Austerity in 2009-2013
... corrections implemented in the years 2009-2013 (as most fiscal corrections) came, as we said, in the form of multi-year plans, rather than one year moves, we need a model capable of simulating the effects of plans rather than isolated shifts in fiscal variables. We estimate such a model with data r ...
... corrections implemented in the years 2009-2013 (as most fiscal corrections) came, as we said, in the form of multi-year plans, rather than one year moves, we need a model capable of simulating the effects of plans rather than isolated shifts in fiscal variables. We estimate such a model with data r ...
OECD Compendium of Productivity Indicators 2006
... present document constitutes the 2006 update of the productivity compendium. Its primary source is the OECD Productivity Database, although indicators are drawn from other sources, such as the OECD STAN database, which enables productivity calculations for individual industries. The compendium inclu ...
... present document constitutes the 2006 update of the productivity compendium. Its primary source is the OECD Productivity Database, although indicators are drawn from other sources, such as the OECD STAN database, which enables productivity calculations for individual industries. The compendium inclu ...
Political institutions and the natural resource curse
... Southeast Asia had a similar effect on governance in the Philippines, in Indonesia and in the Malay states of Sarawak and Sabah (Ross 2001). Timber became a dominant economic force in all three countries and political elites altered institutions to acquire greater control over resource rents. Corrup ...
... Southeast Asia had a similar effect on governance in the Philippines, in Indonesia and in the Malay states of Sarawak and Sabah (Ross 2001). Timber became a dominant economic force in all three countries and political elites altered institutions to acquire greater control over resource rents. Corrup ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES IN CONSUMER CONFIDENCE
... view of con…dence. Permanent movements in consumption and income must re‡ect corresponding movements in technology, which is putatively una¤ected by animal spirits. If con…dence contained no news about future fundamentals and the relationship between con…dence and subsequent activity re‡ected only a ...
... view of con…dence. Permanent movements in consumption and income must re‡ect corresponding movements in technology, which is putatively una¤ected by animal spirits. If con…dence contained no news about future fundamentals and the relationship between con…dence and subsequent activity re‡ected only a ...
Chapter 4 A R :
... primarily because of the growing share of debt repayments. In the first two years of the XI Plan, the year-on-year growth in actual expenditure was much higher than the annual average growth rate for the X Plan period. In 2009-10, however, actual expenditure grew at a low rate of around 7 per cent, ...
... primarily because of the growing share of debt repayments. In the first two years of the XI Plan, the year-on-year growth in actual expenditure was much higher than the annual average growth rate for the X Plan period. In 2009-10, however, actual expenditure grew at a low rate of around 7 per cent, ...
High Growth Markets
... contribute to more sustainable growth driven by domestic consumption. Incorporating ideas from Germany, the US and UK, China plans to create a manufacturing innovation center and boost sectors such as robotics, aerospace, e-vehicles, biopharma and medical devices. In contrast, India’s campaign is st ...
... contribute to more sustainable growth driven by domestic consumption. Incorporating ideas from Germany, the US and UK, China plans to create a manufacturing innovation center and boost sectors such as robotics, aerospace, e-vehicles, biopharma and medical devices. In contrast, India’s campaign is st ...
foreign direct investment, clean development mechanism
... 1987, p.43). The three dimensions of the concept are economic growth, social development, and environmental quality and protection. Achieving sustainable development requires thus developing countries to catch up with the more developed economies in terms of the level of economic development. Howeve ...
... 1987, p.43). The three dimensions of the concept are economic growth, social development, and environmental quality and protection. Achieving sustainable development requires thus developing countries to catch up with the more developed economies in terms of the level of economic development. Howeve ...
Economic Strength
... economic position of a city, town or area, the ability to sustain or improve its position and the intensity of spin-off effects. There is no simple indicator available for economic strength in this respect. A sustainable high level of economic strength would involve at least a more than average econ ...
