forms of higher order interactions has increased recently (e.g., Wilbur and Fauth 1990, Werner 1992a ...
... portant, however, this will have a large impact on how ecologists conceptualize and model ecological communities (Abrams 1983, Werner 1992a, Wootton 1994b). Consequently, attention to TMIIs and other forms of higher order interactions has increased recently (e.g., Wilbur and Fauth 1990, Werner 1992a ...
Patterns of disturbance and recovery in littoral rock pools
... Femino 81 Mathleson 1980 Sze 1980, 1982), or to biological processes such as predatlon and competition ( D e t h ~ e r1982 L u b c h ~ n r o1982 Chapman 1990, Metaxas & Scheibling 1993) Only one study has considered the role of disturbance in rock pools (Dethler 1984) Thls contrasts with the relativ ...
... Femino 81 Mathleson 1980 Sze 1980, 1982), or to biological processes such as predatlon and competition ( D e t h ~ e r1982 L u b c h ~ n r o1982 Chapman 1990, Metaxas & Scheibling 1993) Only one study has considered the role of disturbance in rock pools (Dethler 1984) Thls contrasts with the relativ ...
Significance of Plankton Community Structure and Nutrient
... have the capacity to efficiently control blooms of their dinoflagellate hosts [10, 13–15]. However, parasite and host populations do not exist as isolated pairs, but rather as parts of multispecies systems. In fact, dinoflagellates could be simultaneously affected by other biotic interactions, such ...
... have the capacity to efficiently control blooms of their dinoflagellate hosts [10, 13–15]. However, parasite and host populations do not exist as isolated pairs, but rather as parts of multispecies systems. In fact, dinoflagellates could be simultaneously affected by other biotic interactions, such ...
Evolutionary branching and sympatric speciation
... fitness (Metz et al. 1992). This quantity measures the long-term per capita growth rate of a rare mutant in an environment that is determined by externally fixed parameters on the one hand, and by the population density and the phenotype of the resident population(s) on the other hand. In particular ...
... fitness (Metz et al. 1992). This quantity measures the long-term per capita growth rate of a rare mutant in an environment that is determined by externally fixed parameters on the one hand, and by the population density and the phenotype of the resident population(s) on the other hand. In particular ...
4-habitat-and-niche
... • A habitat is all aspects of the area in which an organism lives. – biotic factors – abiotic factors • An ecological niche includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce. – food – abiotic conditions – behavior ...
... • A habitat is all aspects of the area in which an organism lives. – biotic factors – abiotic factors • An ecological niche includes all of the factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce. – food – abiotic conditions – behavior ...
View Chapter 11. Strategy for Stabilization of the OIP Target Plant Taxa
... gaudichaudii spp. koolauensis and Sanicula purpurea are both monocarpic, meaning they flower only once before senescence. 5. Large percentage of non-flowering or fruiting plants This problem is similar to the infrequent or inconsistent flowering factor described above, but concerns populations in wh ...
... gaudichaudii spp. koolauensis and Sanicula purpurea are both monocarpic, meaning they flower only once before senescence. 5. Large percentage of non-flowering or fruiting plants This problem is similar to the infrequent or inconsistent flowering factor described above, but concerns populations in wh ...
PARTITIONING OF TIME AS AN ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE Noga
... activity of pollinators at each Acacia species clearly followed the temporal separation between species in pollen release, so the ecological consequences of temporal partitioning have actually been demonstrated. The interest in the role of competition in evolution and in structuring communities also ...
... activity of pollinators at each Acacia species clearly followed the temporal separation between species in pollen release, so the ecological consequences of temporal partitioning have actually been demonstrated. The interest in the role of competition in evolution and in structuring communities also ...