Dynamics, Stratospheric Ozone, and Climate Change
... planetary-wave propagation is suppressed and the summertime stratosphere becomes quiescent. In some years “fossil” structures can be identified which survive the mixing associated with the vortex breakdown and which maintain anomalous tracer values well into summer (Orsolini, 2001; Manney ...
... planetary-wave propagation is suppressed and the summertime stratosphere becomes quiescent. In some years “fossil” structures can be identified which survive the mixing associated with the vortex breakdown and which maintain anomalous tracer values well into summer (Orsolini, 2001; Manney ...
No REDD! A Reader
... market with nothing to negotiate with except the natural resources relied on for survival. With many indigenous communities it is difficult and sometimes impossible to reconcile their traditional spiritual beliefs within a climate mitigation regime that commodifies the sacredness of air, trees and l ...
... market with nothing to negotiate with except the natural resources relied on for survival. With many indigenous communities it is difficult and sometimes impossible to reconcile their traditional spiritual beliefs within a climate mitigation regime that commodifies the sacredness of air, trees and l ...
Variation in Yield Responses to Elevated CO2 and a Brief
... the high temperature treatment at the lower CO2 concentration resulted in a slower progression of anthesis up the main stem in Salcedo, which prolonged seed filling and delayed maturity by about 10 days. The failure of seed development resulting from the high temperature treatment was evident in Che ...
... the high temperature treatment at the lower CO2 concentration resulted in a slower progression of anthesis up the main stem in Salcedo, which prolonged seed filling and delayed maturity by about 10 days. The failure of seed development resulting from the high temperature treatment was evident in Che ...
Modulation of Tropical Cyclones over the Eastern
... global model to represent both ISV and TCs, as well as their intimate relationships, thus suggesting a plausible new dynamical approach for intraseasonal TC forecasts. Inspired by this encouraging work, there has been increasing enthusiasm in exploring the predictive skill and predictability of dyna ...
... global model to represent both ISV and TCs, as well as their intimate relationships, thus suggesting a plausible new dynamical approach for intraseasonal TC forecasts. Inspired by this encouraging work, there has been increasing enthusiasm in exploring the predictive skill and predictability of dyna ...
1MB - IPCC
... synergies, and integrated responses.". Please consider to integrate these sections, and draft it so that policymakers seeking this kind of information finds it in one section that clearly communicates Some concepts were moved to the introduction, such the whole narrative. [Government of Norway] that ...
... synergies, and integrated responses.". Please consider to integrate these sections, and draft it so that policymakers seeking this kind of information finds it in one section that clearly communicates Some concepts were moved to the introduction, such the whole narrative. [Government of Norway] that ...
Full text in pdf format
... measure positive thermal stress (Liu et al. 2006). In this study, only HotSpots larger than 1°C were used to indicate excessive thermal stress. Previous studies have found that corals are acclimated to local conditions (Coles et al. 1976, Coles & Jokiel 1977, Goreau & Hayes 1994, Brown et al. 1996, ...
... measure positive thermal stress (Liu et al. 2006). In this study, only HotSpots larger than 1°C were used to indicate excessive thermal stress. Previous studies have found that corals are acclimated to local conditions (Coles et al. 1976, Coles & Jokiel 1977, Goreau & Hayes 1994, Brown et al. 1996, ...
Effects of permafrost degradation on ecosystems
... sensitively to changes in atmospheric temperature and permafrost is identified as one of the key cryospheric indicators of global climate change [10, 12-13]. Global average surface temperatures have increased by about 0.74±0.18℃ over the past hundred years [14]. Global climate models project the str ...
... sensitively to changes in atmospheric temperature and permafrost is identified as one of the key cryospheric indicators of global climate change [10, 12-13]. Global average surface temperatures have increased by about 0.74±0.18℃ over the past hundred years [14]. Global climate models project the str ...
Climate change impacts on the flow regimes of rivers in
... However, as a result of smaller precipitation amounts, in particular during summer, there is a reduction in streamflow for catchments with small glacier covered fraction since they will not receive a contribution to runoff from melting ice. The catchments with largest glacier covered fraction will e ...