... economic position of a city, town or area, the ability to sustain or improve its position and the intensity of spin-off effects. There is no simple indicator available for economic strength in this respect. A sustainable high level of economic strength would involve at least a more than average econ ...
The Impact of Regional and Sectoral Productivity Changes on the
... considerations is that some factors of production are …xed locally and unevenly distributed across space, such as land and structures, while others are highly mobile, such as labor.4 For example, in the three months following hurricane Katrina, estimates from the Current Population Survey indicate t ...
... considerations is that some factors of production are …xed locally and unevenly distributed across space, such as land and structures, while others are highly mobile, such as labor.4 For example, in the three months following hurricane Katrina, estimates from the Current Population Survey indicate t ...
Macroeconomics: Introduction
... Figure: Inflation Rates Since 1960: US, Europe, and Japan Alan G. Isaac ...
... Figure: Inflation Rates Since 1960: US, Europe, and Japan Alan G. Isaac ...
FDI-KSA
... around 90-95% of total export earnings and around 35-40% of the country's GDP. This dependence on Oil led to pressures to diversify, liberalize and reform the economy. To achieve the desired liberalization and reform, policies focused on privatization and investment promotion. Private investment was ...
... around 90-95% of total export earnings and around 35-40% of the country's GDP. This dependence on Oil led to pressures to diversify, liberalize and reform the economy. To achieve the desired liberalization and reform, policies focused on privatization and investment promotion. Private investment was ...
The Economic Impact of the 2014 Ebola Epidemic
... epidemic currently afflicting West Africa is already having a measurable economic impact in terms of forgone output; higher fiscal deficits; rising prices; lower real household incomes and greater poverty. These economic impacts—estimated in this report using data from early October of 2014—include ...
... epidemic currently afflicting West Africa is already having a measurable economic impact in terms of forgone output; higher fiscal deficits; rising prices; lower real household incomes and greater poverty. These economic impacts—estimated in this report using data from early October of 2014—include ...
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... d. All of these illustrate opportunity cost. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy STA: DISC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension ...
... d. All of these illustrate opportunity cost. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy STA: DISC: Scarcity, tradeoffs, and opportunity cost KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension ...
Standard Shocks in the OECD Interlink Model
... It is difficult, based on Table 2, to draw general conclusions on the adjustment path of the individual country models following a shock. Focus should be on the properties of the whole system rather than properties of single equations. For instance, the isolated effect of the high estimated sacrific ...
... It is difficult, based on Table 2, to draw general conclusions on the adjustment path of the individual country models following a shock. Focus should be on the properties of the whole system rather than properties of single equations. For instance, the isolated effect of the high estimated sacrific ...
World Economic Outlook: Housing and the Business Cycle
... U.S. dollar deposits will average 3.1 percent in 2008 and 3.4 percent in 2009; (5) that the three-month euro deposits rate will average 4.0 percent in 2008 and 3.6 percent in 2009; and (6) that the six-month Japanese yen deposit rate will yield an average of 1.0 percent in 2008 and of 0.8 percent in ...
... U.S. dollar deposits will average 3.1 percent in 2008 and 3.4 percent in 2009; (5) that the three-month euro deposits rate will average 4.0 percent in 2008 and 3.6 percent in 2009; and (6) that the six-month Japanese yen deposit rate will yield an average of 1.0 percent in 2008 and of 0.8 percent in ...
OECD Economic Surveys JAPAN
... relative per capita income from a level matching the top half of OECD countries in the early 1990s to 14% below (Figure 1). The collapse of the asset price bubble in the early 1990s was followed by an extended period of corporate restructuring and a banking crisis. Weak growth has contributed to Jap ...
... relative per capita income from a level matching the top half of OECD countries in the early 1990s to 14% below (Figure 1). The collapse of the asset price bubble in the early 1990s was followed by an extended period of corporate restructuring and a banking crisis. Weak growth has contributed to Jap ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.