... However, as a result of smaller precipitation amounts, in particular during summer, there is a reduction in streamflow for catchments with small glacier covered fraction since they will not receive a contribution to runoff from melting ice. The catchments with largest glacier covered fraction will e ...
Effects of permafrost degradation on ecosystems
... is identified as one of the key cryospheric indicators of global climate change [10,12,13]. Global average surface temperatures have increased by about 0.74 ± 0.18 °C over the past hundred years [14]. Global climate models project the strongest future warming in the high-latitudes, with some models p ...
... is identified as one of the key cryospheric indicators of global climate change [10,12,13]. Global average surface temperatures have increased by about 0.74 ± 0.18 °C over the past hundred years [14]. Global climate models project the strongest future warming in the high-latitudes, with some models p ...
Impact of climate change on Antarctic krill
... water temperature increase by 2100 are small compared with those projected in surface air temperature, because the heat capacity of the ocean is larger than that of the atmosphere (Bracegirdle et al. 2008). According to Turner at al. (2009a), summer sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) south of 60° S are ...
... water temperature increase by 2100 are small compared with those projected in surface air temperature, because the heat capacity of the ocean is larger than that of the atmosphere (Bracegirdle et al. 2008). According to Turner at al. (2009a), summer sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) south of 60° S are ...
Urban adaptation to climate change in Europe 2016
... strongly with socio-economic factors and their regional and global trends. Climate change is a systemic challenge that does not happen in isolation but interacts with socio-economic factors. Regional and global trends in these factors add an extra dynamic. They include geopolitics and conflicts; eco ...
... strongly with socio-economic factors and their regional and global trends. Climate change is a systemic challenge that does not happen in isolation but interacts with socio-economic factors. Regional and global trends in these factors add an extra dynamic. They include geopolitics and conflicts; eco ...
Marine extinction risk shaped by trait–environment
... which compares the ratio of victims (i.e., taxa that go extinct across an event) to survivors (i.e., taxa that survive an event) for species or genera falling into one geographic range size or life-habit category vs. the ratio of victims to survivors in the other category by the end of a particular ...
... which compares the ratio of victims (i.e., taxa that go extinct across an event) to survivors (i.e., taxa that survive an event) for species or genera falling into one geographic range size or life-habit category vs. the ratio of victims to survivors in the other category by the end of a particular ...
Climatic and Habitat Drivers of American Pika
... investigated the distribution of the American pika and the climatic processes shaping this distribution within the Southern Rocky Mountain region. Results from a survey of 69 sites historically occupied by pikas indicate that only four populations have been extirpated within this region over the pas ...
... investigated the distribution of the American pika and the climatic processes shaping this distribution within the Southern Rocky Mountain region. Results from a survey of 69 sites historically occupied by pikas indicate that only four populations have been extirpated within this region over the pas ...
Exploring comparable post-2012 reduction efforts for Annex I
... EU Heads of State and Government agreed in March 2007 that the EU will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 30% below 1990 levels by 2020 within a global and comprehensive post-2012 climate agreement. This commitment is provided that other developed countries commit to comparable reductions. Withi ...
... EU Heads of State and Government agreed in March 2007 that the EU will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 30% below 1990 levels by 2020 within a global and comprehensive post-2012 climate agreement. This commitment is provided that other developed countries commit to comparable reductions. Withi ...
Full Document
... [18] The three simulations of 21st century climate are used to explore trends in snow cover extent and mass. Monotonic trends are inferred using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test [Mann, 1945; Theil, 1950; Kendall, 1975]. The determination of the trends and their statistical significance follow the ...
... [18] The three simulations of 21st century climate are used to explore trends in snow cover extent and mass. Monotonic trends are inferred using the nonparametric Mann-Kendall test [Mann, 1945; Theil, 1950; Kendall, 1975]. The determination of the trends and their statistical significance follow the ...
Plan of action for disaster risk reduction and management in agriculture
... severe damages and losses of lives, livelihoods and infrastructure. Considering the expected impacts of climate change, these hazards are likely to increase in frequency and intensity. This creates an additional challenge for reaching the economic and social development goals and is threatening food ...
... severe damages and losses of lives, livelihoods and infrastructure. Considering the expected impacts of climate change, these hazards are likely to increase in frequency and intensity. This creates an additional challenge for reaching the economic and social development goals and is threatening food ...
Solar Influences on Climate
... defined by DTS = lDF, where DF is the change in forcing at the top of the atmosphere (in this case ∼0.17 W m−2) and TS is the globally averaged surface temperature. Using a value of 0.5 K (W m−2)−1 for l [IPCC, 2007], we would expect the Earth’s global temperature to vary by a mere 0.07 K. However, ...
... defined by DTS = lDF, where DF is the change in forcing at the top of the atmosphere (in this case ∼0.17 W m−2) and TS is the globally averaged surface temperature. Using a value of 0.5 K (W m−2)−1 for l [IPCC, 2007], we would expect the Earth’s global temperature to vary by a mere 0.07 K. However, ...
3rd GLOBE review of climate change legislation
... Whenthe1stGLOBEClimateLegislationStudywas launched in December 2010,it hadanimmediate impact.Itfulfilledourtwomajorobjectives.First,it delivered a positive message about the scale and scope of national legislation on climate change in the major economies. ...
... Whenthe1stGLOBEClimateLegislationStudywas launched in December 2010,it hadanimmediate impact.Itfulfilledourtwomajorobjectives.First,it delivered a positive message about the scale and scope of national legislation on climate change in the major economies. ...
DRAFT Chapter 6 Arctic Tundra and Polar Desert Ecosystems
... number of source areas currently exceeds the sink areas. However, geographical representation of research sites is currently small. Future warming of tundra soils would probably lead to a pulse of trace gases into the atmosphere, particularly in disturbed areas and areas that are drying. It is not k ...
... number of source areas currently exceeds the sink areas. However, geographical representation of research sites is currently small. Future warming of tundra soils would probably lead to a pulse of trace gases into the atmosphere, particularly in disturbed areas and areas that are drying. It is not k ...
Regulation of atmospheric CO2 by deep
... stabilization of atmospheric CO2 through ocean-sediment interaction. Increased ocean stratification suppresses particulate organic carbon export, which in turn enhances seafloor CaCO3 preservation. The resulting reduction in the sequestration of fossil fuel CO2 represents a new positive feedback on ...
... stabilization of atmospheric CO2 through ocean-sediment interaction. Increased ocean stratification suppresses particulate organic carbon export, which in turn enhances seafloor CaCO3 preservation. The resulting reduction in the sequestration of fossil fuel CO2 represents a new positive feedback on ...
Holistic management
... grazing with high stocking rates, or uncontrolled grazing, increases the risks of desertification. How-ever, although grazing in most cases result in reduced vegetation growth, under certain conditions (a long evolutionary history of grazing, moderate grazing pressure during short time periods, and ...
... grazing with high stocking rates, or uncontrolled grazing, increases the risks of desertification. How-ever, although grazing in most cases result in reduced vegetation growth, under certain conditions (a long evolutionary history of grazing, moderate grazing pressure during short time periods, and ...
The two types of ENSO in CMIP5 models
... ENSO intensity is found to increase gradually from the preindustrial simulation to the historical simulation and to the RCP4.5 projection, while the EP ENSO intensity is found to increase and then decrease during these three climate conditions. However, it should be cautioned that the changes of ENS ...
... ENSO intensity is found to increase gradually from the preindustrial simulation to the historical simulation and to the RCP4.5 projection, while the EP ENSO intensity is found to increase and then decrease during these three climate conditions. However, it should be cautioned that the changes of ENS ...
Camels and Climate Resilience: Adaptation in Northern Kenya
... (Little et al. 2001a). In 2012, many of the people discussed in this paper were living in settlements, but livestock keeping was still important to their livelihoods and their identity (see also Adano and Witsenburg 2008). Households continued to split their animals into different herds for grazing ...
... (Little et al. 2001a). In 2012, many of the people discussed in this paper were living in settlements, but livestock keeping was still important to their livelihoods and their identity (see also Adano and Witsenburg 2008). Households continued to split their animals into different herds for grazing ...